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29 Results Found

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,559 Views
6 Pages

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus RNA Found in Frozen Goat’s Milk in a Family Outbreak

  • Eirini Mylonaki,
  • Michael Seiberl,
  • Neil Jones,
  • Heike Bernhard,
  • Ferdinand Otto,
  • Georg Pilz,
  • Eugen Trinka and
  • Peter Wipfler

1 October 2022

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is one of the commonest arthropod-borne viral diseases in Middle-East Europe and North Asia. The main reservoir of the virus is comprised of small rodents and domestic mammals with the common tick (Ixodes) being the usua...

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Genetics and Genomics)
  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,829 Views
12 Pages

Bulk Milk Tank Samples Are Suitable to Assess Circulation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in High Endemic Areas

  • Arnoldas Pautienius,
  • Gytis Dudas,
  • Evelina Simkute,
  • Juozas Grigas,
  • Indre Zakiene,
  • Algimantas Paulauskas,
  • Austeja Armonaite,
  • Dainius Zienius,
  • Evaldas Slyzius and
  • Arunas Stankevicius

5 September 2021

A reliable surveillance strategy of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is necessary to ensure adequate disease control measures. However, current approaches assessing geographical TBEV circulation are ineffective or have significant limitations. In...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Zoonotic Viral Diseases)
  • Review
  • Open Access
62 Citations
11,260 Views
15 Pages

Alimentary Infections by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus

  • Martina Ličková,
  • Sabína Fumačová Havlíková,
  • Monika Sláviková and
  • Boris Klempa

30 December 2021

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes serious the neurological disease, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). TBEV can be transmitted to humans by ticks as well as by the alimentary route, which is mediated through the consumption of raw milk products...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Virology Research in Slovakia)
  • Review
  • Open Access
31 Citations
6,697 Views
12 Pages

Food-Borne Transmission of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus—Spread, Consequences, and Prophylaxis

  • Alicja M. Buczek,
  • Weronika Buczek,
  • Alicja Buczek and
  • Joanna Wysokińska-Miszczuk

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the most common viral neurological disease in Eurasia. It is usually transmitted via tick bites but can also occur through ingestion of TBEV-infected milk and dairy products. The present paper summarises the knowledge...

(This article belongs to the Section Disease Prevention)
  • Commentary
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,774 Views
5 Pages

22 May 2025

The discovery that the Oropouche virus (OROV) can be transmitted vertically from an infected pregnant mother to the fetus, resulting in fetal and placental OROV infection, miscarriage, stillbirth, and congenital malformations including microcephaly,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oropouche Virus (OROV): An Emerging Peribunyavirus (Bunyavirus))
  • Review
  • Open Access
88 Citations
12,692 Views
13 Pages

23 September 2010

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), which was discovered as a milk‑transmitted, infectious cancer-inducing agent in the 1930s, has been used since that time as an animal model for the study of human breast cancer. Like other complex retroviruses, MMTV...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell Transformation by RNA Viruses)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,674 Views
9 Pages

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccination Protects from Alimentary TBE Infection: Results from an Alimentary Outbreak

  • Lidia Chitimia-Dobler,
  • Alexander Lindau,
  • Rainer Oehme,
  • Malena Bestehorn-Willmann,
  • Markus Antwerpen,
  • Marco Drehmann,
  • Thomas Hierl,
  • Ute Mackenstedt and
  • Gerhard Dobler

In May 2017, a hospitalized index case of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) was confirmed by Serology. The case was linked to alimentary infection by raw milk from a goat farm in the region of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, where no previous TBE c...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tick-Borne Encephalitis)
  • Case Report
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,559 Views
7 Pages

The Consumption of Raw Goat Milk Resulted in TBE in Patients in Poland, 2022 “Case Report”

  • Angelina Wójcik-Fatla,
  • Joanna Krzowska-Firych,
  • Krzysztof Czajka,
  • Joanna Nozdryn-Płotnicka and
  • Jacek Sroka

The alimentary route is the second most important route of tick-borne encephalitis infection. In Poland, the last TBE case due to the consumption of unpasteurized milk or dairy products of infected animals was recorded in 2017 as the fourth documente...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Animal Pathogens and Infections in Poland)
  • Review
  • Open Access
116 Citations
13,633 Views
17 Pages

