A state-of-charge (SOC) versus open-circuit-voltage (OCV) model developed for batteries should preferably be simple, especially for real-time SOC estimation. It should also be capable of representing different types of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), r...
The accuracy of the power battery model and SOC estimation directly affects the vehicle energy management control strategy and the performance of the electric vehicle, which is of great significance to the efficient management of the battery and the...
The State of Charge (SOC) is a crucial parameter in battery management systems, making accurate estimation of SOC essential for adjusting control strategies in automotive energy management and ensuring the performance of electric vehicles. In order t...
To achieve accurate estimates of a lithium-ion battery’s charge level (SOC) and health condition (SOH), this paper tackles key issues in battery management by introducing a framework built around an adaptive square root cubature Kalman filter (...
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the accuracy of three state of charge (SOC) estimators of a rechargeable Li-ion SAFT battery based on two accurate Li-ion battery models, namely a linear RC equivalent electrical circuit (ECM) and a nonlinear S...
Early SOC balancing techniques primarily centered on simple hardware circuit designs. Passive balancing circuits utilize resistors to consume energy, aiming to balance the SOC among batteries; however, this approach leads to considerable energy wasta...
Research on the state of charge (SOC) prediction of lead–acid batteries is of great importance to the use and management of batteries. Due to this reason, this paper proposes a method for predicting the SOC of lead–acid batteries based on the improve...
Young’s modulus is a key parameter to describe the compressive behavior of battery electrodes and is therefore frequently employed in mechanical models. In most studies, this property is determined using pristine electrodes. However, during ele...
This paper proposes a novel battery cell balancing topology with reduced component count and simplified control. The balancing algorithm is based on the state of charge (SOC) of each individual cell instead of cell voltage. The principle of the propo...
Battery energy storage systems are widely used in energy storage microgrids. As the index of stored energy level of a battery, balancing the State-of-Charge (SoC) can effectively restrain the circulating current between battery cells. Compared with p...
Because of the problem that the traditional unscented Kalman filter algorithm (UKF) may terminate the iteration due to the non-positive definite error covariance matrix during state of charge (SOC) estimation of lithium-ion battery, considering the u...
Accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) of lithium batteries is critical for the safe and optimal operation of battery management systems (BMSs). Traditional SOC estimation methods are often limited by model inaccuracy and noise interference...
To mitigate global warming caused by vehicles, emission regulations have been implemented for all automobiles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are being designed to meet consumer demand for eco-friendly vehicles that offer increased power and improve...
The optimal state of charge (SoC) balancing control for series-connected lithium-ion battery cells is presented in this paper. A modified SoC balancing circuit for two adjacent cells, based on the principle of a bidirectional Cuk converter, is propos...
This paper used a Vanadium Redox flow Battery (VRB) as the storage battery and designed a two-stage topology of a VRB energy storage system in which a phase-shifted full bridge dc-dc converter and three-phase inverter were used, considering the low t...
A triple polarization (TP) model is proposed based on the second-order RC hysteresis equivalent circuit model, in order to more precisely reflect the dynamic and static characteristics of a LiFePO4 (LFP) battery, considering the long relaxation time...
The state of charge (SOC) is a core parameter in the battery management system for LMFP batteries. Accurate SOC estimation is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of energy storage applications and new energy vehicles. In order to achieve...
This paper presents a novel integrated control architecture for automotive battery management systems (BMSs). The primary focus is on estimating the state of charge (SoC) and the state of health (SoH) of a battery pack made of sixteen parallel-connec...
This study aims to implement the digital twin of a Li-ion battery by using real measurement data and to create a deep learning-based SOC (state of charge) estimation solution. In the case of the SOC estimator, a special type of deep learning, so-call...
Accurately obtaining the state of charge (SOC) and health (SOH) of all individual batteries in a battery pack can provide support for data acquisition, state estimation, and fault diagnosis. To verify the real-time performance and accuracy of the joi...
To resolve the issue of state of charge (SOC) inconsistency among energy storage units under traditional equal-power allocation strategies, this paper proposes a multi-unit SOC balancing control strategy based on battery life degradation characterist...
To enhance equalization efficiency and address the issue of traditional equalization methods overlooking temperature factors, this paper proposes a multilayer equalization circuit for both intra-group and inter-group balancing. The traditional Buck-B...
26650 LiFePO4 battery, as an ideal energy storage battery for the smart grid system, has the shortcomings of fast aging speed and large dispersion of aging trend, which is the reason for accelerating the 26650 battery system aging. However, it is not...
With the increasing use of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in electric vehicles (EVs), accurately measuring the state of charge (SoC) has become crucial for ensuring battery reliability, performance, and safety. In addition, EVs operate in different e...
This paper deals with the state of charge (SoC) estimation of a lithium-ion battery pack (LiBP) connected by some cells in series and parallel. The voltage noise, noise and current bias of current through the LiBP are taken into account in the SoC es...
