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53 Results Found

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,907 Views
10 Pages

The Impact of Opportunistic Salpingectomy on Ovarian Reserve: A Systematic Review

  • Teodora Radu,
  • Matyas Mar,
  • Vlad Tudorache and
  • Claudiu Marginean

3 June 2024

Background: In the last decade, increasing evidence has suggested that high-grade serous ovarian cancers may have their origin in the fallopian tube rather than the ovary. This emerging theory presents an opportunity to prevent epithelial ovarian can...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
7,993 Views
10 Pages

A Standardized Protocol for Post-Partum Salpingectomy with Suture Ligation: A Prospective Feasibility Study

  • Gillian L. Hsieh,
  • Matthew K. Wagar,
  • Kathleen M. Antony,
  • Ramya Masand and
  • Matthew L. Anderson

10 June 2022

Our objective is to define a standard protocol for post-partum salpingectomy and provide a prospective assessment of safety and feasibility of such a procedure. Thus, a protocol for performing post-partum salpingectomy in limited-resource environment...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,980 Views
9 Pages

Ovarian Follicular Response Is Altered by Salpingectomy in Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Pre- and Postoperative Case–Control Study

  • Laurianne Reitz,
  • Vincent Balaya,
  • Basile Pache,
  • Anis Feki,
  • Grégoire Le Conte,
  • Achraf Benammar and
  • Jean-Marc Ayoubi

27 July 2023

Objectives: The goal of this study was to assess the effect of unilateral salpingectomy on the number of mature follicles in the ipsilateral ovary during an assisted reproductive technology (ART) stimulation cycle, as compared to the contralateral ov...

  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,896 Views
14 Pages

Beyond Sterilization: A Comprehensive Review on the Safety and Efficacy of Opportunistic Salpingectomy as a Preventative Strategy for Ovarian Cancer

  • Tahereh Zadabedini Masouleh,
  • Holly Etchegary,
  • Kathleen Hodgkinson,
  • Brenda J. Wilson and
  • Lesa Dawson

28 November 2023

Ovarian cancer (OC) is Canada’s third most common gynecological cancer, with an estimated 3000 new cases and 1950 deaths projected in 2022. No effective screening has been found to identify OC, especially the most common subtype, high-grade ser...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,127 Views
12 Pages

Laparoscopic Salpingectomy and Vasectomy to Inhibit Fertility in Free-Ranging Nutrias (Myocastor coypus)

  • Giuseppe Bonaffini,
  • Matteo Serpieri,
  • Chiara Ottino,
  • Luca Scandone,
  • Giuseppe Quaranta and
  • Mitzy Mauthe von Degerfeld

19 March 2023

The nutria (Myocastor coypus), an invasive alien species, is widely spread in Europe. Pursuant to regulation (EU) no. 1143/2014, the nutria is subject to management programs to reduce its spread. Surgical fertility control is considered an acceptable...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,734 Views
8 Pages

30 December 2022

Recent findings suggest that high-grade serous ovarian cancer can originate in the fallopian tube. Not only has that made the identification of precursor lesions pivotal in early detection and prevention of these cancers, prophylactic salpingectomy a...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
596 Views
31 Pages

Tubal Stump Ectopic Pregnancy After IVF-ET in Patients Who Underwent Salpingectomy or Adnexectomy: A Qualitative Systematic Review

  • Massimo Criscione,
  • Giorgio Maria Baldini,
  • Elisa Sanna,
  • Laura Saderi,
  • Giovanni Sotgiu,
  • Mario Palumbo,
  • Marco Petrillo and
  • Giampiero Capobianco

31 December 2025

Background and Objectives: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a life-threatening medical and surgical condition. Tubal stump EPs and heterotopic pregnancies can occur after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), even after salpingectomy. The purpose...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,537 Views
9 Pages

Opportunistic salpingectomies (OSs) are concurrently performed with hysterectomies to prevent epithelial ovarian cancer. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between OS and early menopause in females who have undergone hysterectomies. This...

