Grayscale-based Encryption-then-Compression (EtC) systems transform RGB images into the YCbCr color space, concatenate the components into a single grayscale image, and apply block permutation, block rotation/flipping, and block-wise negative–p...
Encryption-then-compression (EtC) enables secure image processing while retaining coding efficiency. In grayscale-based EtC pipelines with YCbCr transformation and component serialization, reversible data hiding (RDH) becomes challenging because cros...
Image encryption is crucial for ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of digital images, preventing unauthorized access and alterations. However, existing encryption algorithms often involve complex mathematical operations or require specialized...
Hundreds of image encryption schemes have been conducted (as the literature review indicates). The majority of these schemes use pixels as building blocks for confusion and diffusion operations. Pixel-level operations are time-consuming and, thus, no...
Encryption-then-compression (EtC) based on block scrambling enables privacy-preserving image sharing while maintaining compatibility with standard image codecs, yet it disrupts the spatial correlations and synchronization cues required by conventiona...
A novel nonlinear encryption–decryption system based on a joint transform correlator (JTC) and the Gyrator transform (GT) for the simultaneous encryption and decryption of multiple images in grayscale is proposed. This security system features...
XOR-based Visual Cryptography Scheme (XOR-based VCS) is a method of secret image sharing. The principle of XOR-based VCS is to encrypt a secret image into several encrypted images, called shares. No information about the secret can be obtained from a...
The main objective of this work was to implement the parameter-switching chaos control scheme for fractional-order spherical systems and develop a chaos-based image encryption and transmission system. The novelty in the developed secure communication...
Nowadays, our lives have benefited from various vision-based applications, such as video surveillance, human identification and aided driving. Unauthorized access to the vision-related data greatly threatens users’ privacy, and many encryption scheme...
In this paper, we proposed an enhanced asymmetric cryptosystem scheme for image encryption using a combination of Elliptic Curve and Fourier transformations. Our proposed encryption and decryption process is highly secure with a smaller key size comp...
As the basis for guiding business process decisions, flowcharts contain sensitive information pertaining to process-related concepts. Therefore, it is necessary to encrypt them to protect the privacy or security of stakeholders. Using the principles...
Continuous advancements in digital image transmission technology within network environments have heightened the necessity for secure, convenient, and well-suited image encryption systems. Base64 encoding possesses the ability to convert raw data int...
With the widespread use of encryption protocols on network data, fast and effective encryption traffic classification can improve the efficiency of traffic analysis. A resampling method combining Wasserstein GAN and random selection is proposed for s...
Conventional image encryption schemes struggle to meet the high security demands of medical images due to their large data volume, strong pixel correlation, and structural redundancy. To address these challenges, we propose a grayscale medical image...
Perceptual encryption (PE) of images protects visual information while retaining the intrinsic properties necessary to enable computation in the encryption domain. Block–based PE produces JPEG-compliant images with almost the same compression s...
Digital images can be easily shared or stored using different imaging devices, storage tools, and computer networks or wireless communication systems. However, these digital images, such as headshots or medical images, may contain private information...
Currently, algorithms to embed watermarks into digital images are increasing exponentially, for example in image copyright protection. However, when a watermarking algorithm is applied, the preservation of the image’s quality is of utmost impor...
As the rapid development of third-party storage and homomorphic encryption have profoundly stimulated the desire for secure communication, reversible data hiding in encrypted images has received widespread attention, since it allows lossless data con...
A hyperchaotic system was analyzed in this study, and its hyperchaotic behavior was confirmed through dynamic analysis. The system was utilized to develop a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG), whose statistical reliability was validated through NI...
Block-based perceptual encryption (PE) algorithms are becoming popular for multimedia data protection because of their low computational demands and format-compliancy with the JPEG standard. In conventional methods, a colored image as an input is a p...
With the rapid advancement of hyperspectral remote sensing technology, the security of hyperspectral images (HSIs) has become a critical concern. However, traditional image encryption methods—designed primarily for grayscale or RGB images&mdash...
In the age of big data, multimedia communication is becoming one of the most important communication methods. Therefore, it is important to overcome the challenge of processing numerous images safely and efficiently. In this paper, a 3D cross-image e...
Fractional-order chaotic systems have more complex dynamics than integer-order chaotic systems. Thus, investigating fractional chaotic systems for the creation of image cryptosystems has been popular recently. In this article, a fractional-order memr...
Smartphones, digital cameras, and other imaging devices generate vast amounts of high-resolution colored images daily, stored on devices equipped with multi-core central processing units or on the cloud. Safeguarding these images from potential attac...
With the advent of several new means of communication, safeguarding the confidentiality of messages has become more crucial. Financial institutions, virtual currencies, and government organizations are all examples of high-risk contexts where informa...
This paper introduces the complex Rayleigh–van-der- Pol–Duffing oscillators (RVDOs), which are hyperchaotic and can be autonomous or nonautonomous. The fundamental dynamics of the autonomous and nonautonomous complex RVDOs, including diss...
The increasing adoption of digital technologies, robotic systems, and IoT applications in sectors such as medicine, agriculture, and industry drives a surge in data generation and necessitates secure and efficient encryption. For resource-constrained...
Data hiding and reversible data hiding research has primarily focused on grayscale and color images, because binary and halftone images are prone to visual distortion caused by a small number of errors in pixel representation. As a result, reversible...
Fractional-order chaotic systems have emerged as powerful tools in secure communications and multimedia protection owing to their memory-dependent dynamics, large key spaces, and high sensitivity to initial conditions. However, most existing fraction...
Compared with Shamir’s original secret image sharing (SIS), the Chinese-remainder-theorem-based SIS (CRTSIS) generally has the advantages of a lower computation complexity, lossless recovery and no auxiliary encryption. However, general CRTSIS...
With the rapid increase in the number of Android malware, the image-based analysis method has become an effective way to defend against symmetric encryption and confusing malware. At present, the existing Android malware bytecode image detection meth...
With the rapid advancement of information technology, digital images such as medical images, grayscale images, and color images are widely used, stored, and transmitted. Therefore, protecting this type of information is a critical challenge. Meanwhil...
Cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks are among the threats facing web security, resulting from the diversity and complexity of HTML formats. Research has shown that some text processing-based methods are limited in their ability to detect this type of...