Auroral Ionosphere Model (AIM-E) is designed to calculate chemical content in the high-latitude E region ionosphere and takes into account both the solar EUV radiation and the electron precipitation of magnetospheric origin. The latter is extremely i...
The auroral oval is the high-latitude region of the ionosphere characterized by strong variability of its chemical composition due to precipitation of energetic particles from the magnetosphere. The complex nature of magnetospheric processes cause a...
We present the results of a systematic study of the ionospheric electric field in the Auroral Oval (AO) region in the southern hemisphere. We exploit one year of electric field measurements taken by the Electric Field Detector (EFD) on board the Chin...
This study focuses on the mid- and low-midlatitude ionospheric response to the 2024 Mother’s Day superstorm, utilizing ground-based and Swarm satellite observations. The ground-based ionosonde measured F1, F2-layer, B0 and B1 parameters, as wel...
The recent Chinese Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01) provides a good opportunity to investigate some features of plasma properties and its motion in the topside ionosphere. Using simultaneous measurements from the electric field detector and...
The 25–26 August 2018 space weather event occurred during the solar minimum period and surprisingly became the third largest geomagnetic storm of the entire 24th solar cycle. We analyzed the ionospheric response at high latitudes of both hemispheres...
It is well understood that near midnight, the Harang Discontinuity separates the auroral duskside eastward electrojet (EEJ) and dawnside westward electrojet (WEJ) and associated plasma flows driven by enhanced magnetospheric convections via Magnetosp...
The separation and classification of ionospheric troughs in the winter evening and morning ionospheres of the southern hemisphere were performed using CHAMP satellite data for high solar activity (2000–2002). In the high-latitude ionosphere, th...
Global navigation satellite systems provide important data sets that can be used to study the influence of various space weather factors. We analyzed the effects of the main phase of the May 2024 extreme geomagnetic storm on the ionosphere and GPS ki...
At equatorial and high latitudes, the intense ionospheric irregularities and plasma density gradients can seriously affect the performances of radio communication and satellite-based navigation systems; that represents a challenging topic for the sci...
The structure of the winter noon ionosphere of the southern hemisphere was studied. This structure includes the dayside cusp, associated high-latitude ionospheric trough (HLT), main ionospheric trough (MIT), electron density (Ne) peak at latitudes ab...
In the polar ionosphere, the electric field is characterized by broadband and power law spectral densities at small/short spatio-temporal scales, which support a possible turbulent nature of the electric field fluctuations. Here, we investigate the m...
The International GNSS Service (IGS) diurnal ROTI maps ionospheric product was developed to characterize ionospheric irregularities occurrence over the Northern hemisphere and has been available for the community since 2014. Currently, the diurnal RO...
Complexity is a typical feature of space plasmas that may involve the formation of multiscale coherent magnetic and plasma structures. The winding features (pseudo-polarization) of magnetic field fluctuations at different spatial scales are a useful...
We have investigated the effect of the dawnside subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) and dawnside auroral polarization stream (DAPS) on the ionospheric ion upflow in the Northern Hemisphere by using four years of Defense Meteorological Satellite Pro...
Electron density irregularities in the ionosphere modify the phase and amplitude of trans-ionospheric radio signals. We aim to characterize the spectral and morphological features of E- and F-region ionospheric irregularities likely to produce these...
During emergency events, we could significantly depend on the stable operation of radio communication, navigation, and radars. The ionosphere, especially its auroral regions, significantly influences radio systems, which is why scientists and enginee...
Irregularities in the spatial distribution of ionospheric electron density introduce temporal fluctuations in the intensity and phase of radio signals received from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The impact of phase fluctuations originat...
Small-scale ionospheric irregularities affect navigation and radio telecommunications. We studied small-scale irregularities observed during the 22 June 2015 geomagnetic storm and used experimental facilities at the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Phy...
In this study, we present the first results of detecting ionospheric irregularities using non-typical GPS observations recorded onboard the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) mission operating at ~35,800 km altitude. Sitting ab...
Lack of instrument sensitivity to low electron density (Ne) concentration makes it difficult to measure sharp Ne vertical gradients (four orders of magnitude over 30 km) in the D/E-region. A robust algorithm is developed to retrieve global D/E-region...
Electron density measured at high latitudes by the Swarm satellites was compared with measurements by the incoherent scatter radars at Resolute Bay and Poker Flat. Overall, the ratio of Swarm-based electron density to that measured by the radars was...
Aurora is caused by the collision of high-energy particles with particles in the Earth’s atmosphere. Recent advances in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) have demonstrated significant potential for ionospheric inversion at various scales, offering...
This study investigates the latitudinal characteristics of the nighttime electron temperature, as observed by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F16 satellite, and its dependence on solar and geomagnetic activities between 2013 and 2022 in...
Space plasma turbulence plays a relevant role in several plasma environments, such as solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere–ionosphere system, and is essential for describing their complex coupling. This interaction gives rise to vario...
