33 Results Found

The inclusion of the MgO·Al₂O₃ (MA) spinel and CaO–Al₂O₃ are occasionally observed during the refining of Al–killed steel, even without the intentional additions of Ca and Mg. Many studies have focused on the source of Mg and Ca; however, especially...

The design of ladle furnace (LF) refining pathways for weathering steels requires precise control of multi-component steel/slag reactions governed simultaneously by thermodynamics and interfacial mass transfer kinetics. An EERZ-based kinetic modeling...

Inclusion removal and modification of C96V saw wire steel using Na₂O- and Rb₂O- containing novel low-basicity LF (ladle furnace) Refining Slags have been researched. The results indicated that the addition of Na₂O deteriorates inclusion removal; by c...

Fluorine-bearing refining slag (FBS) is used to produce axle steel for electric multiple unit vehicles. To avoid environmental pollution caused by fluorine, a fluorine-free ladle furnace slag (FFS) was designed based on an industrial FBS. The effects...

The standard production route for mild steels for automotive purposes is still based on conventional continuous casting (CC) and hot strip rolling (HSR). The current trend towards the “zero-carbon car” will demand the abating of material emissions in...

In this experiment, a quaternary fluorine-free refining slag system of CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO was selected, with basicity ratios of 2, 4, and 6 and calcium-aluminum ratios of 1.5, 2.1, and 3. High-temperature “slag-steel equilibrium” experiments were con...

The influence of hydrothermal pretreatment temperature on the hydration products and carbonation efficiency of Al-rich LF slag was investigated. The results showed that the carbonation efficiency was strongly dependent on the morphology of hydration...

The present work aims to answer three essential research questions (RQs) that have previously not been explicitly dealt with in the field of applied machine learning (ML) in steel process engineering. RQ1: How many training data points are needed to...

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The advancement of metallurgical vessels, such as blast furnaces, shaft furnaces, and torpedo ladles, can be better controlled and expanded for a greater lifespan if the thickness of the refractory lining wear is known and predicted. In the past, var...

High-quality steels are defined primarily by a small quantity of non-metallic inclusions and a high degree of chemical homogenisation. The ladle furnace (LF) is the most important metallurgical unit in which the quantity of non-metallic inclusions ca...

With the continuous optimization of the steel production process and the increasing emergence of smelting methods, it has become difficult to monitor and control the production process using the traditional steel management model. The regulation of s...

The selection of lining material for a steel ladle is important to heat preservation of molten steel. Aerogel insulation materials have very low thermal conductivity, however, they are rarely used in steel ladles. In this paper, the application of a...

The improvement in mixing conditions in a vacuum refining unit plays an important role in enhancing the purity and decarburization of molten steel. Mixing time is an important index to evaluate the operation efficiency of a metallurgical reactor. How...

Industrial fusion of microalloying elements in steelmaking is imperative in defining and optimizing certain steel properties due to their strengthening and significant grain refinements effects at minute quantities. Copper, vanadium, and columbium ar...

Rare earth (RE) addition can refine and change the shape/distribution of inclusions in steel to improve its strength and toughness. In this paper, the control of RE, specifically Ce and La, and their behaviors in the practical industrial production o...

The inclusions formed in 304L stainless steel for nuclear power produced by the electric arc furnace (EAF)-argon oxygen decarburization furnace (AOD)-ladle furnace (LF)-continuous casting (CC) process were investigated by thermodynamics calculations...

Ladle furnace (LF) refining is one of the most widely used secondary refining processes for producing clean steel and constitutes a key process in the steelmaking–continuous casting section. The properties of slag play a decisive role in determ...

SiO₂-Al₂O₃-CaO-MgO is the main type of refining slag in a ladle furnace. Here the effects of the CaO/Al₂O₃ mass ratio on the structural properties of the refining slag system are studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The pair distribution functi...

Study on the resource utilization of CO₂ is important for the reduction of CO₂ emissions to cope with global warming and bring a beneficial metallurgical effect. In this paper, research on CO₂ utilization in the sintering, blast furnace, converter, s...

The continuous improvement of the steelmaking process is a critical issue for steelmakers. In the production of Ca-treated Al-killed steel, the Ca and S contents are controlled for successful inclusion modification treatment. In this study, a machine...

The fine description of multi-process operation behavior in steelmaking-continuous casting process is an important foundation for the improvement of production scheduling in steel plants. With sufficient consideration on non-collision movements among...

In order to consider both the refining efficiency of the ladle furnace (LF) and the quality of molten steel, the water model experiment is carried out. In this study, the single factor analysis, central composite design principle, response surface me...

Non-deformable inclusions are detrimental to the surface quality and mechanical properties of stainless-steel plates. Plant trials were conducted to investigate the effect of different ferrosilicon alloys and calcium treatment during argon oxygen dec...

Nonmetallic inclusions are harmful to the quality of 42CrMo4 steel. Therefore, the formation and removal mechanism of inclusions in 42CrMo4 steel during the steelmaking process is investigated by industrial trials. The characteristics of inclusions i...

Vacuum degassing (VD) is a critical refining step in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking for producing clean steel with reduced nitrogen and hydrogen content. This study develops an Effective Equilibrium Reaction Zone (EERZ) model focused on denit...

This research paper provides new insights into the impact of accelerated mineralization of alkaline waste materials on the physical and mechanical behavior of low-carbon cement-based mortars. Standardized eco-cement mortars were prepared by replacing...

The fatigue life of bearing steel is closely related to the total oxygen content (T(O)) of the liquid steel. In order to stably and effectively control the T(O) during the ladle furnace (LF) refining process, we established a calculation model of opt...

Ladle furnace slag (LFS), a by-product of steel refining, shows a promising reuse pathway as an alternative additive or substitute for Portland cement due to its high alkalinity and similar chemical composition to clinkers. However, LFS is often stor...

High-strength tire cord steel is mainly used in radial ply tires, but the presence of brittle Ti inclusions can cause failure of the wires and jeopardize their performance in production. In order to control the titanium content during steel productio...

Steels are currently the most commonly used industrial construction materials. The use of steels depends on their properties, including their fatigue strength. Despite the fact that many works have been devoted to fatigue strength studies, there is s...

To address SDG12 (ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns), and to provide technical evidence for alternative concrete constituents to traditional natural river sand, stone fine aggregate (SFA), brick fine aggregate (BFA), ladle-refine...

To understand and clarify the formation mechanisms and evolution of complex inclusions in Ti-Ca deoxidized offshore structural steel, inclusions in industrial steel were systematically investigated. The number density of total inclusions generally de...