287 Results Found

The risks of secondary cancers associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are as much as three times higher for survivors of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult cancer (PYAC) compared to the general population. Despite this, HPV vaccinat...

Background: Cancer Registries (CRs) remain the gold standard for providing official epidemiological estimations. However, due to CRs’ partial population coverage, hospitalization records might represent a valuable tool to provide additional informati...

Background/Objectives: Thyroid cancer incidence has risen in both the United States and Canada, despite differing healthcare systems. While overdiagnosis likely partly explains this trend in adults, its impact on younger populations is unclear. We us...

Genetic histone variants have been implicated in cancer development and progression. Mutations affecting the histone 3 (H3) family, H3.1 (encoded by HIST1H3B and HIST1H3C) and H3.3 (encoded by H3F3A), are mainly associated with pediatric brain cancer...

Background/Objectives: Biofeedback interventions are increasingly utilized in pediatric and adult care, with evidence in treating specific medical conditions and specific symptoms. However, evidence supporting their efficacy among children and adoles...

Background: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients, including those with hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplants. While adult IA has been well characterized, data on pediatri...

Cancer is a leading cause of death by disease in children and the second most prevalent of all causes in adults. Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) make up 0.5% of pediatric malignancies, 14% of adolescent malignancies, and are the most common of ma...

Background: Pediatric oncological diagnoses and treatments pose complex biopsychosocial challenges for both patients and their families. These experiences can significantly disrupt daily life, evoke intense emotional responses, and raise concerns abo...

The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of numerous biologically relevant elements. One of the most important components of the TME is the extracellular matrix (ECM). The compounds of the ECM create a network that provides structural and biochemica...

Ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCTs) are rare in adults; indeed, they occur predominantly in children, adolescents, and young adults, and they account for approximately 11% of cancer diagnoses in these groups. Because OGCTs are rare tumors, our current u...

Background: The optimization of treatment for pediatric cancer has increased 5-year survivor rates to over 80%. Currently, there are almost half a million survivors of a pediatric cancer alive in the United States, with numbers increasing worldwide....

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase over-expressed and activated in both adult and pediatric cancers, where it plays important roles in the regulation of pathogenesis and progression of the malignant phenotype. FAK exerts it...

Sarcopenia (SP) is a syndrome characterized by age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. SP worsens both acute and late radiation-induced toxicity, prognosis, and quality of life. Myosteatosis is a pathological infiltration of muscle...

Emotion dysregulation is regarded as a driving mechanism for the development of mental health problems and psychopathology. The role of emotion regulation (ER) in the management of cancer distress and quality of life (QoL) has recently been recognize...

Effective communication is integral to patient and family-centered care in pediatric and adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology and improving healthcare delivery and outcomes. There is limited knowledge about whether AYAs and parents have similar...

A letter to the IJERPH Editor was submitted by Terracini B. et al. as a comment to our latest paper “Hospitalizations in Pediatric and Adult Patients for all Cancer Type in Italy:[...]

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the development, progression, and treatment response of pediatric cancers, yet remains less elucidated compared to adult malignancies. Pediatric tumors are unique with a low mutational burde...

Background: This study aimed at evaluating apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the pre-treatment stages of NPC for establishing comparative quantitative parameters between children and adolescents compared...

This study investigated the potential of the metaverse in providing psychological support for pediatric and AYA cancer patients, with a focus on those with rare cancers. The research involved ten cancer patients and survivors from four distinct regio...

Background: The effect of lifestyle on neurocognitive impairment among cancer survivors remain an understudied area. This study explored the association between lifestyle factors and neurocognitive outcomes (specifically, attention, memory, processin...

Sleep disturbances represent an understudied yet common source of distress among pediatric cancer patients and survivors, with deleterious effects on quality of life. Sleep issues stem from multiple risk factors, yet individual contributors are diffi...

Parental environmental experiences affect disease susceptibility in the progeny through epigenetic inheritance. Pesticides are substances or mixtures of chemicals—some of which are persistent environmental pollutants—that are used to cont...

Background/Objectives: High-quality prognostic communication in pediatric oncology is essential to support informed decision making, foster trust, and honor goals of care. While families differ in their preferences for how prognosis is discussed, cli...

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) form a subgroup of patients whose optimal clinical management and best possible access to care remain a challenge and whose survival rates lag behind that of children diagnosed with histo...

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children and young adults. Treatment is long and involves 2–3 years of a prolonged maintenance phase composed of oral chemotherapies. Adherence to these medications is critical...

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly heterogenic and malignant brain tumour with a median survival of 15 months. The initial identification of primary glioblastomas is often challenging. Coronin 1C (CORO1C) is a key player in actin rearrangement...

