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471 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,533 Views
22 Pages

15 April 2020

Private enterprises are major contributors to China’s market economy. In order to ensure the sustainability of economic development, China pays more attention to the role of science and technology in promoting the sustainability of the private...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,891 Views
15 Pages

13 April 2020

To investigate Chinese enterprises’ innovation quality and examine how it is determined by the enterprise ownership, this paper uses about 73.8 thousand invention patents applied by Chinese enterprises during 1985–2011 in estimating paten...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,458 Views
13 Pages

The high risk of financing, building, and operating Public–private partnerships (PPPs) often results from the event that participants can barely obtain expected economic returns, thus inhibiting private enterprises’ willingness to partici...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,749 Views
10 Pages

28 August 2021

The paper analyzes the impact of institutions on the labor productivity of small and medium-sized private enterprises through the spillover effect from state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The authors used data samples from three datasets: (i) The Annual...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,139 Views
18 Pages

Public–private partnership (PPP) projects have been widely applied in infrastructure construction. Leveraging private capital is the key to promoting the high-quality development of PPP projects. This study examines the combined effect of seven...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,143 Views
24 Pages

23 April 2025

In the context of Chinese-style modernization, the promotion of comprehensive green development within the economy is a crucial aspect of achieving high-quality development. The private economy plays an irreplaceable role in China’s economic fr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,561 Views
24 Pages

16 July 2025

To promote the deepening of reform and the effective implementation of policies, the State Council launched the special supervision of the liquidation of local governments’ arrears in project funds in 2016, which supports the optimization of th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,553 Views
11 Pages

17 November 2023

The innovation of private enterprises plays a crucial role. This study focuses on the impacts of market information asymmetry, the technology spillover effect, and the order of innovation research and development (R&D) decisions on the evolution...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
6,784 Views
16 Pages

This study examines the individual and workplace factors related to depression and stress in a large privately owned enterprise in China. The cross-sectional study design involved 13 privately owned retail enterprises in China. A self-report survey w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,856 Views
21 Pages

30 July 2023

As the market subject of China’s economic development, private enterprises play an important role in fighting against pollution and solving ecological and environmental problems. It is especially important to evaluate the green development prog...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
3,299 Views
16 Pages

28 January 2023

Private construction businesses have grown quickly, greatly boosting China’s economic growth; nonetheless, these businesses suffer tremendous developmental uncertainty, particularly when compared to larger state-owned businesses. The traits of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
488 Views
22 Pages

17 October 2025

Against the backdrop of intensifying global technological competition and the deepening of the national innovation-driven strategy, private technology enterprises, as the core entities of technological innovation, have their sustainable innovation dy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,485 Views
30 Pages

7 December 2022

As the grassroots-party organizations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) are increasingly involved in the governance of private-owned enterprises (POEs), whether this new pattern promotes corporate innovation is still a research gap. Therefore, ba...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,912 Views
25 Pages

8 November 2022

To improve the implementation effect of farmland consolidation (FC) and promote the development of agricultural modernization, the Chinese government has vigorously promoted the application of the public-private-partnership for farmland consolidation...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,479 Views
14 Pages

4 August 2023

This study investigates the homophily effect in corporate information disclosure, specifically focusing on executive social networks. We analyze data from 385 privately listed companies in China’s Growth Enterprise Market between 2018 and 2021....

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
275 Views
36 Pages

16 December 2025

Leveraging the exogenous shock of Chinese commercial banks’ adoption of the United Nations Principles for Responsible Banking (UNPRB) as a quasi-natural experiment, this study employs a Time-Varying Difference-in-Differences (TV-DID) approach t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,666 Views
22 Pages

25 May 2023

Private enterprise governance is influenced by how status is perceived by business owners. In this essay, the role of business owners’ subjective statuses on their decisions on pollution control is discussed, along with social-psychology-based...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,467 Views
16 Pages

14 May 2022

This article attempts to evaluate the comparative socioeconomic benefits of funding performance-based private sector social enterprises and posits that the social rate of return of such investments is significant and exceeds expectations for similar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,856 Views
23 Pages

10 January 2022

An imbalanced distribution of income and welfare characterizes a developing or transitional economy such as China’s. Even after forty years of reform and rapid economic growth, there is still considerable disparity in wellbeing across different...