Innovative Techniques of Processing Human Milk to Preserve Key Components

  • Aleksandra Wesolowska,
  • Elena Sinkiewicz-Darol,
  • Olga Barbarska,
  • Urszula Bernatowicz-Lojko,
  • Maria Katarzyna Borszewska-Kornacka and
  • Johannes B. van Goudoever

24 May 2019

Human milk not only contains all nutritional elements that an infant requires, but is also the source of components whose regulatory role was confirmed by demonstrating health-related deficiencies in formula-fed children. A human milk diet is especia...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,068 Views
15 Pages

Excretion of Cell-Free and Cell-Associated Zika Virus into Breast Milk of Infected Dams and Identification of Antiviral Factors

  • Sophie Desgraupes,
  • Patricia Jeannin,
  • Antoine Gessain,
  • Pierre-Emmanuel Ceccaldi and
  • Aurore Vidy

20 April 2022

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne RNA virus belonging to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. During the 60 years following its discovery in 1947, ZIKV caused little concern for public health as the associated infection was reported a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flaviviruses and Flavivirus Vaccines)
  • Review
  • Open Access
46 Citations
9,675 Views
13 Pages

Tick-Borne Encephalitis—Review of the Current Status

  • Malgorzata Kwasnik,
  • Jerzy Rola and
  • Wojciech Rozek

18 October 2023

The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the arboviral etiological agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), considered to be one of the most important tick-borne viral diseases in Europe and Asia. In recent years, an increase in the incidence of TB...

(This article belongs to the Section Infectious Diseases)
  • Article
  • Open Access
542 Views
16 Pages

Simulating the Transmission of Rift Valley Fever Virus via Raw Milk Consumption in Inter-Epidemic Periods

  • Esra Buyukcangaz,
  • Amna Tariq,
  • Victor Hugo Peña-García,
  • Donal Bisanzio,
  • Koree French,
  • Brian E. Dawes and
  • Angelle Desiree LaBeaud

13 August 2026

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic, vector-borne disease affecting livestock and humans. The consumption of raw unpasteurized milk has been epidemiologically linked to RVFV exposure in humans and recognized as a potentially important non-ve...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rift Valley Fever Virus: New Insights into a One Health Archetype)
  • Review
  • Open Access
47 Citations
8,614 Views
12 Pages

3 May 2019

Bovine ephemeral fever is an arthropod-borne viral disease affecting mainly domestic cattle and water buffalo. The etiological agent of this disease is bovine ephemeral fever virus, a member of the genus Ephemerovirus within the family Rhabdoviridae....

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virus-Vector-Host Interactions of Culicoides-Borne Diseases)
  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
6,973 Views
24 Pages

26 November 2019

Influenza virus infection is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in the pediatric and pregnant women populations, with deaths frequently caused by severe influenza-associated lower respiratory tract infection and acute respiratory dis...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influenza Virus and Vaccination)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,665 Views
19 Pages

Impact of BTV-3 Circulation in Belgium in 2024 and Current Knowledge Gaps Hindering an Evidence-Based Control Program

  • Virginie Van Leeuw,
  • Ilse De Leeuw,
  • Nicolas Degives,
  • Pieter Depoorter,
  • Jeroen Dewulf,
  • Jean-Baptiste Hanon,
  • Jozef Hooyberghs,
  • Annick Linden,
  • Laura Praet and
  • Nick De Regge
  • + 9 authors

3 April 2025

Between 2006 and 2010, northwestern Europe experienced its first significant bluetongue virus (BTV) outbreak, driven by the spread of BTV-8, which had major repercussions on the European livestock sector. While BTV-3 was first identified in Europe in...

