215 Results Found

In recent years, there has been an exponential growth in sequencing projects due to accelerated technological advances, leading to a significant increase in the amount of data and resulting in new challenges for biological sequence analysis. Conseque...

Integrated information theory (IIT) is a powerful tool that provides a framework for evaluating consciousness, whether in the human brain or in other systems. In Computing the Integrated Information of a Quantum Mechanism, the authors extend IIT from...

This article concludes the special issue on Biosemiotic Entropy looking toward the future on the basis of current and prior results. It highlights certain aspects of the series, concerning factors that damage and degenerate biosignaling systems. As...

It has been shown that three-dimensional self-assembled multicellular structures derived from human pluripotent stem cells show electrical activity similar to EEG. More recently, neurons were successfully embedded in digital game worlds. The biologic...

Consciousness remains one of the most critical yet least understood functions of the brain, not only in humans but also in certain highly organized animal species. In this review, we propose treating consciousness as an emergent, goal-directed inform...

This paper is our attempt, on the basis of physical theory, to bring more clarification on the question “What is life?” formulated in the well-known book of Schrödinger in 1944. According to Schrödinger, the main distinguishing feature of a biosystem...

During the last two decades, a systematic re-examination of the whole information science field has taken place around the FIS—Foundations of Information Science—initiative. With the occasion of its Fourth Conference in Beijing 2010, a group of selec...

Genetic specificity information “seen by” the transcriptase is in terms of hydrogen bonded proton states, which initially are metastable amino (–NH2) and, consequently, are subjected to quantum uncertainty limits. This introduces a probability of arr...

The research on the nature of life from the perspective of information can be traced back to Schrödinger’s theory on the negative entropy of life. Many system scientists and system philosophers inherited Schrödinger’s research a...

Countless informational proposals and models have explored the singular characteristics of biological systems: from the initial choice of information terms in the early days of molecular biology to the current bioinformatic avalanche in this “omic” e...

The aim of this work is to introduce a computer science solution to manage emotions and affections and connect them to the causes as in humans. The scientific foundation of this work lies in the ability to model the affective and emotional states of...

We characterize the statistical bootstrap for the estimation of informationtheoretic quantities from data, with particular reference to its use in the study of large-scale social phenomena. Our methods allow one to preserve, approximately, the underl...

Some critical trends in information theory, its role in living systems and utilization in fluctuation theory are discussed. The mutual information of thermodynamic coupling is incorporated into the generalized fluctuation theorem by using information...

In order to demonstrate possible broader applications of information theory to the quantification of non-human communication systems, we apply calculations of information entropy to a simple chemical communication from the cotton plant (Gossypium hir...

Information-theoretic-based measures have been useful in quantifying network complexity. Here we briefly survey and contrast (algorithmic) information-theoretic methods which have been used to characterize graphs and networks. We illustrate the stren...

The processes involved in encoding and decoding signals in the human brain are a continually studied topic, as neuronal information flow involves complex nonlinear dynamics. This study examines awake human intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) d...

Information theory has long been integrated into the study of biological ageing, for example, in examining the roles of genetic and epigenetic fidelity in cellular and organismal longevity. Here, we introduce a theoretical model that interprets agein...

The aim of this review is to highlight the possibility of applying the mathematical formalism and methodology of quantum theory to model behavior of complex biosystems, from genomes and proteins to animals, humans, and ecological and social systems....

We survey a few aspects of the thermodynamics of computation, connecting information, thermodynamics, computability and physics. We suggest some lines of research into how information theory and computational thermodynamics can help us arrive at a be...

Neuroscience extensively uses the information theory to describe neural communication, among others, to calculate the amount of information transferred in neural communication and to attempt the cracking of its coding. There are fierce debates on how...

The connection between semantic information and evolution has gained growing attention recently. Evolution in this contribution—as in others before—we consider as being driven by information. Semantic information, as we consider it, is based on energ...

Information theory provides an interdisciplinary method to understand important phenomena in many research fields ranging from astrophysical and laboratory fluids/plasmas to biological systems. In particular, information geometric theory enables us t...

This conceptual paper, a contribution to the tenth anniversary Special Issue of Information, gives a cross-disciplinary review of general and unified theories of information. A selective literature review is used to update a 2013 article on bridging...

This review discusses the use of systems biology in understanding the biological effects of electromagnetic fields, with particular focus on induction of genomic instability and cancer. We introduce basic concepts of the dynamical systems theory such...

In this talk, I will explain how algorithmic information theory, which is the mathematical theory of randomness; and algorithmic probability, which is the theory of optimal induction, can be used in molecular biology to study and steer artificial and...