  • Article
  • Open Access
375 Views
11 Pages

Comparison of Cardiorespiratory Effects of Two Balanced Anesthesia Protocols in Baboons (Papio hamadryas) Undergoing Laparoscopic Salpingectomy

  • Roberta Pizzi,
  • Claudia Piemontese,
  • Caterina Vicenti,
  • Elena Barazia,
  • Marzia Stabile,
  • Claudia Acquafredda,
  • Luca Lacitignola,
  • Marta Guadalupi,
  • Pietro Laricchiuta and
  • Francesco Staffieri

29 November 2025

Laparoscopic salpingectomy is a minimally invasive surgery that requires careful anesthetic management due to the effects of intra-abdominal gas insufflation. In this retrospective study, baboons (Papio hamadryas) were treated with two induction prot...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,587 Views
16 Pages

13 April 2024

Opportunistic salpingectomy (OS) for the primary prevention of ovarian cancer is performed by gynecologists. Advocates have suggested expanding its use to other surgical specialties. General surgeons are the other group to routinely perform intraperi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,717 Views
16 Pages

Ovarian Cancer: From Precursor Lesion Identification to Population-Based Prevention Programs

  • Ramlogan Sowamber,
  • Alexandra Lukey,
  • David Huntsman and
  • Gillian Hanley

29 November 2023

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies, including high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). HGSC is often diagnosed at advanced stages and is linked to TP53 variants. While BRCA variants elevate risk, most HGSC cases...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,581 Views
11 Pages

Use of Laryngeal Mask and Anesthetic Management in Hamadryas Baboons (Papio hamadryas) Undergoing Laparoscopic Salpingectomy—A Case Series

  • Annalaura Scardia,
  • Pietro Laricchiuta,
  • Marzia Stabile,
  • Claudia Acquafredda,
  • Luca Lacitignola,
  • Annamaria Uva,
  • Antonio Crovace and
  • Francesco Staffieri

15 February 2023

The study aims to describe the anesthetic and airway management of baboons (Papio hamadryas) undergoing laparoscopic salpingectomy with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) device. Eleven baboons received tiletamine-zolazepam and medetomidine; anesthesia wa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,120 Views
12 Pages

24 August 2025

Background/Objectives: High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the leading cause of ovarian cancer-related mortality. It usually arises from fallopian tube epithelium, with a smaller subset arising in non-tubal sites including the ovary or peritoneum....

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
2,483 Views
5 Pages

Trophoblastic Tissue Reimplantation below the Spleen Following Laparoscopic Bilateral Salpingectomy for Ectopic Tubal Pregnancy: A Case Report

  • Dominyka Surgontaitė,
  • Artūras Sukovas,
  • Dalia Regina Railaitė,
  • Tautvydas Jankauskas,
  • Arnoldas Bartusevičius and
  • Eglė Bartusevičienė

3 April 2023

Background: Trophoblastic tissue reimplantation after laparoscopic salpingectomy is a very rare complication. These cases may present a diagnostic challenge and the majority of patients need a surgical treatment. Case presentation: A 31-year-old pati...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,583 Views
6 Pages

Surgical Treatment Following Failed Medical Treatment of an Interstitial Pregnancy

  • Stefano Restaino,
  • Elena De Gennaro,
  • Stefano Floris,
  • Guglielmo Stabile,
  • Giulia Zinicola,
  • Felice Sorrentino,
  • Giuseppe Vizzielli and
  • Lorenza Driul

15 July 2022

Interstitial pregnancy (IP) is a type of ectopic pregnancy in which the embryo implants in the interstitial part of the Fallopian tube. It accounts for 2% of all ectopic pregnancies. Signs and symptoms appear later than the other forms of ectopic pre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,436 Views
13 Pages

Predictors of Methotrexate Success and Fertility Outcomes in Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

  • Elisa Scarpelli,
  • Vito Andrea Capozzi,
  • Licia Roberto,
  • Asya Gallinelli,
  • Alessandra Pezzani,
  • Michela Monica and
  • Roberto Berretta

9 June 2025

Background and Objectives: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a potentially life-threatening condition and the leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester. Although both surgical and medical approaches are effective, selection criteria for Meth...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,016 Views
20 Pages

Which Low-Abundance Proteins are Present in the Human Milieu of Gamete/Embryo Maternal Interaction?

  • Analuce Canha-Gouveia,
  • A. Paradela,
  • António Ramos-Fernández,
  • Maria Teresa Prieto-Sánchez,
  • Maria Luisa Sánchez-Ferrer,
  • Fernando Corrales and
  • Pilar Coy

24 October 2019

The improvement of the embryo culture media is of high relevance due to its influence on successful implantation rates, pregnancy, neonatal outcomes, and potential effects in adult life. The ideal conditions for embryo development are those naturally...