(This article belongs to the Section Animal Viruses)
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,659 Views
12 Pages

Economic Aspects of Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF) Outbreaks in Dairy Cattle Herds

  • Yaniv Lavon,
  • Ephraim Ezra,
  • Orly Friedgut and
  • Adi Behar

8 November 2023

Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted by blood-feeding insects (mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges). While the dispersal of arboviral diseases such as bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) into naive area...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,446 Views
15 Pages

Clinical Presentation of Postnatally Acquired Cytomegalovirus Infection in Preterm Infants—A Case Series Report

  • Dobrochna Wojciechowska,
  • Dominika Galli,
  • Justyna Kowalczewska,
  • Tomasz Szczapa and
  • Katarzyna Ewa Wróblewska-Seniuk

Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of congenital and acquired viral infections in newborns. While acquired infections are often asymptomatic, premature infants—especially those born before 30 weeks of gestation or wit...

(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases)
  • Review
  • Open Access
64 Citations
9,955 Views
29 Pages

COVID-19 in Pregnant Women and Neonates: A Systematic Review of the Literature with Quality Assessment of the Studies

  • Giulia Trippella,
  • Martina Ciarcià,
  • Marta Ferrari,
  • Chiara Buzzatti,
  • Ilaria Maccora,
  • Chiara Azzari,
  • Carlo Dani,
  • Luisa Galli and
  • Elena Chiappini

The SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged in December 2019 and then spread globally. Little is still known about the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women and neonates. A review of the literature was performed according to the PRISMA guideline recommendations, sea...

(This article belongs to the Section Human Pathogens)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,358 Views
9 Pages

Early Life Factors Associated with Preschool Wheezing in Preterm Infants

  • Ying-Lun Hsu,
  • Hsin-Chun Huang,
  • Ting-Yu Su and
  • I-Lun Chen

26 August 2021

Advanced neonatal care has increased the survival of neonates born prematurely, and prematurity is a well-known risk factor for asthma/wheezing disorders. Thus, this prospective study aimed to determine the early life factors associated with preschoo...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,086 Views
27 Pages

The Silent Spillover Threat: Nipah Virus Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Advances in Therapeutics and Vaccine Development

  • Elli-Panagiota Magklara,
  • Maria Kkirgia,
  • Andreas G. Tsantes,
  • Petros Ioannou,
  • Alexandra Mpakosi,
  • Vasiliki Mougiou,
  • Zoi Iliodromiti,
  • Theodora Boutsikou,
  • Nicoletta Iacovidou and
  • Rozeta Sokou

Nipah virus (NiV) is an animal-borne RNA virus of the genus Henipavirus that poses a significant global health threat. This threat is driven by the virus’s high mortality rate, its capacity to cause epidemics, and the lack of licensed therapeut...

(This article belongs to the Section Virology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
6,961 Views
35 Pages

First Expert Elicitation of Knowledge on Possible Drivers of Observed Increasing Human Cases of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Europe

  • Claude Saegerman,
  • Marie-France Humblet,
  • Marc Leandri,
  • Gaëlle Gonzalez,
  • Paul Heyman,
  • Hein Sprong,
  • Monique L’Hostis,
  • Sara Moutailler,
  • Sarah I. Bonnet and
  • Bethan Purse
  • + 34 authors

20 March 2023

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral disease endemic in Eurasia. The virus is mainly transmitted to humans via ticks and occasionally via the consumption of unpasteurized milk products. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control repor...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zoonotic Viral Diseases: Drivers, Causes, Prevention and Cure)
  • Communication
  • Open Access
1,599 Views
7 Pages

A Household Cluster of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Belgium in 2025: Is the Epidemiology Evolving?

  • Hélène Boogaerts,
  • Janne Tollenaere,
  • Kim Bekelaar,
  • Els Oris,
  • Sarah Resseler,
  • Baptist Declerck,
  • Dorien Van den Bossche,
  • Marjan Van Esbroeck and
  • Deborah Steensels

23 April 2026

Despite serological evidence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) circulation in Belgian animals since 2007, confirmed autochthonous human infection was only first documented in 2020. We review the current national epidemiologic situation and inve...

(This article belongs to the Section Human Virology and Viral Diseases)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,710 Views
13 Pages

Correlation Between West Nile Virus and Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

  • Maria Marnezi,
  • Aristotelis Tsiakalos and
  • Karolina Akinosoglou

20 December 2024

Background: West Nile Virus [WNV] is a mosquito-borne flavivirus. It has spread globally, causing asymptomatic to severe neurological diseases in humans, with an increased risk in older adults and those with underlying conditions. This review examine...

