45 Results Found

With the depletion of fossil fuel energy and both the slow development and low utilization rate of new eco-friendly energy, finding new ways to efficiently store energy has become a research hotspot. Presently, polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an excelle...

Herein, a simple and environment-friendly method of coupling agent treatment of APP (ammonium polyphosphate) is provided and an optimum process of modification via coupling agent is identified. The effects of coupling agent type, dosage, modification...

A novel diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) modified ammonium polyphosphate (APP) flame retardant, DDP, was successfully synthesized via ion-exchange reaction. DDP was introduced into epoxy resins (EPs) to reduce flammability. A comparable level of DDP exer...

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was modified with a silane coupling agent (vinyltrimethoxysilane, Si-171), and then the synergistic flame retarding effect of graphene and surface-modified APP (APP@Si-171) on high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) was investigat...

Ethylenediamine modified Ammonium polyphosphate (EDA-MAPP), and Charring-Foaming Agents (CFA) was prepared via a simple chemical approach and further utilizes for the preparation of Epoxy resin based intumescent flame retardation coatings. The ratio...

Modified ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) was prepared as a novel mono-component intumescent flame retardant (IFR) via the ionic exchange between ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and piperazine sulfonate, which is synthesized by self-assembly using 1-(2-ami...

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and self-made nickel phytate (PANi) were used as modified materials to prepare green biomass rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF). The flame retardancy, thermal stability, smoke toxicity and mechanical properties of the modifie...

In this study, rice husk (RH, 15wt%) served as a carbonizing agent, and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) served as an acid and gas source. These were combined with polylactic acid (PLA) to develop a high-strength and flame-retardant PLA-based composite....

To achieve the requirements of modified bismaleimide resin composites in electronic industry and high energy storage devices, flame retardancy, water resistance and dielectric properties must be improved. Hence, a highly efficient multifunctional gra...

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was successfully modified by a titanate coupling agent which was compounded with benzoxazine (BOZ) and melamine (ME) to become a new type of intumescent flame retardant (Ti-IFR). Ti-IFR and CaCO3 as synergists were utiliz...

The search for a straightforward method to obtain efficient, affordable, and long-lasting flame retardants with both desirable flame-retardant and mechanical properties for polyurethane (PU) composites remains a significant challenge. In this study,...

A unique hybridized intumescent flame retardant named reduced-graphene-oxide-modified ammonium polyphosphate (RGO-APP) was successfully synthesized via the simple hydrothermal method and reduced process. Then, the obtained RGO-APP was applied in epox...

The current study aims at comparatively investigating the effect of apparent density on flame retardancy, thermal degradation and combustion behaviors of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), RPUF/ expandable graphite (EG) and RPUF/ ammonium polyphosphate...

Developing flame-retarded styrene-acrylic emulsion (SAE) based damping composites is a challenging task because of their very high flammability. A promising approach is the synergistic combination of expandable graphite (EG) and ammonium polyphosphat...

In this work, intumescent coatings were prepared for protection of wood from fire. The fire-retardant chemical ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is known to have poor resistance to water and high humidity as it is hygroscopic in nature. To improve the wat...

To investigate the fire prevention and suppression characteristics of coal gangue slurry grouting in goafs and the enhanced regulatory mechanisms of additives, the slurry-forming performance of coal gangue slurry was tested. The effects of heating te...

The influence of basic components of intumescent paint on fire protection properties is studied. The resulting changes in properties are assessed by the intumescence coefficient and thermal analysis data. Influence of the binder polymer composition o...

This study developed a novel waste rubber powder modified high-modulus asphalt based on composite modification technology. The preparation process was determined by orthogonal tests, and the mechanical properties of modified high-modulus asphalt were...

The flame retardancy of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) correlates with their structure and dispersion in a polymeric matrix. To improve the flame retardant effectiveness of Mg-Al LDH in polyethylene (PE), 2-carboxy ethyl (phenyl) phosphinic acid (C...

Intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) coatings have been gaining more attention. The behaviors of intumescent char in IFR coatings play the most important role in its flame-retardant properties. However, the evolution of intumescent char throughout the w...

Intumescent flame retardants (IFR) are an excellent solution to the problem of easy combustion of polymers. Still, the negative effect of the addition of flame retardants is the decline of the mechanical properties of polymers. In this context, carbo...

An ammonium polyphosphate (APP) surface-modified by silane coupling agent was used as flame retardant in high-impact polystyrene (HIPS). A series of HIPS nanocomposites containing different mass fractions of APP (k-APP) surface-modified by silane cou...

