In the past three decades, stepping-stone intrusion has become a professional and primary way used by intruders to launch their attacks since they can be protected behind a long TCP connection chain. Many different algorithms have been proposed to de...
Wi-Fi round-trip timing (RTT) was applied to indoor positioning systems based on distance estimation. RTT has a higher reception instability than the received signal strength indicator (RSSI)-based fingerprint in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments...
Indoor localization using fine time measurement (FTM) round-trip time (RTT) with respect to cooperating Wi-Fi access points (APs) has been shown to work well and provide 1–2 m accuracy in both 2D and 3D applications. This approach depends on AP...
Wi-Fi round-trip time (RTT) ranging has proven successful in indoor localization. Here, it is shown to be useful outdoors as well—and more accurate than smartphone code-based GNSS when used near buildings with Wi-Fi access points (APs). A Bayes...
The rapid growth in the technological advancements of the smartphone industry has classified contemporary smartphones as a low-cost and high quality indoor positioning tools requiring no additional infrastructure or equipment. In recent years, the fi...
The Indoor Positioning System (IPS) is used to locate devices and people in smart environments. In recent years, position determination methods have evolved from simple Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurements to more advanced approache...
Determination of indoor position based on fine time measurement (FTM) of the round trip time (RTT) of a signal between an initiator (smartphone) and a responder (Wi-Fi access point) enables a number of applications. However, the accuracy currently at...
“Smart” devices, such as contemporary smartphones and PDAs (Personal Digital Assistance), play a significant role in our daily live, be it for navigation or location-based services (LBSs). In this paper, the use of Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) a...
The IEEE 802.11mc WiFi standard provides a protocol for a cellphone to measure its distance from WiFi access points (APs). The position of the cellphone can then be estimated from the reported distances using known positions of the APs. There are sev...
Message Queuing Telemetry Transport for Sensor Networks (MQTT-SN) and Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) are two protocols supporting publish/subscribe models for IoT devices to publish messages to interested subscribers. Retransmission mechanis...
Indoor positioning poses a number of challenges, especially in large and complex buildings. Several effects, such as signal attenuation, signal fluctuations, interference, and multipath play a decisive role in signal propagation. The severity of each...
The rapid convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and 5G communication has positioned extended reality (XR) as a core technology bridging the physical and virtual worlds. Encompassing virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR)...
Google proposed the bottleneck bandwidth and round-trip propagation time (BBR), which is a new congestion control algorithm. BBR creates a network path model by measuring the available bottleneck bandwidth and the minimum round-trip time (RTT) to max...
To alleviate the lower performance of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion control over complex network, especially the high latency and packet loss scenario, Google proposed the Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time (BBR) co...
There are workloads that do not need the total data ordering enforced by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). For example, Virtual Network Computing (VNC) has a sequence of pixel-based updates in which the order of rectangles can be relaxed. Howe...
Cross-border Fifth Generation Mobile Communication (5G) roaming requires secure N32 connections between network operators via Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) interfaces, but current Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.3 implementations face a crit...
Wireless networks, especially 5G and WiFi networks, have made great strides in increasing network bandwidth and coverage over the past decades. However, the mobility and channel conditions inherent to wireless networks have the potential to impair th...
Sharing bottleneck bandwidth among TCP flows with diverse round-trip times (RTTs) remains a persistent challenge. This study investigates RTT unfairness and evaluates the behavior of two widely deployed congestion control algorithms, TCP Cubic and TC...
Virtualization is a key technology for mobile cloud computing (MCC) and the virtual machine (VM) is a core component of virtualization. VM provides a relatively independent running environment for different applications. Therefore, the VM placement p...
Currently, the most widely used protocol for the transportation layer of computer networks for reliable transportation is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). However, TCP has some problems such as high handshake delay, head-of-line (HOL) blockin...
Researchers have explored multiple Wi-Fi features to estimate user locations in indoor environments in the past decade, such as Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), Channel State Information (CSI), Time of Arrival (TOA), and Angle of Arrive (A...
Networked microgrids (NMG) are gaining popularity as an example of smart grids (SG), where power networks are integrated with communication technologies. Communication technologies enable NMGs to be monitored and controlled via communication networks...
Dynamic blockage of radio propagation paths between the user equipment (UE) and the 5G New Radio (NR) Base Station (BS) induces abrupt rate fluctuations that may lead to sub-optimal performance of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) protocol. In...
Monitoring of personal exposure to hazardous substances has garnered increasing attention over the past few years. However, no straightforward and exact indoor positioning technique has been available until the recent discovery of Wi-Fi round trip ti...
In order to solve the congestion problem caused by the dramatic growth of traffic in data centers, many end-to-end congestion controls have been proposed to respond to congestion in one round-trip time (RTT). In this paper, we propose a new congestio...