  • Article
  • Open Access
53 Citations
8,296 Views
18 Pages

Sources of SMEs Financing and Their Impact on Economic Growth across the European Union: Insights from a Panel Data Study Spanning Sixteen Years

  • Larissa M. Batrancea,
  • Mehmet Ali Balcı,
  • Leontina Chermezan,
  • Ömer Akgüller,
  • Ema Speranta Masca and
  • Lucian Gaban

18 November 2022

Getting access to sufficient funding is the keystone for the development of any business, but especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). These economic entities are crucial players in the global economy since they include almost 90% of compa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
15,357 Views
25 Pages

Zero Trust VPN (ZT-VPN): A Systematic Literature Review and Cybersecurity Framework for Hybrid and Remote Work

  • Syed Muhammad Zohaib,
  • Syed Muhammad Sajjad,
  • Zafar Iqbal,
  • Muhammad Yousaf,
  • Muhammad Haseeb and
  • Zia Muhammad

17 November 2024

Modern organizations have migrated from localized physical offices to work-from-home environments. This surge in remote work culture has exponentially increased the demand for and usage of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), which permit remote employee...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,164 Views
14 Pages

1 September 2025

This study investigated safety management performance in small- and medium-sized private coal mining enterprises (SMPCMEs) through an integrated application of the 24Model accident causation theory and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQC...

  • Review
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,464 Views
15 Pages

Small and Medium Enterprises’ Perspectives on Food Fortification Amid the Growing Burden of Malnutrition

  • Jimena Monroy-Gomez,
  • Chiara Ferraboschi,
  • Kesso Gabrielle van Zutphen,
  • Breda Gavin-Smith,
  • Daniel Amanquah and
  • Klaus Kraemer

16 September 2022

The need for a profound food system transformation has never been greater. The growing burden of malnutrition has become the new normal, with two billion people who are overweight, over 140 million children under five who are stunted and over two bil...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
14,658 Views
21 Pages

On the Differential Analysis of Enterprise Valuation Methods as a Guideline for Unlisted Companies Assessment (I): Empowering Discounted Cash Flow Valuation

  • Germania Vayas-Ortega,
  • Cristina Soguero-Ruiz,
  • José-Luis Rojo-Álvarez and
  • Francisco-Javier Gimeno-Blanes

25 August 2020

The Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method is probably the most extended approach used in company valuation, its main drawbacks being probably the known extreme sensitivity to key variables such as Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) and Free Cash Flo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,840 Views
29 Pages

18 January 2025

In response to the increasing global emphasis on environmental accountability, the issue of greenwashing requires urgent resolution. This research investigates how state ownership affects greenwashing behaviors in Chinese A-share private companies ov...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,536 Views
39 Pages

17 August 2025

Carbon emission reduction serves as a pivotal strategy for advancing global environmental quality and sustainable socioeconomic development. Private enterprises serve as the primary contributors to industrial carbon emissions. Their low-carbon transi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,957 Views
18 Pages

3 March 2020

Innovative service delivery models are attempting to more consistently provide clean water to communities in developing countries. It is imperative that these approaches be evaluated for their performance in these contexts while understating potentia...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,895 Views
21 Pages

25 May 2023

To achieve carbon neutrality, China is working toward a green transition where a key focus is to promote green innovation among privately-owned enterprises (POEs). Reverse mixed ownership reform, represented by the participation of state-owned capita...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
849 Views
26 Pages

15 October 2025

Green innovation (GI) plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainable transformation. To implement the concept of green development, China is vigorously advancing green innovation adoption (GIA). Although prior research has largely focused on the manuf...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,309 Views
21 Pages

23 April 2022

Innovation is an important driving force for realizing high-quality economic development, which puts forward higher requirements for environmental protection enterprises to meet the dual goals of economic development and ecological protection. In ord...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,920 Views
28 Pages

27 November 2023

A number of studies have confirmed the Porter hypothesis that moderate environmental regulation can facilitate the adoption of green technology innovation strategies by cooperatives. However, the existing research has not clearly analyzed the paths o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,806 Views
37 Pages

2 July 2024

The growing prominence of global warming has led to a worldwide consensus on the need to reduce carbon emissions. Employing a sample of private industrial enterprises listed on the Chinese stock market from 2008 to 2021, this study explores the effec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,081 Views
20 Pages

Exploring PPPs in Support of Fit-for-Purpose Land Administration: A Case Study from Côte d’Ivoire

  • Ana García-Morán,
  • Simon Ulvund,
  • Eva-Maria Unger and
  • Rohan Mark Bennett

