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142 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,407 Views
27 Pages

16 November 2021

The application of remote sensing data to empirical models of inland surface water chlorophyll-a concentrations (chl-a) has been in development since the launch of the Landsat 4 satellite series in 1982. However, establishing an empirical model using...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,639 Views
19 Pages

17 November 2022

Satellite-derived Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) is an important environmental evaluation indicator for monitoring water environments. However, the available satellite images either have a coarse spatial or low spectral resolution, which restricts the applica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,662 Views
17 Pages

22 August 2023

Eleven level-2 Sentinel 3A OLCI images that were acquired between 29 March 2017 and 11 December 2017 were used to assess their ability to retrieve oceanic Chl-a concentrations in South Africa’s Algoa and St Francis Bays. This was done by applyi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,114 Views
35 Pages

26 August 2020

Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration retrieval is essential for water quality monitoring, aquaculture, and guiding coastline infrastructure construction. Compared with common ocean color satellites, land observation satellites have the advantage of a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,234 Views
20 Pages

19 December 2018

The remote sensing of chlorophyll a concentration from ocean color satellites has been an essential variable quantifying phytoplankton in the past decades, yet estimation of accessory pigments from ocean color remote sensing data has remained largely...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
2,957 Views
15 Pages

20 July 2022

The Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration is an important indicator of water environmental conditions; thus, the simultaneous monitoring of large-area water bodies can be realized through the remote sensing-based retrieval of the Chl-a concentrations....

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
8,267 Views
16 Pages

Interactive Correlation Environment (ICE) — A Statistical Web Tool for Data Collinearity Analysis

  • Igor Ogashawara,
  • Marcelo P. Curtarelli,
  • Arley F. Souza,
  • Pétala B. Augusto-Silva,
  • Enner H. Alcântara and
  • José L. Stech

4 April 2014

Web tools for statistical investigation with an interactive and friendly interface enable users without programming knowledge to conduct their analyses. We develop an Interactive Correlation Environment (ICE) in an open access platform to perform spe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,722 Views
21 Pages

Retrieval of Phytoplankton Pigment Composition from Their In Vivo Absorption Spectra

  • Yinxue Zhang,
  • Guifen Wang,
  • Shubha Sathyendranath,
  • Wenlong Xu,
  • Yizhe Xiao and
  • Long Jiang

16 December 2021

Algal pigment composition is an indicator of phytoplankton community structure that can be estimated from optical observations. Assessing the potential capability to retrieve different types of pigments from phytoplankton absorption is critical for f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,976 Views
18 Pages

Using a Remote-Sensing-Based Piecewise Retrieval Algorithm to Map Chlorophyll-a Concentration in a Highland River System

  • Yuanxu Ma,
  • Dongqi Sun,
  • Weihua Liu,
  • Yongfa You,
  • Siyuan Wang,
  • Zhongchang Sun and
  • Shaohua Wang

2 December 2022

Chlorophyll-a(chl-a) has been used as an important indicator of water quality. Great efforts have been invested to develop remote-sensing-based chl-a retrieval models. However, due to the spatial difference in chl-a concentration, a single model usua...

  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
8,672 Views
25 Pages

Inter-Comparison of Methods for Chlorophyll-a Retrieval: Sentinel-2 Time-Series Analysis in Italian Lakes

  • Milad Niroumand-Jadidi,
  • Francesca Bovolo,
  • Lorenzo Bruzzone and
  • Peter Gege

18 June 2021

Different methods are available for retrieving chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in inland waters from optical imagery, but there is still a need for an inter-comparison among the products. Such analysis can provide insights into the method selection, integratio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,482 Views
18 Pages

8 November 2023

As an environmental parameter, the chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) is essential for monitoring water quality and managing the marine ecosystem. However, current mainstream Chl-a inversion algorithms have limited accuracy and poor spatial and temp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,124 Views
22 Pages

Retrieval of Chlorophyll a Concentration Using GOCI Data in Sediment-Laden Turbid Waters of Hangzhou Bay and Adjacent Coastal Waters

  • Yixin Yang,
  • Shuangyan He,
  • Yanzhen Gu,
  • Chengyue Zhu,
  • Longhua Wang,
  • Xiao Ma and
  • Peiliang Li

The Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) provided images at hourly intervals up to 8 times per day with a spatial resolution of 500 m from 2011 to 2021. However, in the typical sediment-laden turbid water of Hangzhou Bay, valid ocean color paramet...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,598 Views
18 Pages

Deep Learning-Based Retrieval of Chlorophyll-a in Lakes Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery

  • Bongseok Jeong,
  • Sunmin Lee,
  • Joonghyeok Heo,
  • Jeongho Lee and
  • Moung-Jin Lee

5 June 2025

Remote sensing and AI models have been utilized for monitoring Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), a primary indicator of eutrophication across broad water bodies. Previous studies have primarily relied on optical remote sensing data for assessing Chl-a’s s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
524 Views
27 Pages

22 November 2025

Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration is a key parameter for assessing the degree of eutrophication and the algal bloom risk in water bodies. Accurate and robust monitoring of Chl-a is crucial for effective water quality management of inland and coasta...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
5,088 Views
18 Pages

3 October 2019

Red and near-infrared line-height algorithms such as the maximum chlorophyll index (MCI) are often considered optimal for remote sensing of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in turbid eutrophic waters, under the assumption of minimal influence from mineral sedim...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
4,089 Views
21 Pages

5 October 2020

Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) is an objective biological indicator, which reflects the nutritional status of coastal waters. However, the turbid coastal waters pose challenges to the application of existing Chl-a remote sensing models of case II waters. Base...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,169 Views
14 Pages

Spectral Feature Selection Optimization for Water Quality Estimation

  • Manh Van Nguyen,
  • Chao-Hung Lin,
  • Hone-Jay Chu,
  • Lalu Muhamad Jaelani and
  • Muhammad Aldila Syariz

The spatial heterogeneity and nonlinearity exhibited by bio-optical relationships in turbid inland waters complicate the retrieval of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration from multispectral satellite images. Most studies achieved satisfactory Chl-a es...

  • Article
  • Open Access
61 Citations
7,971 Views
16 Pages

WaterNet: A Convolutional Neural Network for Chlorophyll-a Concentration Retrieval

  • Muhammad Aldila Syariz,
  • Chao-Hung Lin,
  • Manh Van Nguyen,
  • Lalu Muhamad Jaelani and
  • Ariel C. Blanco

18 June 2020

The retrieval of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations relies on empirical or analytical analyses, which generally experience difficulties from the diversity of inland waters in statistical analyses and the complexity of radiative transfer equations i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
5,871 Views
26 Pages

Comparing Unmanned Aerial Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imagery for Harmful Algal Bloom Monitoring in Artificial Ponds Used for Fish Farming

  • Diogo Olivetti,
  • Rejane Cicerelli,
  • Jean-Michel Martinez,
  • Tati Almeida,
  • Raphael Casari,
  • Henrique Borges and
  • Henrique Roig

21 June 2023

This work aimed to assess the potential of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multi- and hyper-spectral platforms to estimate chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and cyanobacteria in experimental fishponds in Brazil. In addition to spectral resolutions, the tested plat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,757 Views
13 Pages

Retrieval and Evaluation of Chlorophyll-A Spatiotemporal Variability Using GF-1 Imagery: Case Study of Qinzhou Bay, China

  • Ze-Lin Na,
  • Huan-Mei Yao,
  • Hua-Quan Chen,
  • Yi-Ming Wei,
  • Ke Wen,
  • Yi Huang and
  • Peng-Ren Liao

22 April 2021

Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration is a measure of phytoplankton biomass, and has been used to identify ‘red tide’ events. However, nearshore waters are optically complex, making the accurate determination of the chlorophyll-a concentration challeng...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,432 Views
27 Pages

A Framework to Retrieve Water Quality Parameters in Small, Optically Diverse Freshwater Ecosystems Using Sentinel-2 MSI Imagery

  • Matheus Henrique Tavares,
  • David Guimarães,
  • Joana Roussillon,
  • Valentin Baute,
  • Julien Cucherousset,
  • Stéphanie Boulêtreau and
  • Jean-Michel Martinez

7 August 2025

Small lakes (<10 km2) provide a range of ecosystem services but are often overlooked in both monitoring efforts and limnological studies. Remote sensing has been increasingly used to complement in situ monitoring or to provide water colour data fo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
424 Views
17 Pages

30 October 2025

Accurate estimates of Chlorophyll-a (Chl) concentration from satellite observations are critical for understanding large-scale phytoplankton variations, particularly in the context of climate change. However, existing operational Chl retrieval algori...