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) serves as a cornerstone mechanism for implementing Congestion Control (CC) across the Internet. Designing a solution that provides high bandwidth utilization and mitigates the phenomenon of bufferbloat across a...
High-precision indoor positioning is essential for various applications, such as the Internet of Things, robotics, and smart manufacturing, requiring accuracy better than 1 m. Conventional indoor positioning methods, like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth fingerpri...
In recent years, the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol has enjoyed rapid growth as a security protocol for the Internet of Things (IoT). In its newest iteration, TLS 1.3, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has standardized a zero round-...
The rapid development of wireless network technology and the continuous evolution of network service demands have raised higher requirements for congestion control algorithms. In 2016, Google proposed the Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagati...
Received signal strength (RSS) has been one of the most used observables for location purposes due to its availability at almost every wireless device. However, the volatile nature of RSS tends to yield to non-reliable location solutions. IEEE 802.11...
This study aims to explore the communication capabilities for video crucial applications of two commercial drones—the Parrot AR.Drone 2.0 and the Parrot Anafi—in a greenhouse environment. Experiments were conducted on Received Signal Stre...
With the increasing level of industrial informatization, massive industrial data require real-time and high-fidelity wireless transmission. Although some industrial wireless network protocols have been designed over the last few decades, most of them...
A long interactive TCP connection chain has been widely used by attackers to launch their attacks and thus avoid detection. The longer a connection chain, the higher the probability the chain is exploited by attackers. Round-trip Time (RTT) can repre...
We introduce optimization through protocol selection (OPS) as a technique to improve bulk-data transfer on shared wide-area networks (WANs). Instead of just fine-tuning the parameters of a network protocol, our empirical results show that the selecti...
A core problem relating to indoor positioning is a lack of prior knowledge of the environment. To date, most WiFi–RTT research assumes knowledge of the access points in an indoor environment. This paper provides a solution to this problem by us...
The presence of malevolent nodes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) would lead to genuine security concerns. These nodes may disturb the routing process or deform the pattern of the data packets passing through the network. The MANET is extremely lia...
The fifth generation (5G) cellular communication system is designed to support Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA), Round-Trip Time (RTT), and Direction of Arrival (DOA) measurements for indoor positioning. To mitigate the positioning error caused by n...
IPv6 is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), which can solve the problem of IPv4 address exhaustion and allow the growth of the Internet (particularly in the era of the Internet of Things). IPv6 networks have been deployed for more...
This paper explores a stochastic model of noisy observations with a sparse true signal structure. Such models arise in a wide range of applications, including signal processing, anomaly detection, and performance monitoring in telecommunication netwo...
In 2016, Google proposed a congestion control algorithm based on bottleneck bandwidth and round-trip propagation time (BBR). The BBR congestion control algorithm measures the network bottleneck bandwidth and minimum delay in real-time to calculate th...
V2X communication is susceptible to attenuation and fading caused by external interference. This interference often leads to bit error and poor quality and stability of the wireless link, and it can easily disrupt packet transmission. In order to enh...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are vulnerable to various security threats. One of the most common types of vulnerability threat is the jamming attack, where the attacker uses the same frequency signals to jam the network transmission. In this paper,...
With the advances in networking technologies, robots can use the almost unlimited resources of large data centers, overcoming the severe limitations imposed by onboard resources: this is the vision of Cloud Robotics. In this context, we present DewRO...
This paper aims to develop an open Asset Administration Shell (AAS) solution for 5G Non-Public Network (NPN) management, focusing on manufacturing digitization and complete Information and Operational Technology (IT/OT) convergence. The proposed 5G N...
WiFi Round Trip Time (RTT) unlocks meter level accuracies in user terminal positions where no other navigation systems, such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), are able to (e.g., indoors). However, little has been done so far to obtain a...
The 5th Generation Mobile Communication (5G) plays a significant role in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), facilitating significant improvements and innovations in various fields. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is currently stand...
User location has emerged as a pivotal factor in human-centered environments, driving applications like tracking, navigation, healthcare, and emergency response that align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, accurate indoor localizati...
We propose a modeling approach for position estimation based on the observed radio propagation in an environment. The approach is purely similarity-based and therefore free of explicit physical assumptions. What distinguishes it from classical relate...
Global climate change originates frequent floods that may cause severe damage, justifying the need for real-time remote monitoring and alerting systems. Several works deal with LoRa (Long Range) communications over land and in the presence of obstacl...
Multimedia services will play a prominent role in the next generation of internet. With increasing real time requirements, internet technology has to provide Quality of Service (QoS) for various kinds of real time streaming services. When the bandwid...
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