  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
9,898 Views
18 Pages

Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy: From Diagnosis to Treatment

  • Dimitrios Papageorgiou,
  • Ioakeim Sapantzoglou,
  • Ioannis Prokopakis and
  • Eleftherios Zachariou

The most frequent form of ectopic pregnancy, known as tubal pregnancy, leads to a dangerous situation where the fertilized ovum implants inside a fallopian tube, which can result in tubal rupture and severe bleeding. The purpose of this narrative rev...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,887 Views
8 Pages

Isolated tubal torsions presenting to the emergency department are a very rare cause of pediatric acute abdominal pain. Since making the diagnosis early is of importance in terms of affecting tubal damage and fertility, we aimed to evaluate cases of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,051 Views
19 Pages

Objectives: Major gynecological surgeries are indicated for the treatment of female genital pathologies. It is key to examine trends in gynecologic surgical procedures and updated recommendations by international gynecological societies to find oppor...

  • Review
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,862 Views
9 Pages

29 September 2022

Synopsis: Nowadays there are no clinical, laboratory, or ultrasound criteria to differentiate ectopic tubal pregnancy from tubal molar pregnancy, so a preoperative diagnosis is not possible. Objective: Tubal ectopic hydatidiform moles are a rare type...

  • Editorial
  • Open Access
8 Citations
899 Views
2 Pages

Opportunistic Salpingectomy: The Way Forward—Response to Steven Narod

  • D.M. Miller,
  • J.N. McAlpine,
  • C.B. Gilks and
  • D.G. Huntsman

1 June 2013

Although stimulated by more profound issues, Galilei’s quote could be applied to today’s changing understanding of the origin of ovarian carcinoma and how that knowledge might be used to prevent cancer.[...]

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,148 Views
13 Pages

Proteomic Profiling Identifies Candidate Diagnostic Biomarkers of Hydrosalpinx in Endometrial Fluid: A Pilot Study

  • Roberto Gonzalez-Martin,
  • Pedro de Castro,
  • Carmen Fernandez,
  • Fernando Quintana,
  • Alicia Quiñonero,
  • Marcos Ferrando and
  • Francisco Dominguez

Hydrosalpinx is a fluid occlusion and distension of the fallopian tubes, often resulting from pelvic inflammatory disease, which reduces the success of artificial reproductive technologies (ARTs) by 50%. Tubal factors account for approximately 25% of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,003 Views
23 Pages

Modification of Morphology and Glycan Pattern of the Oviductal Epithelium of Baboon Papio hamadryas during the Menstrual Cycle

  • Salvatore Desantis,
  • Maria Albrizio,
  • Luca Lacitignola,
  • Pietro Laricchiuta and
  • Mario Cinone

14 October 2022

The mammalian oviduct is a highly specialized structure where fertilization and early embryonic development occur. Its mucosal epithelium is involved in maintaining and modulating a dynamic intraluminal fluid. The oviductal epithelium consists of cil...

  • Review
  • Open Access
36 Citations
9,180 Views
10 Pages

Surgically Induced Menopause—A Practical Review of Literature

  • Cristina Secoșan,
  • Oana Balint,
  • Laurențiu Pirtea,
  • Dorin Grigoraș,
  • Ligia Bălulescu and
  • Răzvan Ilina

14 August 2019

Menopause can occur spontaneously (natural menopause) or it can be surgically induced by oophorectomy. The symptoms and complications related to menopause differ from one patient to another. We aimed to review the similarities and differences between...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,289 Views
15 Pages

Impact of Ectopic Pregnancy on the Outcomes of the Subsequent Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Dimitrios Papageorgiou,
  • Ioakeim Sapantzoglou,
  • Eleftherios Zachariou,
  • Panagiotis Antsaklis,
  • Georgios Daskalakis and
  • Vasilios Pergialiotis

10 June 2025

Background/Objectives: Although ectopic pregnancy has been extensively studied in terms of epidemiology, associated risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities, the data regarding its impact on the development of adverse outcomes in...

  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,569 Views
13 Pages

Tubal Endometriosis: From Bench to Bedside, A Scoping Review

  • Anastasia Prodromidou,
  • Nikolaos Kathopoulis,
  • Dimitrios Zacharakis,
  • Themos Grigoriadis,
  • Ioannis Chatzipapas and
  • Athanasios Protopapas

26 February 2022

Tubal endometriosis (EM) refers to the detection of ectopic endometrial implants on tubes. It may cause a significant defect of the tubes, translating into dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and infertility. We aimed to evaluate the disease characteristics,...