25 August 2021

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) may facilitate the implementation of fit-for-purpose land administration (FFPLA); however, the approach can be compromised when funding for land registration is insufficient or donor projects end. This paper aims to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,909 Views
16 Pages

Ukrainian Migrants in Poland and the Role of an Employer as the Channel of Information during the COVID-19 Pandemic

  • Anita Adamczyk,
  • Monika Trojanowska-Strzęboszewska,
  • Dorota Kowalewska and
  • Robert Bartłomiejski

28 April 2022

This paper examines communication processes between state institutions and migrants under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to determine where migrants obtain their information on specific legal regulations and restrictions on rules of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
7,299 Views
17 Pages

12 October 2022

(1) Background: This paper explores different ERP systems used in the supply chains of humanitarian and private sectors and their key impacts on supply chain performance. The study examined 19 potential impacts from the published literature from 2015...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
7,147 Views
22 Pages

Financial derivatives have been increasingly used by firms to hedge against financial risks. However, it is still not clear what factors at the firm level lead to firms’ derivative use and whether derivative use can generate performance improvement,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,310 Views
19 Pages

9 December 2023

Since their birth in the 1990s, social enterprises, as a kind of third-party organization with the attributes of both a not-for-profit entity and a profit-making enterprise, have played a significant role in the socio-economic development of cities,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,358 Views
22 Pages

28 January 2023

Technical efficiency (TE) and total factor productivity (TFP) are important criteria to ensure the enhancement of the quality and efficiency of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and function as important indicators to assess the quality of their accompl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,448 Views
13 Pages

High-tech enterprises play an important role in leading the future industrial transformation, and their sustainable development deserves attention. Using data of 263 high-tech listed firms in China, we explore the impact of environmental tax on corpo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,138 Views
16 Pages

26 January 2024

Policy guidance is a key driving force for improving the business performance of marine resource enterprises. This study establishes a DEA-fsQCA model, selects 42 listed marine resource enterprises as samples, analyzes the business performance improv...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,467 Views
17 Pages

29 July 2021

This paper aims to analyze the financial and operational approach to land regularization and financing used in Brazil by an innovative private social enterprise in order to demonstrate that the approach widens the concept fit-for-purpose land regular...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,832 Views
16 Pages

23 May 2021

This article studies how the allocation structure of bank credit capital between state-owned and private enterprises and government environmental expenditures affect environmental pollution in China. The present literature argues that credit allocati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
88 Citations
12,963 Views
20 Pages

27 June 2018

Government subsidies as a policy instrument are used to alleviate market failure in research and development (R&D) activities. We aim to understand the influence of government subsidies on enterprises’ R&D investment and performance. We...

  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
4,472 Views
16 Pages

Green innovation is vital for manufacturing enterprises to achieve a balance between economic, environmental and social benefits. This paper empirically investigates the mechanisms of government subsidies, R&D investment and public participatory...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,211 Views
13 Pages

27 December 2022

Under the background of government-oriented environmental governance in China, the environmental effect of local official turnover has become an important issue. How to improve governmental governance is an important issue that profoundly affects loc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,907 Views
19 Pages

16 November 2018

Combining resource-based theory and social exchange theory, this paper studies the role that political connections play in maintaining the sustainability of enterprises’ R&D investment. Furthermore, this paper discusses the moderating effec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,437 Views
23 Pages

22 August 2025

We investigate whether and how the policy of establishing green finance pilot zones affects corporate environmental performance in China, by employing the DID model and taking 2324 Chinese A-share listed companies as the empirical sample. The main fi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,826 Views
23 Pages

13 May 2024

Logistics companies are increasingly adopting private blockchains for enhanced data management because of the trends in cooperation. Nevertheless, this practice poses new challenges concerning the security and sharing of data. The real-time nature an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
5,957 Views
19 Pages

Influence of Ownership Structure on the Determinants of Effective Tax Rates of Spanish Companies

  • Elena Fernández-Rodríguez,
  • Roberto García-Fernández and
  • Antonio Martínez-Arias

8 March 2019

This paper examines the effect of state ownership on the effective tax rates of Spanish companies. Using information regarding 3169 companies during the period of 2008–2014, we show that there are significant differences between the tax burdens...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,630 Views
19 Pages

2 September 2024

Enterprises are not only the main source of energy consumption and pollution emissions but also a key force in environmental governance. There is no doubt that the positive impact of enterprise environmental protection investment (EPI) on other stake...

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