XRN1 is an exoribonuclease that degrades mRNA in the cytoplasm along the 5′–3′ direction. A previous study indicated that it may be involved in the reproduction of Macrobrachium nipponense. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to det...
Cell size affects almost all biosynthetic processes by controlling the size of organelles and disrupting the nutrient uptake process. Yeast cells must reach a critical size to be able to enter a new cell cycle stage. Abnormal changes in cell size are...
The XRN family of 5′-3′ Exoribonucleases is functionally conserved in eukaryotic organisms. However, the molecular evolution of XRN proteins in plants and their functions in plant response to environment stresses remain largely unexplored...
One of the major obstacles in treating brain cancers, particularly glioblastoma multiforme, is the occurrence of secondary tumor lesions that arise in areas of the brain and are inoperable while obtaining resistance to current therapeutic agents. Thu...
Small RNA (sRNA) turnover is a key but poorly understood mechanism that determines the homeostasis of sRNAs. Animal XRN genes contribute the degradation of sRNAs, AtXRN2 and AtXRN3 also contribute the pri-miRNA processing and miRNA loop degradation i...
R-loops (RNA–DNA hybrids with displaced single-stranded DNA) have emerged as a potent source of DNA damage and genomic instability. The termination of defective RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is one of the major sources of R-loop formation. 5&prime...
Auxin is a major hormone which plays crucial roles in instructing virtually all developmental programs of plants. Its signaling depends primarily on its perception by four partially redundant receptors of the TIR1/AFB2 clade (TAARs), which subsequent...
Subgenomic flaviviral RNAs (sfRNAs) are produced during flavivirus infections in both arthropod and vertebrate cells. They are undegraded products originating from the viral 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR), a result of the action of the h...
Flaviviruses are a large group of positive strand RNA viruses transmitted by arthropods that include many human pathogens such as West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), yellow fever virus, dengue virus, and tick-borne encephalitis...
It was recently shown that the 5’ to 3’ exoribonuclease XRN2 is involved in the DNA damage response. Importantly, loss of XRN2 abrogates DNA double stranded break repair via the non-homologous end-joining pathway. However, the mechanistic...
The RNA3 species of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), a multipartite positive-stranded RNA phytovirus, contains the ‘core’ nucleotide sequence required for its systemic movement in Beta macrocarpa. Within this ‘core’ sequence resides a con...
RNA decay is an important regulatory mechanism for gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Although the main pathways and major enzymes that facilitate this process are well defined, global analysis of RNA turnover remains under-investigate...
Plant RNA interference (RNAi) is a fundamental antiviral defense that relies on coordinated activities of DICER-like endonucleases (DCLs), Argonaute proteins (AGOs) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs). Over the past decades, studies using model...
The innate immune system has evolved a number of sensors that recognize viral RNA (vRNA) to restrict infection, yet the full spectrum of host-encoded RNA binding proteins that target these foreign RNAs is still unknown. The RNA decay machinery, which...
Coding transcripts-derived small interfering RNAs (ct-siRNAs) have emerged as a special class of endogenous siRNAs and have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression in plants, particularly under conditions where RNA metabolic pathways are...
Eukaryotic cells possess surveillance mechanisms that detect and degrade defective transcripts. Aberrant transcripts include mRNAs with a premature termination codon (PTC), targeted by the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway, and mRNAs lacking a te...
To monitor the arthropod-borne virus transmission in mosquitoes, we have attempted both to detect and isolate viruses from 3304 wild-caught female mosquitoes in the Livingstone (Southern Province) and Mongu (Western Province) regions in Zambia in 201...
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain cancer [...]
The Zika virus (ZIKV), like other flaviviruses, produces several species of sub-genomic RNAs (sfRNAs) during infection, corresponding to noncoding RNA fragments of different lengths that result from the exonuclease degradation of the viral 3′ u...
The turnover of the RNA molecules is determined by the rates of transcription and RNA degradation. Several methods have been developed to study RNA turnover since the beginnings of molecular biology. Here we summarize the main methods to measure RNA...
All retroviruses use their full-length primary transcript as the major mRNA for Group-specific antigen (Gag) capsid proteins. This results in a long 3′ untranslated region (UTR) downstream of the termination codon. In the case of Rous sarcoma virus (...
Processing of the RNA polymerase I pre-rRNA transcript into the mature 18S, 5.8S, and 25S rRNAs requires removing the “spacer” sequences. The canonical pathway for the removal of the ITS1 spacer involves cleavages at the 3′ end of 18S rRNA and at two...
Stress granules and P bodies are cytoplasmic structures assembled in response to various stress factors and represent sites of temporary storage or decay of mRNAs. Depending on the source of stress, the formation of these structures may be driven by...
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to regulate gene expression, chromatin domains and chromosome stability in eukaryotic cells. Recent observations have reported the existence of telomeric repeats containing long ncRNAs – TERRA in mammali...
Ribosome biogenesis is among the founding processes in the cell. During the first stages of ribosome biogenesis, polycistronic precursor of ribosomal RNA passes complex multistage maturation after transcription. Quality control of preribosomal RNA (p...
Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) is a segmented positive-strand RNA virus consisting of RNA1 and RNA2. Previous studies demonstrated that efficient translation of RCNMV RNA2 requires de novo synthesis of RNA2 during infections, suggesting tha...
A comparison of overlapping proximity captures at the head region of the ribosomal 40S subunit (hr40S) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae from four adjacent perspectives, namely Asc1/RACK1, Rps2/uS5, Rps3/uS3, and Rps20/uS10, corroborates dynamic co-localiz...
RNA viruses encode multiple layers of regulatory information within their genomes, extending beyond their protein-coding sequences. Through local secondary structures and long-range RNA–RNA interactions, viral RNAs control essential steps of th...
The condensation of nuclear promyelocytic leukemia bodies, cytoplasmic P-granules, P-bodies (PBs), and stress granules is reversible and dynamic via liquid–liquid phase separation. Although each condensate comprises hundreds of proteins with pr...
With the intensification of global climate change and the frequent occurrence of extreme drought events, forest production is facing severe challenges. This study imposed drought stress and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment on Larix gmelini see...
3’-Phosphoadenosine 5’-monophosphate (pAp) is a byproduct of sulfate assimilation and coenzyme A metabolism. pAp can inhibit the activity of 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) reductase and sulfotransferase and regulate gene expression unde...