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Sensors
Volume 25
Issue 17
10.3390/s25175566
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Inductive Sensor Characteristics for Conductivity Measurement of Non-Ferromagnetic Metals Based on Single-Layer Solenoid

by
Huan Wang
1,*,
Ziyi Han
2,
Yongjian Chen
2,
Shuyu Li
2,
Haoran Li
2,
Hao Shen
1 and
Chunlong Xu
1,*
1
School of Science, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
2
School of Future Transportation, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2025, 25(17), 5566; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25175566 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 22 July 2025 / Revised: 20 August 2025 / Accepted: 5 September 2025 / Published: 6 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electronic Test and Measurement Instrumentation: Design and Applications (2nd Edition))
Versions Notes

Abstract

For the measurement of electrical conductivity of metal materials, the traditional contact measurement method has a limited test range and requires periodic electronic calibration. In order to overcome the above shortcomings, this paper takes the inductive response of an RLC circuit driven by alternating sources as the research object and proposes a non-contact method for conductivity measurement of non-ferromagnetic metals engaged by a single-layer solenoid sensor. The effect of the circuit parameters on the inductive sensor characteristics has been described with different resonant modes, and the electric conductivities of different metals can be theoretically calculated based on eddy current. Moreover, the Comsol Multiphysics software is used to conduct finite element analysis to compare the experimental results and the simulation, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis. The measured accuracy of the inductive sensor is verified to be higher than 91% in parallel resonance, which exhibits higher stability and precision than that of series mode. The implementation of this project will provide the theoretical basis and data reference for the detection of electromagnetic properties of unknown metals and has a wide range of applications in non-destructive testing, engineering construction detection, and other fields.
Keywords: inductive sensor; eddy current; finite-element method; electric conductivity; RLC resonant circuit inductive sensor; eddy current; finite-element method; electric conductivity; RLC resonant circuit

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, H.; Han, Z.; Chen, Y.; Li, S.; Li, H.; Shen, H.; Xu, C. Inductive Sensor Characteristics for Conductivity Measurement of Non-Ferromagnetic Metals Based on Single-Layer Solenoid. Sensors 2025, 25, 5566. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25175566

AMA Style

Wang H, Han Z, Chen Y, Li S, Li H, Shen H, Xu C. Inductive Sensor Characteristics for Conductivity Measurement of Non-Ferromagnetic Metals Based on Single-Layer Solenoid. Sensors. 2025; 25(17):5566. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25175566

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Huan, Ziyi Han, Yongjian Chen, Shuyu Li, Haoran Li, Hao Shen, and Chunlong Xu. 2025. "Inductive Sensor Characteristics for Conductivity Measurement of Non-Ferromagnetic Metals Based on Single-Layer Solenoid" Sensors 25, no. 17: 5566. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25175566

APA Style

Wang, H., Han, Z., Chen, Y., Li, S., Li, H., Shen, H., & Xu, C. (2025). Inductive Sensor Characteristics for Conductivity Measurement of Non-Ferromagnetic Metals Based on Single-Layer Solenoid. Sensors, 25(17), 5566. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25175566

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