Bridges, overpasses, and road construction sites with reduced vertical clearance lead to collision threats from crossing vehicles that exceed their clearance due to their inherent height or improper loading. These accidents can pose slight or severe...
Machine-vision-based crop detection is a central issue for digital farming, and crop height is an important factor that should be automatically measured in robot-based cultivations. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging cameras make it possible to measure a...
A number of previous works have shown that information about a subject is encoded in sparse kinematic information, such as the one revealed by so-called point light walkers. With the work at hand, we extend these results to classifications of soft bi...
The floating height of the strip in an air cushion furnace is a key parameter for the quality and efficiency of production. However, the high temperature and high pressure of the working environment prevents the floating height from being directly me...
In the context of ongoing global warming and urbanization, the need for reliable temperature monitoring in urban areas is increasing. Such monitoring serves multiple purposes, including assessing urban heat island (UHI) intensity, evaluating climate...
Fire is a significant cause of fatalities and property loss. In tall spaces, early smoke dispersion is hindered by thermal barriers, and initial flames with limited smoke production may be obscured by ground-level structures. Consequently, smoke, tem...
Workers at construction sites are prone to fall-from-height (FFH) accidents. The severity of injury can be represented by the acceleration peak value. In the study, a risk prediction against FFH was made using IMU sensor data for accident prevention...
Women often wear high-heeled shoes for professional or esthetic reasons. However, high-heeled shoes can cause discomfort and injury and can change the body’s center of gravity when maintaining balance. This study developed an assessment system...
As one of the key crop traits, plant height is traditionally evaluated manually, which can be slow, laborious and prone to error. Rapid development of remote and proximal sensing technologies in recent years allows plant height to be estimated in mor...
Plant height is an important trait for evaluating plant lodging, drought, and stress. Standard measurement techniques are expensive, laborious, and error-prone. Although UAS-based sensors and digital aerial photogrammetry have been tested on plants w...
Cloud-top heights (CTH), as one of the representative variables reflecting cloud macro-physical properties, affect the Earth–atmosphere system through radiation budget, water cycle, and atmospheric circulation. This study compares the CTH from passiv...
Sprayer boom height (Hb) variations affect the deposition and distribution of droplets. An Hb control system is used to adjust Hb to maintain an optimum distance between the boom and the crop canopy, and an Hb detection sensor is a key component of t...
Ultrasonic feedback energy is affected by the variety, planting, and growth state of crops; therefore, it is difficult to find applications for this energy in precision agriculture systems. To this end, an ultrasonic sensor was mounted in a spray boo...
Sensing distance and speed have crucial effects on the data of active and passive sensors, providing valuable information relevant to crop growth monitoring and environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sens...
We present two methods of improving wavelength sensitivity for multi-slot sub-wavelength Bragg grating (MS-SW BG) refractive index sensors. The sensor structure is designed to have high optical mode confinement in the gaps between the silicon pillars...
In an inertial sensor-based pedestrian navigation system, the position is estimated by double integrating external acceleration. A new algorithm is proposed to reduce z axis position (height) error. When a foot is on the ground, a foot angle is estim...
This paper introduces a novel afocal optical flow sensor (OFS) system for odometry estimation in indoor robotic navigation. The OFS used in computer optical mouse has been adopted for mobile robots because it is not affected by wheel slippage. Vertic...
A sensor fusion method was developed for vertical channel stabilization by fusing inertial measurements from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and pressure altitude measurements from a barometric altimeter integrated in the same device (baro-IMU). A...
Plant height is a morphological characteristic of plant growth that is a useful indicator of plant stress resulting from water and nutrient deficit. While height is a relatively simple trait, it can be difficult to measure accurately, especially in c...
Plant height is a critical biophysical trait indicative of plant growth and developmental conditions and is valuable for biomass estimation and crop yield prediction. This study examined the effects of flight altitude and camera angle in quantifying...
The phenotypic characterization of crop genotypes is an essential, yet challenging, aspect of crop management and agriculture research. Digital sensing technologies are rapidly advancing plant phenotyping and speeding-up crop breeding outcomes. Howev...
The olive groves’ relevance has historically been ingrained in Mediterranean cultures. Spain stands out as a leading producer worldwide, where olive trees are extensively grown in the Andalusian region. However, despite the importance of this s...
In this paper, an adaptive header height control system is designed. Through the influence of the natural frequency, ωn, and damping ratio, ζ, on the system’s dynamic index, the optimal hydraulic cylinder parameters are determined co...
The Orthelligent Pro sensor is a practicable, portable measuring instrument. This study assessed the validity and reliability of this sensor in measuring single-leg countermovement jumps. Fifty healthy athletic adults participated in two measurement...
The possibility of using unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) for cadastral survey purposes was investigated in this research. A study site consisting of 26 ground control points (GCP) and checkpoints (CP) was established. The study site was first measure...
Food allergens present a significant health risk to the human population, so their presence must be monitored and controlled within food production environments. This is especially important for powdered food, which can contain nearly all known food...