  • Article
  • Open Access
54 Citations
11,696 Views
18 Pages

SNR (Signal-To-Noise Ratio) Impact on Water Constituent Retrieval from Simulated Images of Optically Complex Amazon Lakes

  • Daniel S. F. Jorge,
  • Claudio C. F. Barbosa,
  • Lino A. S. De Carvalho,
  • Adriana G. Affonso,
  • Felipe De L. Lobo and
  • Evlyn M. L. De M. Novo

22 June 2017

Uncertainties in the estimates of water constituents are among the main issues concerning the orbital remote sensing of inland waters. Those uncertainties result from sensor design, atmosphere correction, model equations, and in situ conditions (clou...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
5,217 Views
15 Pages

Study on Retrieval of Chlorophyll-a Concentration Based on Landsat OLI Imagery in the Haihe River, China

  • Qiaozhen Guo,
  • Xiaoxu Wu,
  • Qixuan Bing,
  • Yingyang Pan,
  • Zhiheng Wang,
  • Ying Fu,
  • Dongchuan Wang and
  • Jianing Liu

6 August 2016

The optical complexity of urban waters makes the remote retrieval of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration a challenging task. In this study, Chl-a concentration was retrieved using reflectance data of Landsat OLI images. Chl-a concentration in the Hai...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,939 Views
19 Pages

28 January 2022

Subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCMs), commonly occurring beneath the surface mixed layer in coastal seas and open oceans, account for main changes in depth-integrated primary production and hence significantly contribute to the global carbon cycle. T...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,177 Views
26 Pages

Satellite and In Situ Monitoring of Chl-a, Turbidity, and Total Suspended Matter in Coastal Waters: Experience of the Year 2017 along the French Coasts

  • Francis Gohin,
  • Philippe Bryère,
  • Alain Lefebvre,
  • Pierre-Guy Sauriau,
  • Nicolas Savoye,
  • Vincent Vantrepotte,
  • Yann Bozec,
  • Thierry Cariou,
  • Pascal Conan and
  • Michael Rétho
  • + 8 authors

The consistency of satellite and in situ time series of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), Turbidity and Total Suspended Matters (TSM) was investigated at 17 coastal stations throughout the year 2017. These stations covered different water types, from relatively...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,635 Views
27 Pages

Improvement and Assessment of Ocean Color Algorithms in the Northwest Pacific Fishing Ground Using Himawari-8, MODIS-Aqua, and VIIRS-SNPP

  • Chuanyang Huang,
  • Yang Liu,
  • Yanping Luo,
  • Yuntao Wang,
  • Xudong Liu,
  • Yong Zhang,
  • Yunyun Zhuang and
  • Yongjun Tian

28 July 2022

Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) is an important marine indicator, and the improvement in Chl-a concentration retrieval for ocean color remote sensing is always a major challenge. This study focuses on the northwest Pacific fishing ground (NPFG) to evaluate and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
4,855 Views
21 Pages

13 February 2020

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. Its ecosystem services and functions, such as water conservation and the sustaining of biodiversity, have significant impacts on the security and sustainability of the regional ecology. The lake an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,654 Views
18 Pages

7 March 2025

With the planning and construction of marine ranching in China, water quality has become one of the critical limiting factors for the development of marine ranching. Due to geographical differences, marine ranches exhibit varying water quality condit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
869 Views
15 Pages

Retrieval of Chlorophyll-a Concentration in Nanyi Lake Using the AutoGluon Framework

  • Weibin Gu,
  • Ji Liang,
  • Lian Yang,
  • Shanshan Guo and
  • Ruixin Jia

23 July 2025

The chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in lakes is a crucial parameter for monitoring water quality and assessing phytoplankton abundance. However, accurately retrieving Chl-a concentrations remains a significant challenge in remote sensing. To addr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
5,573 Views
23 Pages