Inflammation plays a crucial role in wound healing and the host immune response following pathogenic invasion. However, unresolved chronic inflammation can result in tissue fibrosis and genetic alterations that contribute to the pathogenesis of human...

Thyroid cancer is a rare malignancy in the pediatric population that is highly associated with disease aggressiveness and advanced disease stages when compared to adult population. The biological and molecular features underlying pediatric and adult...

Thyroid cancer is rare in the pediatric population, but thyroid carcinomas occurring in children carry a unique set of clinical, pathologic, and molecular characteristics. In comparison to adults, children more often present with aggressive, advanced...

This literature review examines the use of interventional treatments for pain management in pediatric cancer patients. While interventional procedures may be effective in cancer pain management, these procedures are infrequently employed in pediatric...

A growing body of recent work suggests the possibility of heterogeneous ribosomal composition. We recently observed subtype-specific mRNA and copy number variation signatures of human ribosomal proteins (RPs) in cancers from human adults, but whether...

The knowledge surrounding the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of pediatric cancers is continuously expanding and evolving. These therapies work by enhancing the body’s natural immune response against tumors,...

Pediatric thyroid cancer is rare, but increasing in annual incidence. Differentiated thyroid cancer in pediatric patients is treated surgically. Pediatric thyroidectomies are performed by general surgeons, otolaryngologists, general pediatric surgeon...

Dendritic cell-based and other vaccination strategies that use the patient’s own immune system for the treatment of cancer are gaining momentum. Most studies of therapeutic cancer vaccination have been performed in adults. However, since cancer...

Pediatric renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare type of kidney cancer, most commonly occurring in teenagers and young adolescents. Few relatively large series of pediatric RCC have been reported. Knowledge of clinical characteristics, outcome and trea...

Recently, a subpopulation of cells, termed tumor-initiating cells or tumor stem cells (TSC), has been identified in many different types of solid tumors. These TSC, which are typically more resistant to chemotherapy and radiation compared to other tu...

In Minnesota, medical cannabis was approved for use in 2014. From July 2015 to February 2019, our center certified 103 pediatric and young adult patients for the use of medical cannabis under the qualifying conditions of cancer and treatment-related...

Over the past decades, several study programs have conducted genetic testing in cancer patients to identify potential genetic targets for the development of precision therapeutic strategies. These biomarker-driven trials have demonstrated improved cl...

In the “Epikit study” [1], P. Piscitelli with 27 co-authors from 20 scientific institutions estimated the absolute number of hospital admissions for newly diagnosed cancer in people aged 0–19 in Italian provinces and regions in 2007–2011.[...]

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a relatively new class of immunotherapy which bolsters the host immune system by “turning off the brakes” of effector cells (e.g., CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1). Although their success in treating adult mali...

Febrile episodes and infections represent important complications during antineoplastic chemotherapy for pediatric neoplastic diseases. In the last years many international association published guidelines for the management of these complications in...

Malignant bone tumors are commonly classified as pediatric or adolescent malignancies, and clinical trials for these diseases have generally focused on these populations. Of primary bone cancers, osteosarcoma is among the most common. Osteosarcoma ha...

Telomere length has been proposed as a biomarker of biological age and a risk factor for age-related diseases and cancer. Substantial progress has been made in recent decades in understanding the complex molecular relationships in this research field...

Background: Salivary gland neoplasms are uncommon in both pediatric and adult populations. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is one of the most common salivary gland tumors and usually presents with atypical clinical features. This study sought to evalu...

The antineoplastic effects of cannabis have been known since 1975. Since the identification of the components of the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) in the 1990s, research into the potential of cannabinoids as medicine has exploded, including in...

Cannabinoids are a group of chemicals that bind to receptors in the human body and, in turn, modulate the endocannabinoid system (ECS). They can be endogenously produced, synthetic, or derived from the plant Cannabis sativa L. Research over the past...

Precision oncologic medicine is an emerging approach for cancer treatment that has recently taken giant steps in solid clinical practice. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics that can analyze the individual tumor’s variability in genes have...

The collection of papers in this Special Issue entitled “Frailty in Pediatric and Young Adult Cancer Survivors: from bench to bedside” includes six interesting articles (five reviews and one single-center retrospective longitudinal cohort...

Cancer therapy remains a challenge due to toxicity limitations of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Oncolytic viruses that selectively replicate and destroy cancer cells are of increasing interest. In addition to direct cell lysis, these vectors st...

Despite advances in their diagnosis and treatment, pediatric cancers remain among the leading causes of death in childhood. The development of immunotherapies and other forms of targeted therapies has significantly changed the prognosis of some previ...