  • Review
  • Open Access
24 Citations
7,291 Views
8 Pages

Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma: A Concise Review for the Practicing Pathologist and Clinician

  • S. Emily Bachert,
  • Anthony McDowell,
  • Dava Piecoro and
  • Lauren Baldwin Branch

13 February 2020

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy, accounting for more than 14,000 deaths each year. With no established way to prevent or screen for it, the vast majority of cases are diagnosed as International Federation of Gynecology and Obst...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,476 Views
8 Pages

Ascertaining the Effects of Tissue Sealers on Minor Laparoscopic Procedures between Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents: A Prospective Cohort Study

  • Pasquale De Franciscis,
  • Marco La Verde,
  • Luigi Cobellis,
  • Antonio Mollo,
  • Marco Torella,
  • Fulvio De Simone,
  • Gaetano Maria Munno,
  • Emanuele Amabile,
  • Carla Loreto and
  • Gaetano Riemma
  • + 2 authors

23 April 2022

Background and Objectives: The type of instrumentation used during laparoscopic surgery might impact on the learning curve of resident surgeons. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in operator satisfaction and surgical outcomes betwe...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
1,229 Views
12 Pages

Laparoscopic Management of Hemoperitoneum Due to a Cornual Pregnancy After an Ipsilateral Tubal Pregnancy: A Case Report

  • Raffaele Tinelli,
  • Federica Savasta,
  • Stefano Angioni,
  • Giorgio Bogani,
  • Livio Leo,
  • Alessandro Messina and
  • Alessandro Libretti

Background: Cornual pregnancy (CP) is a rare but life-threatening form of ectopic pregnancy. Severe complications include uterine rupture and massive hemorrhage, often requiring complex surgical management despite prompt intervention. We report a cas...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,602 Views
3 Pages

Heterotopic Pregnancy with Suspicion of Superfetation after the Intrauterine Insemination Cycle with Ovulation Induction Using Clomiphene Citrate: A Case Report

  • Ayumu Ito,
  • Takamasa Furukawa,
  • Kentaro Nakaoka,
  • Rika Hayashi,
  • Tadashi Namihira,
  • Sadanori Kasai,
  • Kazuko Shimai,
  • Kenji Takahashi and
  • Masahito Nakakuma

25 March 2019

At 22 days after intrauterine insemination with ovulation induction using clomiphene citrate at a previous hospital, a 30-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital owing to right lower quadrant abdominal pain. We diagnosed threatened abortion becau...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,928 Views
20 Pages

Cost-Effectiveness of Risk-Reducing Surgery for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Prevention: A Systematic Review

  • Xia Wei,
  • Samuel Oxley,
  • Michail Sideris,
  • Ashwin Kalra,
  • Li Sun,
  • Li Yang,
  • Rosa Legood and
  • Ranjit Manchanda

12 December 2022

Policymakers require robust cost-effectiveness evidence of risk-reducing-surgery (RRS) for decision making on resource allocation for breast cancer (BC)/ovarian cancer (OC)/endometrial cancer (EC) prevention. We aimed to summarise published data on t...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,819 Views
5 Pages

A Case of Advanced Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy after Emergency Contraception

  • Stefano Restaino,
  • Matilde Degano,
  • Diana Padovani,
  • Anna Biasioli,
  • Valentina Capodicasa,
  • Giuseppe Vizzielli and
  • Lorenza Driul

22 August 2022

Ectopic pregnancy is a relatively common condition and an important cause of morbidity in women of childbearing age. The most frequent implantation site is the fallopian tube. Most cases are diagnosed in an early gestational period. Patients come to...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,485 Views
6 Pages

The aim of this study was to present a new case of congenital Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich syndrome, a rare anomaly of the female reproductive tract, and review the related literature. A 12-year-old girl presented with severe dysmenorrhea sin...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,721 Views
9 Pages

Risk-Reducing Options for High-Grade Serous Gynecologic Malignancy in BRCA1/2

  • Lauren Clarfield,
  • Laura Diamond and
  • Michelle Jacobson

21 March 2022

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death among women with gynecologic malignancy. Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene 1 (BRCA 1) and Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene 2 (BRCA 2) germline mutations confer an estimated 20 to 40 times increased r...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
579 Views
10 Pages

Cesarean Scar Pregnancy Case Report in a Grade 2 Maternity and Review of the Literature

  • Muntean Mihai,
  • Gliga Cosma Marius,
  • Sasaran Vladut and
  • Mărginean Claudiu

15 December 2025

Background and Clinical Significance: Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare complication that can occur after cesarean delivery, potentially exposing the patient to severe and life-threatening complications. This case report aimed to illustrate the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,889 Views
11 Pages

The Beginner Laparoscopists Trends in the Learning Process of Laparoscopy for Adnexal Gynecological Pathologies—The Experience of Our Center