Data compression at its base is concerned with how information is organized in data. Understanding this organization can lead to efficient ways of representing the information and hence data compression. In this paper we review the ways in which idea...

This article is an attempt to capture, in a reasonable space, some of the major developments and currents of thought in information theory and the relations between them. I have particularly tried to include changes in the views of key authors in the...

Physical roots, exemplifications and consequences of periodic and aperiodic ordering (represented by Fibonacci series) in biological systems are discussed. The physical and biological roots and role of symmetry and asymmetry appearing in biological p...

Causality is fundamental to agency. Intelligent agents learn about causal relationships by interacting with their environments and use their causal knowledge to choose actions intended to bring about desired outcomes. This paper considers a causal qu...

“A Mathematical Theory of Communication” was published in 1948 by Claude Shannon to address the problems in the field of data compression and communication over (noisy) communication channels. Since then, the concepts and ideas developed...

Our understanding of genomics, neuroscience, cognitive behaviors of biological systems, and theoretical understanding of information from the general theory of information (GTI) is throwing new light on information processing structures both in natur...

The Systems Theory provides a valuable conceptual framework for analyzing biological complexity, particularly in oncology, where the multiple interactions between biological subsystems can influence tumor initiation, progression, and treatment respon...

There is a growing appreciation in the fields of cell biology and developmental biology that cells collectively process information in time and space. While many powerful molecular tools exist to observe biophysical dynamics, biologists must find way...

Complexity and information theory are two very valuable but distinct fields of research, yet sharing the same roots. Here, we develop a complexity framework inspired by the allometric scaling laws of living biological systems in order to evaluate the...

It is argued that a true transdisciplinary information science going from physical information to phenomenological understanding needs a metaphysical framework. Three different kinds of causality are implied: efficient, formal and final. And at least...

Information exchange is a critical process in all communication systems, including biological ones. Retroactivity describes the load that downstream modules apply to their upstream systems in biological circuits. The motivation behind this work is th...

A recent article in Nature Physics unified key results from thermodynamics, statistics, and information theory. The unification arose from a general equation for the rate of change in the information content of a system. The general equation describe...

Partial information decomposition has recently found applications in biological signal processing and machine learning. Despite its impacts, the decomposition was introduced through an informal and heuristic route, and its exact operational meaning i...

Seeking goals carried out by agents with a level of competency requires an “understanding” of the structure of their world. While abstract formal descriptions of a world structure in terms of geometric axioms can be formulated in principl...

Information manifests a reduction in uncertainty or indeterminacy. As such it can emerge in two ways: by measurement, which involves the intentional choices of an observer; or more generally, by development, which involves systemically mutual (‘self-...

This paper aims to introduce a developed reading of Roederer’s interpretation of pragmatic information as a good candidate for a Unifying Information Concept required for an as-yet-unavailable Science of Information. According to pragmatic informati...

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have reignited discussions concerning the similarities and differences between human and machine intelligence. This article approaches such questions from the viewpoint of the overarching explanation fo...

Bismuth (Bi) and its compounds are generally recognized for their biological safety and non-toxicity, making them highly valuable for the large-scale synthesis of various Bi-based complexes for their use in diverse biological applications. Bi drugs a...

This perspective examines the role of chemistry and molecular biology for a science of consciousness. Opposed to the consensus view, we argue that the molecular organization of biological systems is key to arrive at a thorough understanding of the dy...

The varied cognitive abilities and rich adaptive behaviors enabled by the animal nervous system are often described in terms of information processing. This framing raises the issue of how biological neural circuits actually process information, and...

We investigate Quantum Electrodynamics corresponding to the holographic brain theory introduced by Pribram to describe memory in the human brain. First, we derive a super-radiance solution in Quantum Electrodynamics with non-relativistic charged boso...

Information transmission and storage have gained traction as unifying concepts to characterize biological systems and their chances of survival and evolution at multiple scales. Despite the potential for an information-based mathematical framework to...

Biological motion perception is integral not only to survival but also to the social life of human beings. Identifying the underlying mechanisms and their associated neurobiological substrates has been a matter of investigation and debate for some ti...

In the past few decades, probabilistic interpretations of brain functions have become widespread in cognitive science and neuroscience. In particular, the free energy principle and active inference are increasingly popular theories of cognitive funct...

This paper examines the evolving understanding of information and its increasing importance in the age of big data and artificial intelligence. It outlines three main approaches to comprehending information: source-preexisting, signal-carrying, and r...