Is It Possible to Diagnose Preoperatively a Tubal Ectopic Hydatidiform Molar Pregnancy? Description of a Case Report and Review of the Literature of the Last Ten Years
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Case Report
2.2. Review of the Literature
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author, Year | Study Design | Clinical Aspects | US | Treatment | Histological Examination | Follow-Up |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laura Allen et al., 2016 [6] | Case report | 29 years BHCG of 32,000 IU/L. Diagnosis of a miscarriage one month before. Abdominal pain | Right-sided adnexal mass measuring 2.2 × 2.4 × 2 cm, and a fluid collection in the uterus. No evidence of a gestational sac | Salpingostomy and D & C | Partial hydatidiform molar (PHM) pregnancy | Serial monitoring of BHCG level; BHCG = 0 one month after surgery |
A Siozos et al., 2010 [7] | Case report | β-HCG 3352 IU/L. Vaginal bleeding, abdominal pelvic pain | Left mass adjacent to the left ovary of 2.5 cm. Free fluid in the pouch of Douglas | Mini laparotomy with left partial salpingectomy | Complete molar pregnancy (CHM) | No symptoms 6 weeks later |
Najoua Bousfiha et al., 2011 [8] | Case report | 32 years BHCG 3454 IU/L. Last menstrual period 6 weeks before. Vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain | Irregular echogenic mass in the left adnexa (1.5 cm × 2 cm) | Left laparoscopic salpingectomy | Partial molar pregnancy (PHM) | Weekly quantitative Β-hCG titers until three successive Β-hCG levels were negative. |
Borahe et al., 2010 [9] | Case report | 30 years Last menstrual period 7 weeks before. Mild vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain | Left tubo-ovarian mass with a live fetus corresponding to 7 weeks and 6 days of gestation with free fluid in the pelvic cavity | Laparotomy left side salpingectomy | Complete molar pregnancy (CHM) and tubal rupture | Weekly follow-up by serum βhCG measurement |
Chi-Wen Juan 2013 [10] | Case report | 20 years BHCG 6984 mIU/mL. Last menstrual period 8 weeks and 4 days before. Abdominal pain | Empty endometrial cavity with cul-de-sac fluid and a left adnexal mass | Left laparoscopic salpingectomy | Tubal invasive mole and tubal rupture | Weekly quantitative β-hCG titers until 3 successive β-hCG levels were negative |
Consuelo Lozoya López, et al., 2018 [11] | Case report | 34 years BHCG 12,893 IU/L. Last menstrual period 8 weeks before. Abdominal pain, vomiting, and vaginal bleeding | Left paraovarian mass of 65 × 40 × 35 mm in size, filled with amorphous echoes | Laparotomy left side salpingectomy | Partial molar pregnancy (PHM) with a slight ruptured tube | Elevated hCG levels were detected. MTX was initiated |
Haneen Al-Maghrabi et al., 2019 [12] | Case report | 39 years BHCG 110.766 mIU/mL. Lower abdominal pain, abdominal distention, and low-grade fever for three days | Right adnexal heterogeneous complex mass (7 × 5 × 5 cm) and an adjacent right ovarian cyst (8 × 7 × 5 cm) with free fluid in the abdomen and pelvis | Laparotomy right salpingo-oophorectomy | Complete molar pregnancy (CHM) and tubal rupture | Follow-up by serum BHCG measurements |
Tabassum Nakeer et al., 2014 [13] | Case report | 32 years Abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding | Abdominal mass of 1.8 cm near to the left ovary and fluid in cul-de-sac | Laparotomy left side salpingectomy | Partial molar pregnancy (PHM) | |
Devi Beena et al., 2016 [14] | Case report | 32 years Last menstrual period one and a half months before. Abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding | Right adnexal mass 4 × 3 cm and endopelvic free fluid | Laparotomy right salpingectomy | Complete molar pregnancy (CHM) and tubal rupture | Weekly quantitative β-hCG titers until 3 successive β-hCG levels were negative |
Fatemeh Davari Tanha et al., 2011 [15] | Case report | 29 years BHCG 15,000 mIU/mL. Vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain | Left adnexal mass of 18 × 28 mm, free fluid in the cul-de-sac. No gestational sac in the uterus | Laparotomy left side salpingectomy | Partial molar pregnancy (PHM) with a slight ruptured tube | Serum beta-HCG titers |
Chaouki Mbarki et al., 2015 [16] | Case report | 32 years BHCG 40,400 mIU/mL. Last menstrual period 6 weeks before. Abdominal pain and mild vaginal bleeding | A left adnexal mass containing an embryo at 6 weeks of gestation with cardiac activity. No intrauterine gestational sac. Thin endometrium | Left laparoscopic salpingectomy | Partial molar pregnancy (PHM) | Weekly quantitative β-hCG titers until 3 successive β-hCG levels were negative |
Chaouki Mbarki et al., 2015 [16] | Case report | 37 years BHCG 290,600 mIU/mL. Last menstrual period 7 weeks before. Abdominal pelvic pain | 5 cm left latero-uterine heterogeneous mass, a large pelvic effusion, and no intrauterine pregnancy | Left laparoscopic salpingectomy | Complete molar pregnancy (CHM) and tubal rupture | Weekly quantitative β-hCG titers until 3 successive β-hCG levels were negative |
IA Yakasai et al., 2012 [17] | Case report | 35 years Last menstrual period 12 weeks before. Abdominal pelvic pain | Well-encapsulated mass in the left adnexa, measuring 79.8 × 50 mm | Laparotomy left side salpingectomy | Complete molar pregnancy (CHM) and tubal rupture | Every 2 weeks quantitative β-hCG titers until 3 successive β-hCG levels were negative |
Ting Zhao et al., 2019 [18] | Case report | 27 years BHCG 6178 mIU/mL. Last menstrual period 4 weeks before. Abdominal pain | Right adnexal mass measuring 31 × 28 × 18 mm (medium/low echogenic), while no sac was detected in the uterine cavity | Right laparoscopic salpingotomy + 100 mg methotrexate injected into the right mesosalpinx | Complete molar pregnancy (CHM) | Weekly quantitative β-hCG titers until 3 successive β-hCG levels were negative |
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D’Asta, M.; La Ferrera, N.; Gulino, F.A.; Ettore, C.; Ettore, G. Is It Possible to Diagnose Preoperatively a Tubal Ectopic Hydatidiform Molar Pregnancy? Description of a Case Report and Review of the Literature of the Last Ten Years. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 5783. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195783
D’Asta M, La Ferrera N, Gulino FA, Ettore C, Ettore G. Is It Possible to Diagnose Preoperatively a Tubal Ectopic Hydatidiform Molar Pregnancy? Description of a Case Report and Review of the Literature of the Last Ten Years. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(19):5783. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195783
Chicago/Turabian StyleD’Asta, Marco, Nicolò La Ferrera, Ferdinando Antonio Gulino, Carla Ettore, and Giuseppe Ettore. 2022. "Is It Possible to Diagnose Preoperatively a Tubal Ectopic Hydatidiform Molar Pregnancy? Description of a Case Report and Review of the Literature of the Last Ten Years" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 19: 5783. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195783