Due to their ability to prevent or slow the spread of fires, fire-retardant coatings are utilized as the main means of fire protection for steel structures, combining easy application and high economic efficiency. This study investigates the effects...

Organic modified kaolinite-urea intercalation complex (KUIC) was prepared using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the precursor of kaolinite intercalation. Its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). S...

Biodegradable polylactide (PLA) has been widely utilized in people’s daily lives. In order to improve the fire safety of PLA, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was self-assembled onto the surface of serpentine Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 through the electrostatic...

A comparative study between graphene and modified graphene oxide (mGO) on the flame retardancy of graphite doped intumescent flame retardant (IFR) coatings is preliminarily investigated by cone calorimeter (CC), XRD, and SEM, with the final aim of cl...

Lignin can be a candidate as a charring agent applied in halogen-free flame retardant polymers, and incorporation of silicon and nitrogen elements in lignin can benefit to enhancing its thermal stability and charring ability. In the present work, whe...

In this study, water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate- (APP) and methyl trimethoxysilane (MTMS)-modified industrial bamboo residue (IBR)-derived holocellulose nanofibrils (HCNF/APP/MTMS) were used as the raw materials to prepare aerogels in a freeze-dr...

A new intumescent flame-retardants (IFR) system including the charing-foaming agent (CFA), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and modified-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with different transition metals (Ni, Co, Cu) were used in the ethylene vinyl acetat...

Stearic acid was used to modify the surface of a mixed flame-retardant powder consisting of aluminum hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate by an uneven nucleation method, aiming to improve its dispersion in a vinyl resin matrix. This study investigate...

Phosphating sesbania gum (DESG) was obtained by modifying sesbania gum (SG) with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and endic anhydride (EA). The structure of DESG was determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectros...

The growing requirements regarding the safety of using polymers and their composites are related to the emergence of more effective, sustainable, and hazardous-limited fire retardants (FRs). Significant amounts of FRs are usually required to effectiv...

To address the challenge of balancing the mechanical, thermal insulation, and flame-retardant properties of building insulation materials, this study presented a facile approach to modify the rigid polyurethane foam composites (RPUFs) via commercial...

Ammonium-polyphosphate (APP) was modified by microencapsulation with a bio-based sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE)-type epoxy resin and used as a flame retardant additive in polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. The bioresin-encapsulated APP (MCAPP) particle...

Since rigid polyurethane (PU) foams are one of the most effective thermal insulation materials with widespread application, it is an urgent requirement to improve its fire retardancy and reduce the smoke emission. The current work assessed the fire b...

Flame-retardant water-blown rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) modified by ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and diethyl ethylphosphonate (DEEP) were synthesized by a one-pot free-rising method. We performed scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compression s...

Ethylenediamine modified ammonium polyphosphate (EDA-MAPP) and charring-foaming agents (CFA) were prepared using a simple chemical method and further used to make intumescent flame retardant coatings based on epoxy resin. The content of MAPP and CFA...

Polyamide 6 (PA6) is a widely-used polymer that could find applications in various sectors, including home textiles, transportation or construction. However, due to its organic nature, PA6 is flammable, and flame-retardant formulations have to be dev...

Cotton fabric, as an important material, is suffering from some defects such as flammability, easy pollution and so on; therefore, it is important to make a flame-retardant and superhydrophobic modification on cotton fabric. In this study, we demonst...

The global market for flame-retardant materials is expected to grow steadily, from USD 7.0 billion in 2022 to USD 16.6 billion in 2030, driven by increasing demand for environment-friendly fire safety solutions in transportation, construction, and el...

In order to investigate an influence of the B:Zn:H2O molar ratio on the fire protection efficiency of poly(vinyl acetate)-based thermoplastic intumescent coating materials (ICs), systems containing ammonium polyphosphate, melamine, pentaerythritol an...

Multifunctional road marking coatings with the functions of high-temperature stability, degradation of exhaust gas, and self-cleaning are of great significance for the safe operation and environmental protection of tunnels. This article uses active a...

Flame retardancy properties of neat PLA can be improved with different phosphorus-based flame retardants (FRs), however, developing flame retardant PLA-based engineering composites with maintained mechanical performance is still a challenge. This stu...

The present work deals with the preparation and characterization of fire-retardant acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) foams incorporating 25 wt% of a phosphorus flame-retardant (PFR) system formed by 50% of ammonium polyphosphate (APP)...

CaMgAl-layered double hydroxides (CaMgAl-LDHs) were synthesized by a co-precipitation method to prepare sodium oleate-modified, borate-intercalated CaMgAl-LDHs (O-CaMgAl-LDHs) using in-situ intercalation and modification, and the LDHs samples were ch...