This paper presents a novel gas-independent thermal flow sensor chip featuring three calorimetric flow sensors for measuring flow profile and direction within a tube, along with a single-wire flow independent thermal conductivity sensor capable of id...
Conductivity is a routinely measured parameter to assess impurities in water. Changing the geometry from parallel plate electrodes to planar microfabricated dual-band or interdigitated electrodes, these sensors could be miniaturized. Based on this ap...
The measurement of electrical conductivity (EC) has long been a tool for understanding soil properties. Previous studies concluded that EC measurement is not an ion-selective method, but these papers did not address the measurement frequency. An expe...
In this article, novel thermal gas sensors with newly designed diffusion gas channels are proposed to reduce the flow-rate disturbance. Simulation studies suggest that by lowering the gas flow velocity near the hot film, the maximum normalized temper...
Aiming at solving the slow-response problem of traditional bead-type thermal conductivity gas sensors, a fast-response thermal conductivity gas sensor can be made by using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), combined with the technology of carrier...
This work proposes a design for a direct-reading conductivity sensor with a parallel symmetrical four-electrode structure, which integrates a silicon-based platinum thin-film strip electrode and a serpentine temperature compensation electrode. The op...
In the scope of this paper, a first exemplary eddy current sensor for seawater conductivity measurement is developed, based on the derived sensor theory of a previous work. By high-frequency excitation, eddy currents are induced in the fluid and are...
The main aim of smart cities is to achieve the sustainable use of resources. In order to make the correct use of resources, an accurate monitoring and management is needed. In some places, like underground aquifers, access for monitoring can be diffi...
Due to increasing human engineering activities in cold regions, the precise measurement of frozen soil’s physical property parameters has become particularly important. Traditional measurements of thermal conductivity and unfrozen water content...
For the measurement of electrical conductivity of metal materials, the traditional contact measurement method has a limited test range and requires periodic electronic calibration. In order to overcome the above shortcomings, this paper takes the ind...
Impedance spectroscopy has a high potential to detect chemical reactions in flowing systems. In this work, the approach using impedance spectroscopy as a possible analytical tool for a continuous hydrothermal syntheses (CHTS) is presented. With the C...
The influence of the method used for synthesizing ZnO-In2O3 composites (nanopowder mixing, impregnation, and hydrothermal method) on the structure, conductivity, and sensor properties is investigated. With the nanopowder mixing, the size of the paren...
A new freestanding sensor-based 3
The parameters of gas-liquid two-phase flow bubbles in field coalbed methane (CBM) wells are of great significance for analyzing coalbed methane output, judging faults in CBM wells, and developing gas drainage and extraction processes, which stimulat...
This paper provides an overview of the application of conducting polymers (CPs) used in the design of tactile sensors. While conducting polymers can be used as a base in a variety of forms, such as films, particles, matrices, and fillers, the CPs gen...
Elastic polymer-based conductive composites (EPCCs) are of great potential in the field of flexible sensors due to the advantages of designable functionality and thermal and chemical stability. As one of the popular choices for sensor electrodes and...
Many research studies have been conducted on the use of conjugated polymers in the construction of chemical sensors including potentiometric, conductometric and amperometric sensors or biosensors over the last decade. The induction of conductivity on...
Conductive polymers have attracted wide attention since their discovery due to their unique properties such as good electrical conductivity, thermal and chemical stability, and low cost. With different possibilities of preparation and deposition on s...
The rise in diabetes cases is a growing concern due to the aging of populations. This not only places a strain on healthcare systems but also creates serious public health problems. Traditional blood tests are currently used to check blood sugar leve...
Resistive stretching sensors are currently used in healthcare robotics due to their ability to vary electrical resistance when subjected to mechanical strain. However, commercial sensors often lack the softness required for integration into soft stru...
The gas sensors fabricated by using conducting polymers such as polyaniline (PAni), polypyrrole (PPy) and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as the active layers have been reviewed. This review discusses the sensing mechanism and configuration...
The rapid development of tough conductive hydrogels has led to considerable progress in the fields of tissue engineering, soft robots, flexible electronics, etc. Compared to other kinds of traditional sensing materials, tough conductive hydrogels hav...
We studied the influences of the thickness of the porous silicon layer and the conductivity type on the porous silicon sensors response when exposed to ethanol vapor. The response was determined at room temperature (27
Conductive hydrogels, characterized by their excellent conductivity and flexibility, have attracted widespread attention and research in the field of flexible wearable sensors. This paper reviews the application progress, related challenges, and futu...
While transformer-type conductivity sensors are the usual type of inductive sensors, this paper describes the theory behind less used eddy current sensors. This type of sensor measures the conductivity of a liquid by inducing eddy currents and observ...
