High availability is crucial for industrial Ethernet networks as well as Ethernet-based control systems such as automation networks and substation automation systems (SAS). Since standard Ethernet does not support fault tolerance capability, the high...
This paper investigates several existing techniques for reducing high-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) unicast traffic in HSR networks for substation automation systems (SAS). HSR is a redundancy protocol for Ethernet networks that provides dup...
This study takes the merger and acquisition (M&A) events completed by A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2006 to 2019 as the research samples and uses the dual difference method to test the impact of a “hig...
High-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) is a protocol for Ethernet networks that provides duplicated frames with zero recovery time in the event of any network component’s failure. It is suited for applications that demand high availability and a...
In this paper, we propose a very effectively filtering approach (EFA) to enhance network traffic performance for high-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) protocol in smart grids. The EFA combines a novel filtering technique for QuadBox rings (FQR)...
We construct high-speed railway (HSR) networks for 15 cities in Hubei Province based on the HSR daily operating frequency panel data from 2009 to 2019 and construct economic networks for these cities through a gravity model. Then, we use social netwo...
Investments in high-speed rail (HSR) development contribute to reducing regional disparities and improving territorial cohesion. When studying the efficacy of HSR investments, the travel time (and effort) spent on getting to and from the HSR station...
The effective filtering approach (EFA) is one of the most effective approaches for improving the network traffic performance of high-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) networks. However, because EFA uses port locking (PL) for detecting nondestina...
The high-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) protocol, a potential candidate for substation automation system (SAS) networks, provides duplicated frame copies of each sent frame, with zero fault-recovery time. This means that even in the case of n...
This paper aims to study passengers’ preference for High-Speed Railways (HSRs) and High-Speed Trains (HSTs) through a systematic literature review. The existing relevant literature was examined by using the Scopus application, and the Latent Di...
Helicobacter pylori infection constitutes a silent pandemic of global concern. In the last decades, the alarming increase in multidrug resistance evolved by this pathogen has led to a marked drop in the eradication rates of traditional therapies worl...
This paper aims to evaluate the sustainability of high-speed railway (HSR) construction projects in a comprehensive manner. To this end, the author established an index system, involving 4 primary indices, 9 secondary indices, and 32 tertiary indices...
Periodic cleaning of all frequently touched social areas such as walls, doors, locks, handles, windows has become the first line of defense against all infectious diseases. Among those, cleaning of large wall areas manually is always tedious, time-co...
Slab track is widely used in many newly built high-speed rail (HSR) lines as it offers many advantages over ballasted tracks. However, in actual operation, slab tracks are subjected to operational and environmental factors, and structural damages are...
This paper analyses the evolution of the prices of intercity high-speed rail (HSR) services operated by the Spanish public company, Renfe, on the Madrid–Barcelona route between April 2019 and June 2022. This period marks one of the most importa...
The extension of high-speed rail (HSR) lines around the world is increasing. The largest network today is in China, followed by Spain, Japan, France, and Italy; currently, new lines are being built in Morocco and Saudi Arabia. The goal of the new lin...
High-speed railway (HSR) is recognized as a green transportation mode with lower energy consumption and less pollution emission than other transportation. At present, China has the largest HSR network globally, but the maximum revenue of railway tran...
High-speed rail (HSR) in China has led to altered spatiotemporal distances, thus inevitably affecting the regional economies. Has HSR also impacted the urban financial pattern? We analyze the relationship between HSR and financial agglomeration in 28...
High-speed railway (HSR) promote the efficient flow of the population and materials between cities and have profoundly affected urban economic development in China. However, there is currently limited research about how HSR influences urban expansion...
High-speed railway (HSR) has become a key infrastructure that shapes land use, specifically industrial distribution, and therefore affects urban industrial structure and regional economic patterns. This paper develops a new approach to examine the in...
While high-speed rail (HSR) has achieved success in major cities in Europe and Asia, it is a new phenomenon in the US, and few studies on HSR in the US are available, especially from the users’ perspective. This study aims to fill the research...
The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is the area with the densest high-speed railway (HSR) network in China, and it leads the high-quality economic development (HQED) in the country. HSR plays an important role in regional development. However, research on...
High speed rail (HSR) networks have been an essential catalyst in stimulating and balancing regional economic growth that ultimately benefits the society as a whole. Previous studies have revealed that HSR services sustainably yield superior social v...
8 May 2019
Does the development of a high-speed railway (HSR) have a significant impact on the equalization of medical and health resources allocated among cities? Based on the panel data of 67 cities in China from 2007 to 2016, this paper investigates the dire...
To accurately assess the development potential of a high-speed rail (HSR) express in the logistics system, this study constructs a forecasting method for HSR express volume. Grey relational analysis is used to identify key influencing factors, and a...