Solar-terrestrial interaction is a dynamic process that manifests itself in the ionosphere. Interplanetary (IP) shocks or solar wind dynamic pressure pulses can generate enhanced brightening in dayside aurora. Foreshock transients are capable of indu...
This article presented a brief review of studies of the Earth’s ionosphere at the heights of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere by a method based on the creation of artificial periodic inhomogeneities (APIs) of the ionospheric plasma by high...
The dynamics of ionospheric troughs during intense geomagnetic storms is considered in this paper. The study is based on electron density measurements at CHAMP satellite altitudes of 405–465 km in the period from 2000 to 2002. A detailed analysis of...
This study focuses on the open question of the electron temperature (Te) variation with solar activity in the topside ionosphere at mid- and high latitudes. It takes advantage of in situ observations taken over a decade (2014–2023) from Langmui...
The auroral ovals around the Earth’s magnetic poles are produced by the collisions between energetic particles precipitating from solar wind and atoms or molecules in the upper atmosphere. The morphology of auroral oval acts as an important mir...
Two important phenomena of the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling are auroral particle precipitation and the formation of ions flowing upward from the ionosphere. They have opposite transport directions of energy and substance....
The black aurora is a distinct phenomenon characterized by spatially well-defined regions where the diffuse auroral luminosity decreases notably. Typically, black auroras present as arcs moving at lower velocities, patches with higher moving speeds,...
The 25–27 August 2018 geomagnetic storm was the third largest storm in the 24th solar cycle. It was a surprising space event that originated from low-level solar activity. This study provides an overview of the temporal–spatial behaviors...
Vertical incidence pulsed ionospheric radar (VIPIR) has been operated to observe the polar ionosphere with Dynasonde analysis software at Jang Bogo Station (JBS), Antarctica, since 2017. The JBS-VIPIR-Dynasonde (JVD) provides ionospheric parameters s...
In this article, a cluster comprised of eight Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) receivers surrounding five supplemental test stations located on much shorter baselines is used to form a composite multi-scale network for the purpose of i...
Field-aligned currents (FACs) flowing in the auroral ionosphere are a complex system of upward and downward currents, which play a fundamental role in the magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling and in the ionospheric heating. Here, using data from the ESA...
This paper presents the mission analysis of 3Cat-8, a 6-Unit CubeSat mission being developed by the UPC NanoSat Lab for ionospheric research. The primary objective of the mission is to monitor the ionospheric scintillation of the aurora, and to perfo...
The spatiotemporal variations and mechanisms of the ionospheric storms over the American sector during the August 2018 geomagnetic storm are investigated. One positive and one negative ionospheric storm occurred in North America and two positive stor...
Rare (only 10) observations, made in the southern topside ionosphere during 2015–2016, demonstrate the amplification of westward subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) up to 3000 m/s near the Harang region. The observed amplified SAPS flows wer...
We present an analysis of the ionospheric electric field dynamics at high latitudes during periods of quiet and disturbed geomagnetic activity by exploiting recent advancements in dynamical systems and extreme value theory. Specifically, we employed...
The oblique-incidence ionosonde network in North China is a very unique system for regional ionospheric observation. It contains 5 transmitters and 20 receivers, and it has 99 ionospheric observation points between 22.40° N and 33.19° N geoma...
Geomagnetic storms—triggered by the interaction between Earth’s magnetosphere and interplanetary magnetic field, driven by solar activity—are important for many Earth-bound aspects of life. Serious events may impact the electroenergetic infrastructur...
The present study examines the negative ionospheric response over Europe during two geomagnetic storms on 10–13 May 2024, known as the Mother’s Day geomagnetic superstorm. The first storm, with a peak SYM-H value of −436 nT, occurre...
Geomagnetic storms are one of the leading causes of ionospheric irregularities, depending on their intensity. The 6–10 September 2017 geomagnetic storm, the most severe geomagnetic event of the year, resulted from an X9 solar flare and a subseq...
For the first time thermospheric parameters (neutral composition, exospheric temperature and vertical plasma drift related to thermospheric winds) have been inferred for ionospheric G-conditions observed with Millstone Hill ISR on 11–13 September 200...
The basic concept of this study is to investigate, by correlation analysis, the relationship between geomagnetic activity and Total Electron Content (TEC) for the period from 1994 to 2023. The global TEC data used have been recalculated to a coordina...
An aurora is a unique geophysical phenomenon with polar characteristics that can be directly observed with the naked eye. It is the most concentrated manifestation of solar–terrestrial physical processes (especially magnetospheric–ionosph...
An analogy with our previously published theory on the ionospheric auroral gyroscope provides a new perspective in human eye optics. Based on cone cells’ real distribution, we model the human eye macula as a pseudospherical surface. This allows the r...
The variation in key parameters of the solar–terrestrial space during two consecutive auroral disturbances (the magnetic storm index, Dst index = −422 nT) that occurred during the 18–23 November 2003 period was analyzed in this pape...
Ionospheric scintillation frequently occurs in equatorial, auroral and polar regions, posing a threat to the performance of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). Thus, the detection of ionospheric scintillation is of great significance in re...
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