Wearable textile chemical sensors are promising devices due to the potential applications in medicine, sports activities and occupational safety and health. Reaching the maturity required for commercialization is a technology challenge that mainly in...
The sensor response of pressure-sensitive conductive elastomers using polymeric materials can be adjusted by altering the type and quantity of fillers used during manufacturing. Another method involves modifying the surface shape of the elastomer. Th...
In this review, the advances in radio-frequency (RF) /microwave chemical gas sensors using conducting polymers are discussed. First, the introduction of various conducting polymers is described. Only polyaniline (PANi), polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(3,4...
Sensors are devices that can capture changes in environmental parameters and convert them into electrical signals to output, which are widely used in all aspects of life. Flexible sensors, sensors made of flexible materials, not only overcome the lim...
Hydrogels, as classic soft materials, are important materials for tissue engineering and biosensing with unique properties, such as good biocompatibility, high stretchability, strong adhesion, excellent self-healing, and self-recovery. Conductive hyd...
The recent advances in wearable sensors and intelligent human–machine interfaces have sparked a great many interests in conductive fibers owing to their high conductivity, light weight, good flexibility, and durability. As one of the most impre...
Smart agriculture utilizes Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to enable low-cost electrical conductivity (EC) sensors to support farming intelligence. Due to aging and changes in weather and soil conditions, EC sensors are prone to long-term drift...
Conducting polymers (CPs) have emerged as promising materials for gas sensors due to their organic nature coupled with unique and versatile optical, electrical, chemical, and electrochemical properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview o...
Conductive hydrogels, known for their flexibility, biocompatibility, and conductivity, have found extensive applications in fields such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, and soft robotics. Recent advancements in 3D printing technologies have t...
This paper describes all the procedures and methods currently used at UPV (Universitat Politécnica de Valencia) and UJI (University Jaume I) for the development and use of sensors for multi-phase flow analysis in vertical pipes. This paper also descr...
Conducting polymer-based hydrogels (CPHs) are novel materials that take advantage of both conducting polymers and three-dimensional hydrogels, which endow them with great electrical properties and excellent mechanical features. Therefore, CPHs are co...
The ideal respiratory sound sensor exhibits high sensitivity, wide-band frequency characteristics, and excellent anti-noise properties. We investigated the body-conducted sound sensor (BCS) and verified its usefulness in respiratory sound monitoring...
Stretchable and flexible tactile sensors have been extensively investigated for a variety of applications due to their outstanding sensitivity, flexibility, and biocompatibility compared with conventional tactile sensors. However, implementing stretc...
The Conducting of polymers belongs to the class of polymers exhibiting excellence in electrical performances because of their intrinsic delocalized π- electrons and their tunability ranges from semi-conductive to metallic conductive regime. Conduc...
This paper reviews some prominent applications and approaches to developing smart fabrics for wearable technology. The importance of flexible and electrically conductive textiles in the emerging body-centric sensing and wireless communication systems...
Conducting polymers represent an important class of functional organic materials for next-generation electronic and optical devices. Advances in nanotechnology allow for the fabrication of various conducting polymer nanomaterials through synthesis me...
Transformer-type inductive conductivity sensors (TICS) are the industry standard for long-term conductivity measurement in fluids. This paper analyzes the potential of TICS as a low-cost alternative to the cost-effective type of conductivity cells by...
Monitoring of the pH, oxidation-reduction-potential (ORP), and conductivity of aqueous samples is typically performed using multiple sensors. To minimize the size and cost of these sensors for practical applications, we have investigated the use of a...
The gasflow created by a minaturized dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator is measured by a MEMS-based thermal conductivity gas sensor giving an indication of flow velocity and flow direction. The possiblity of several sensors in a small...
Wearable electronic sensors have recently attracted tremendous attention in applications such as personal health monitoring, human movement detection, and sensory skins as they offer a promising alternative to counterparts made from traditional metal...
Currently, an urgent need in the field of wearable electronics is the development of flexible sensors that can be attached to the human body to monitor various physiological indicators and movements. In this work, we propose a method for forming an e...
Thermal conductivity sensors face an omnipresent cross-influence through varying humidity levels in real-life applications. We present the results of investigations on the influence of humidity on a hydrogen thermal conductivity sensor and approaches...
This paper presents the design and performance evaluation of an inductive conductivity sensor with a double tuning impedance matching network to enhance sensitivity and improve linearity. The sensor’s equivalent circuit model is analyzed and ve...
Electrochemical sensors appear as low-cost, rapid, easy to use, and in situ devices for determination of diverse analytes in a liquid solution. In that context, conducting polymers are much-explored sensor building materials because of their semicond...
Recent innovations in thermoplastic extrusion 3D printing have promoted the development of functional materials, such as conductive composites, which lead the way to the creation of sensors embedded directly into printed structures. To this aim, this...
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