This paper introduces a novel Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB) State-of-Charge (SOC) estimation approach that integrates Akima–Savitzky–Golay curve reconstruction with a Bayesian-optimized, adaptive Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The method addre...
The monitoring and prognosis of cell degradation in lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are essential for assuring the reliability and safety of electric and hybrid vehicles. This paper aims to develop a reliable and accurate model for online, simultaneou...
Energy storage emerged as a top concern for the modern cities, and the choice of the lithium-ion chemistry battery technology as an effective solution for storage applications proved to be a highly efficient option. State of charge (SoC) represents t...
Lithium-ion batteries have revolutionized the portable and stationary energy industry and are finding widespread application in sectors such as automotive, consumer electronics, renewable energy, and many others. However, their efficiency and longevi...
Battery management systems depend on open circuit voltage (OCV) characterization for state of charge (SOC) estimation in real time. The traditional approach to OCV-SOC characterization involves collecting OCV-SOC data from sample battery cells and th...
The impact of ageing when using various State of Charge (SOC) levels for an electrified vehicle is investigated in this article. An extensive test series is conducted on Li-ion cells, based on graphite and NMC/LMO electrode materials. Lifetime cyclin...
Accuracy of battery charge status (SOC) estimation plays a significant role in the management of electric vehicle power batteries. However, recently, abrupt changes from SOC data often occurs in the actual operation of electric vehicles and some erro...
The lithium-ion battery is the key power source of a hybrid vehicle. Accurate real-time state of charge (SOC) acquisition is the basis of the safe operation of vehicles. In actual conditions, the lithium-ion battery is a complex dynamic system, and i...
The state of charge (SOC) for a lithium-ion battery is a key index closely related to battery performance and safety with respect to the power supply system of electric vehicles. The Kalman filter (KF) or extended KF (EKF) is normally employed to est...
Lithium batteries are widely used in fields such as engineering micro-machines, robotics, and transportation. However, safety issues caused by battery thermal runaway limit their further promotion. This study used a sealed heating pressure chamber (S...
This study aimed to achieve a clear understanding of the response characteristics of soft pack battery extrusion conditions under various situations. In this study, we chose a LiCoO2 battery as the research object of the extrusion experiment. First,...
The traditional ampere-hour (Ah) integration method ignores the influence of battery health (SOH) and considers that the battery capacity will not change over time. To solve the above problem, we proposed a joint SOH-SOC estimation model based on the...
Lithium-ion batteries are commonly employed in energy storage because of their extended service life and high energy density. This trend has coincided with the rapid growth of renewable energy and electric automobiles. However, as usage cycles increa...
In order to reduce the time and improve the balancing speed of traditional single-layer inductive equalization circuits, this paper proposes an active equalization control strategy with double-layer inductors for series-connected battery packs, based...
An accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation of the lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO4) is one of the most important functions for the battery management system (BMS) for electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). However, an acc...
The state of charge (SOC) is a characteristic parameter that indicates the remaining capacity of electric vehicle batteries. It plays a significant role in determining driving range, ensuring operational safety, and extending the service life of batt...
Sate of charge (SOC) accurate estimation is one of the most important functions in a battery management system for battery packs used in electrical vehicles. This paper focuses on battery SOC estimation and its issues and challenges by exploring diff...
The battery state of charge (SoC), whose estimation is one of the basic functions of battery management system (BMS), is a vital input parameter in the energy management and power distribution control of electric vehicles (EVs). In this paper, two me...
The state of charge (SOC) plays a critical role in battery management systems. This paper discusses the stability of the nonlinear SOC observer based on the extended Kalman filter. The model characterizing the lithium-ion battery nonlinearity is the...
In this article, an approach to balance the State of Charge (SoC) of two batteries connected to the DC bus of a fuel cell (FC) electric aircraft by Droop-controlled converters is described. The proposed algorithm is based on shifting the Droop refere...
In order to improve the estimation accuracy of the state of charge (SOC) of lithium iron phosphate power batteries for vehicles, this paper studies the prominent hysteresis phenomenon in the relationship between the state of charge and the open circu...
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in electrical vehicles (EVs), but safety issues with LIBs still occur frequently. State of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) are two crucial parameters for describing the state of LIBs. However, due t...
This paper proposes a new DC output voltage control for a battery energy storage system (BESS) with a lithium-ion battery based on the state of charge (SoC). The proposed control scheme was verified through computer simulations for a typical stand-al...
The accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) is essential for the safety and reliability of electric vehicle batteries. Conventional single-state Kalman filters are prone to parameter drift caused by cell aging, whic...
Accurate estimations of State-of-Charge (SOC) and State-of-Health (SOH) are crucial for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of lithium-ion batteries in Battery Management Systems (BMSs). This paper proposes a novel joint estimation method integ...
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