Health system responsiveness (HSR) measures the experience of health-system users in terms of the non-clinical domains of the health system, which has been regarded as the three major goals of health performance evaluation. Good HSR may promote the u...
There is an urgent need to change the economic development mode from “resources driven” to “innovation driven” with the stagnation of the economy in China. Most existing research on the effect of high-speed rail (HSR) on firm...
The impact of high-speed rail (the following text is written as HSR) on regional economy has become an important research hotspot in the world. Using the Difference in Differences (DID) method, this paper analyzes the influence of HSR opening in 223...
This paper explores the relationship between high-speed rail (HSR) and industrial agglomeration within urban agglomerations. The paper selects the data of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration (BJHUA) and Central Plains Urban Aggl...
Transportation infrastructure is essential to regional innovation systems, and the high-speed railway (HSR) is reshaping China’s regional innovation pattern. Previous research lacks an analysis of the impact of opening an HSR on urban tradition...
China has entered an era of rapid high-speed railway (HSR) development and the spatial structure of urban agglomerations will evolve in parallel with the development and evolution of the spatial structure of the HSR network. In this study, we explore...
To assess the market competitiveness of high-speed rail (HSR) express and forecast its freight volume, this paper develops an integrated framework combining strategic analysis, market forecasting, and competition assessment. A hybrid SWOT-AHP model i...
Mobile phone data provides information, such as the home (origin) and current locations of people. The data can be used to analyze the impact of new high-speed railway (HSR) openings. This study examined the population observed in stations and cities...
This paper reviews the role of high-speed rail (HSR) and other fast rail technologies in decarbonising inter-urban transport. It first outlines the global deployment of HSR, with particular emphasis on Europe and China, and situates these networks wi...
With improved productivity, the impact of social and economic development on the ecological environment is becoming more and more significant, and the transformation of transportation modes often accompanies the transformation of the economic develop...
The international literature around the impacts of long-distance rail transport such as high-speed railways (HSR) reveals that social equity impacts have rarely been fully examined or taken into consideration in appraisal. Several methodological and...
The emergence of the time–space contraction effect from the high-speed railway (HSR) network in China has been beneficial in breaking down regional divisions, thus facilitating the circulation of resources and optimizing resource distribution a...
18 August 2022
Under the background of “the Belt and Road” and “China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor” initiatives, we studied the urban accessibility level and regional spatial effect of the west line and east line of China-Mongolia-Russi...
Although organizational resilience is well established, refining the systematic quantitative evaluation of health systems resilience (HSR) remains an ongoing opportunity for advancement. Research either focuses on individual HSR indicators, such as s...
In Korea, decisions for high-speed railway (HSR) construction are made based on long-term demand forecasting. A calibration process that simulates current trip patterns is an important step in long-term demand forecasting. However, a trial-and-error...
This paper analyzed the impact of high-speed railway (HSR) construction on human capital and its mechanism by establishing high-speed railway-city level panel data from 2003 to 2019 and constructing a multiperiod difference- in-differences (DID) DID...
This paper investigates the impact of high-speed railways (HSR) on urban innovation levels by improving intercity accessibility. We employ prefecture city-level data within three megacity regions in China from 2009 to 2018. Using the number of invent...
Although transport infrastructure is one of the prominent factors that make Spain a major tourist destination, the international literature has revealed that the opening of new High-Speed Rail (HSR) lines is not sufficient by itself in order to incre...
Background/Objectives: Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading global cause of mortality, underscoring the need for functional assessments that extend beyond anatomical evaluation. The Hyperemic Stenosis Resistance (HSR) index combines inva...
In China, the opening of high-speed rails (HSR) brings significant changes to the source-destination spatial distance, the accessibility of destinations, and the spatial structure of tourist flows in each region, exerting varied HSR effects on differ...
The impact of high-speed rail (HSR) on urban spatial structure has attracted much attention since the 1970s. It mainly realizes the change of urban spatial structure by affecting the spatial distribution of population and economy. Based on population...
Efficiency impacts can be assessed based on improvements in accessibility promoted by the high-speed rail (HSR) project, focusing mainly on major urban areas. Spatial equity impacts originate from changes in the distribution of accessibility levels o...
Parallel redundancy protocol (PRP) and high-availability redundancy protocol (HSR) are widely adopted protocols based on IEC 61850 standard to support zero recovery communication networks for time-critical and reliable interactions in power system su...
11 January 2021
High-speed rail (HSR) represents China’s advancing productivity; however, quite a few HSR stations face problems due to inappropriate planning and limited passenger flow. To optimize future planning on HSR lines and stations and facilitate effi...
The construction of high-speed railway (HSR) station areas serves as a crucial catalyst for urban spatial evolution. However, the absence of targeted urban management theories has led to widespread spatial resource waste and post-construction abandon...
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