A skin friction sensor is a three-dimensional MEMS sensor specially designed for measuring the skin friction of hypersonic vehicle models. The accuracy of skin friction measurement under hypersonic laminar flow conditions is closely related to the fa...
In this paper, a novel shore-based S-band microwave Doppler coherent wave radar (Microwave Ocean Remote SEnsor (MORSE)) is designed to improve wave measurements. Marine radars, which operate in the X band, have been widely used for ocean monitoring b...
Active crop canopy sensors can be used for non-destructive real-time diagnosis of crop nitrogen (N) status and guiding in-season N management. However, limited studies have compared the performances of two commercially available sensors with three di...
Correct estimation of above-ground biomass (AGB) is necessary for accurate crop growth monitoring and yield prediction. We estimated AGB based on images obtained with a snapshot hyperspectral sensor (UHD 185 firefly, Cubert GmbH, Ulm, Baden-Württembe...
Accurately monitoring forest canopy height is crucial for sustainable forest management, particularly in southeastern North Carolina, USA, where dense forests and limited accessibility pose substantial challenges. This study presents an explainable m...
Owing to the combination of windsurfing, snowboarding, wakeboarding, and paragliding, kiteboarding has gained an enormous number of fans worldwide. Enthusiasts compete to achieve the maximum height and length of jumps, speed, or total distance travel...
In the dynamic operation of a boom sprayer, the boom oscillation will cause the detection value of the boom height to fluctuate greatly, resulting in failures of the control system. Based on the previously developed static boom height detection model...
Environment perception is important for collision-free motion planning of outdoor mobile robots. This paper presents an adaptive obstacle detection method for outdoor mobile robots using a single downward-looking LiDAR sensor. The method begins by ex...
Remote sensing applied in the digital transformation of agriculture and, more particularly, in precision viticulture offers methods to map field spatial variability to support site-specific management strategies; these can be based on crop canopy cha...
Crop height and biomass are the two important phenotyping traits to screen forage population types at local and regional scales. This study aims to compare the performances of multispectral and RGB sensors onboard drones for quantitative retrievals o...
With the rapid development of smart manufacturing, the optimization of real-time monitoring in operating procedures has become a crucial issue in modern industry. Traditional disassembly and assembly (D/A) work, relying on human experience and visual...
Forest canopy height is an important biophysical variable for quantifying carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems. Active light detection and ranging (lidar) sensors with discrete-return or waveform lidar have produced reliable measures of forest ca...
The article presents the use of barometric sensors to precisely determine the altitude of a flying object. The sensors are arranged in a hexahedral spatial arrangement with appropriately spaced air inlets. Thanks to the solution used, the range of me...
Hall-effect in semiconductors has wide applications for magnetic field sensing. Yet, a standard Hall sensor retains two problems: its linearity is affected by the non-uniformity of the current distribution; the sensitivity is bias-dependent, with lin...
The need for real-time and scalable oceanographic monitoring has become crucial for coastal management, marine traffic control and environmental sustainability. This study investigates the integration of sensor technology into marine cables to enable...
Canopy color and structure can strongly reflect plant functions. Color characteristics and plant height as well as canopy breadth are important aspects of the canopy phenotype of soybean plants. High-throughput phenotyping systems with imaging capabi...
Directed energy deposition (DED) is a family of additive manufacturing technologies. With these processes, metal parts are built layer by layer, introducing dynamics that propagate in time and layer-domains, which implies additional complexity and co...
To protect crops from diseases and increase yields, chemical agents are applied by boom sprayers. To achieve the optimal effect, the boom and the crop canopy should be kept at an appropriate distance. So, it is crucial to be able to distinguish the c...
Regular measurement of carbon stock in the world’s forests is critical for carbon accounting and reporting under national and international climate initiatives and for scientific research but has been largely limited in scalability and temporal...
Nowadays, mobile robots have become a useful tool that permits solving a wide range of applications. Their importance lies in their ability to move autonomously through unknown environments and to adapt to changing conditions. To this end, the robot...
Estimation of Dry Matter Yield (DMY) and Nitrogen Content (NC) in forage is a big concern for growers. In this study, an estimation model of DMY and NC using Visible and Near Infrared (V-NIR) spectroscopy was developed. An adequate number of grass sa...
This study evaluated the possibility of using two complementary electronic sensors (rising plate meter (RPM) and active optical sensor (AOS)) to obtain a global indicator, pasture crude protein (CP) in kg ha−1. This parameter simultaneously int...
Forest mapping is an important source of information for assessing woodland resources and a key issue for any National Forest Inventory (NFI). In the present study, a detailed wall-to-wall forest cover map was generated for all of Switzerland, which...
Forests are one of the key elements in ecological transition policies in Europe. Sustainable forest management is needed in order to optimise wood harvesting, while preserving carbon storage, biodiversity and other ecological functions. Forest manage...
of 32