  • Romina-Marina Sima,
  • Anca-Violeta Crăițan,
  • Liana Pleș,
  • Florin Bobircă,
  • Mihaela Amza,
  • Gabriel-Petre Gorecki,
  • Mihai-Teodor Georgescu and
  • Bashar Haj Hamoud

Background: Laparoscopy for benign ovarian pathology is the appropriate surgical approach and it has many well-known advantages. Minimal invasive gynecological surgery increases the quality of life of the patient. The learning process of laparoscopy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,871 Views
9 Pages

25 July 2024

Background/Objectives: This study evaluates the safety and surgical outcomes of performing robotic hysterectomy on uteri weighing over 1000 g, with a focus on the surgeon’s learning curve. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 44 p...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,118 Views
13 Pages

Surgical Management for Transposed Ovarian Recurrence of Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review with Our Experience

  • Michihide Maeda,
  • Tsuyoshi Hisa,
  • Hiroki Kurahashi,
  • Harue Hayashida,
  • Misooja Lee,
  • Reisa Kakubari,
  • Shinya Matsuzaki,
  • Seiji Mabuchi and
  • Shoji Kamiura

29 September 2022

In early-stage cervical cancer, ovarian metastasis is relatively rare, and ovarian transposition is often performed during surgery. Although rare, the diagnosis and surgical approach for recurrence at transposed ovaries are challenging. This study fo...

  • Review
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,858 Views
11 Pages

23 May 2021

In the field of gynecology, the approval of the PARP inhibitors (PARPi) has been changing the treatment of ovarian cancer patients. The BRCA genetic test and the HRD test are being used as a companion diagnosis before starting PARPi treatment. BRACAn...

  • Interesting Images
  • Open Access
1 Citations
5,114 Views
8 Pages

Ruptured Recurrent Interstitial Ectopic Pregnancy Successfully Managed by Laparoscopy

  • Claudiu Octavian Ungureanu,
  • Floris Cristian Stanculea,
  • Niculae Iordache,
  • Teodor Florin Georgescu,
  • Octav Ginghina,
  • Raul Mihailov,
  • Ileana Adela Vacaroiu and
  • Dragos Eugen Georgescu

27 February 2024

Ectopic pregnancies are a frequently encountered cause of first-trimester metrorrhagia. They occur when an embryo is implanted and grows outside the normal uterine space. Uncommonly, the embryo can be implanted in the intramural portion of the uterin...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
21 Citations
3,919 Views
8 Pages

Ultrasound Features of a Uterine Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor (PEComa): Case Report and Literature Review

  • Luca Giannella,
  • Giovanni Delli Carpini,
  • Nina Montik,
  • Valeria Verdecchia,
  • Francesca Puccio,
  • Jacopo Di Giuseppe,
  • Dimitrios Tsiroglou,
  • Gaia Goteri and
  • Andrea Ciavattini

Background: Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are rare mesenchymal tumors. One of the most frequent localizations of PEComas is the female genitourinary tract, and the uterus is the most involved site after the kidney. Correct preoperati...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3,508 Views
21 Pages

After the Shock: Impact of Ectopic Pregnancy on Subsequent Fertility and Parenthood

  • Efthalia Moustakli,
  • Ekaterini Domali,
  • Anastasios Potiris,
  • Angeliki Gerede,
  • Ismini Anagnostaki,
  • Athanasios Zikopoulos,
  • Charalampos Theofanakis,
  • Nikolaos Kathopoulis,
  • Konstantinos Louis and
  • Sofoklis Stavros
  • + 1 author

The potentially fatal condition known as ectopic pregnancy (EP) occurs when an embryo implants outside of the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. It accounts for approximately 1–2% of all pregnancies and remains a leading cause of maternal m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,419 Views
13 Pages

Evaluation of Laparoscopy Virtual Reality Training on the Improvement of Trainees’ Surgical Skills

  • Mohamed Elessawy,
  • Mohamed Mabrouk,
  • Thorsten Heilmann,
  • Marion Weigel,
  • Mohamed Zidan,
  • Ghada Abu-Sheasha,
  • Andre Farrokh,
  • Dirk Bauerschlag,
  • Nicolai Maass and
  • Dina Kamel
  • + 1 author

2 February 2021

Background and objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate the benefit of training with virtual reality simulation. The secondary objective was to describe the short-term skill acquisition obtained by simulation training and to determine the fa...

  • Review
  • Open Access
445 Views
13 Pages

29 December 2025

Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a potentially life-threatening condition, often associated with acute abdominal pain and hemoperitoneum. Certain conditions, such as adenomyosis and the use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), may re...

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