(This article belongs to the Section Viral Pathogens)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,475 Views
14 Pages

Expert Elicitation on Exposure to Tick Bites and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Risk in Occupational and Recreational Forest Activities

  • Claude Saegerman,
  • Elsa Quillery,
  • Marc Leandri,
  • Véronique Raimond,
  • Pauline Kooh,
  • Philippe Fravalo,
  • Thierry Hoch,
  • Yves Hansman and
  • Nathalie Boulanger

8 January 2026

Background: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus is transmitted to humans via tick bites and occasionally via the consumption of unpasteurized milk products. According to the literature, the most important driver of TBE emergence and increase in incid...

(This article belongs to the Section Animal Viruses)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,771 Views
16 Pages

Assessing Schmallenberg Virus Disease in Sardinia (Italy) After the First Epidemic Episode in 2012

  • Cipriano Foxi,
  • Davide Pintus,
  • Susanna Zinellu,
  • Simonetta Macciocu,
  • Pier Paolo Angioi,
  • Anna Maria Sechi,
  • Mariangela Stefania Fiori,
  • Anna Ladu,
  • Graziella Puggioni and
  • Silvia Dei Giudici
  • + 6 authors

Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an Orthobunyavirus transmitted by Culicoides, causes congenital malformations and mild symptoms, such as fever, reduced appetite, decreased milk production, and occasional diarrhea, in ruminants. First detected in Central E...

(This article belongs to the Section Viral Pathogens)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,580 Views
18 Pages

Neonatal Feeding Practices and SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Neonates with Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 Exposure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Kikelomo Babata,
  • Rehena Sultana,
  • Jean-Michel Hascoët,
  • Riya Albert,
  • Christina Chan,
  • Kelly Mazzarella,
  • Tanaz Muhamed,
  • Kee Thai Yeo,
  • Juin Yee Kong and
  • Luc P. Brion

6 January 2025

Background: The risk of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection from the mother’s own milk (MoM) in neonates who are exposed to maternal SARS-CoV-2 during the perinatal period remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review to assess the association be...

(This article belongs to the Section Infectious Diseases)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,206 Views
15 Pages

A Newly Established ELISA for the Surveillance of Rift Valley Fever in Dromedary Camels and Their Owners, Kenya 2018

  • Shannon L. M. Whitmer,
  • Jessica Rowland,
  • Emir Talundzic,
  • Deborah Cannon,
  • Aridth Gibbons,
  • Cynthia Ombok,
  • Jennifer L. Harcourt,
  • Natalie J. Thornburg,
  • Clayton Onyango and
  • John D. Klena
  • + 8 authors

8 April 2026

In 2024 Kenya had a population of 4.78 million camels that contributed to the livelihoods of pastoralist communities in northern Kenya. Previous studies in Kenya, Saudi Arabia and eastern Africa demonstrated high seroprevalence of Middle East respira...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rift Valley Fever Virus: New Insights into a One Health Archetype)
  • Review
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,878 Views
12 Pages

A Systematic Review of Hepatitis E Virus Detection in Camels

  • Sérgio Santos-Silva,
  • Mahima Hemnani,
  • Pedro Lopez-Lopez,
  • Helena M. R. Gonçalves,
  • António Rivero-Juarez,
  • Wim H. M. Van der Poel,
  • Maria São José Nascimento and
  • João R. Mesquita

28 April 2023

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) represents a major cause of acute hepatitis and is considered an emerging public health problem around the world. In the Middle East’s and Africa’s arid regions, where camels frequently interact with human populati...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Infectious Disease: Viral Enteric Pathogens with Zoonosis Potential in Domestic and Wild Animals)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,503 Views
22 Pages

Postnatal Growth Restriction in Mice Alters Cardiac Protein Composition and Leads to Functional Impairment in Adulthood

  • Joseph R. Visker,
  • Lawrence J. Dangott,
  • Eric C. Leszczynski and
  • David P. Ferguson

12 December 2020

Postnatal growth restriction (PGR) increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood, yet there is minimal mechanistic rationale for the observed pathology. The purpose of this study was to identify proteomic differences in hearts of g...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Life Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health and Development)