4 September 2019

The monitoring of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in high northern latitude waters has been receiving increased focus due to the rapid environmental changes in the sub-Arctic, Arctic. Spaceborne optical instruments allow the continuous monitoring...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
7,285 Views
19 Pages

Retrieval of Water Constituents from Hyperspectral In-Situ Measurements under Variable Cloud Cover—A Case Study at Lake Stechlin (Germany)

  • Anna Göritz,
  • Stella A. Berger,
  • Peter Gege,
  • Hans-Peter Grossart,
  • Jens C. Nejstgaard,
  • Sebastian Riedel,
  • Rüdiger Röttgers and
  • Christian Utschig

26 January 2018

Remote sensing and field spectroscopy of natural waters is typically performed under clear skies, low wind speeds and low solar zenith angles. Such measurements can also be made, in principle, under clouds and mixed skies using airborne or in-situ me...

  • Article
  • Open Access
50 Citations
10,356 Views
18 Pages

Water Quality Retrieval from Landsat-9 (OLI-2) Imagery and Comparison to Sentinel-2

  • Milad Niroumand-Jadidi,
  • Francesca Bovolo,
  • Mariano Bresciani,
  • Peter Gege and
  • Claudia Giardino

14 September 2022

The Landsat series has marked the history of Earth observation by performing the longest continuous imaging program from space. The recent Landsat-9 carrying Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2) captures a higher dynamic range than sensors aboard Landsa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
9,047 Views
19 Pages

Remote Estimation of Chlorophyll-a in Inland Waters by a NIR-Red-Based Algorithm: Validation in Asian Lakes

  • Gongliang Yu,
  • Wei Yang,
  • Bunkei Matsushita,
  • Renhui Li,
  • Yoichi Oyama and
  • Takehiko Fukushima

22 April 2014

Satellite remote sensing is a highly useful tool for monitoring chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) in water bodies. Remote sensing algorithms based on near-infrared-red (NIR-red) wavelengths have demonstrated great potential for retrieving Chl-a in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,860 Views
16 Pages

27 September 2024

This study investigates the escalating impact of wildfire smoke on the remote sensing of phytoplankton biomass in freshwater systems. Wildfire smoke disrupts the accuracy of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) retrieval models, with Chl-a often used as a proxy for...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,804 Views
16 Pages

Meridional Changes in Satellite Chlorophyll and Fluorescence in Optically-Complex Coastal Waters of Northern Patagonia

  • Sebastián I. Vásquez,
  • María Belén de la Torre,
  • Gonzalo S. Saldías and
  • Aldo Montecinos

9 March 2021

Northern Patagonia is one of the largest estuarine systems worldwide. It is characterized by complex geography, including islands, peninsulas, channels, and fjords. Here, the Inner Sea of Chiloé (ISC) is the largest estuarine system extending about 2...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
9,199 Views
26 Pages

Band Ratios Combination for Estimating Chlorophyll-a from Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 in Coastal Waters

  • Manh Duy Tran,
  • Vincent Vantrepotte,
  • Hubert Loisel,
  • Eduardo N. Oliveira,
  • Kien Trung Tran,
  • Daniel Jorge,
  • Xavier Mériaux and
  • Rodolfo Paranhos

18 March 2023

Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) is a crucial parameter for monitoring the water quality in coastal waters. The principal aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of existing Chl-a band ratio inversion models for estimating Chl-a from Sent...

  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
7,313 Views
22 Pages

In Situ and Satellite Observation of CDOM and Chlorophyll-a Dynamics in Small Water Surface Reservoirs in the Brazilian Semiarid Region

  • Christine Coelho,
  • Birgit Heim,
  • Saskia Foerster,
  • Arlena Brosinsky and
  • José Carlos De Araújo

4 December 2017

We analyzed chlorophyll-a and Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) dynamics from field measurements and assessed the potential of multispectral satellite data for retrieving water-quality parameters in three small surface reservoirs in the Brazili...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
926 Views
30 Pages

14 October 2025

Coastal lagoons are fragile and dynamic ecosystems that are particularly vulnerable to climate change and anthropogenic pressures such as urbanization and eutrophication. These vulnerabilities highlight the need for frequent and spatially extensive m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
8,996 Views
25 Pages

25 March 2014

Seasonal cycles, interannual variations and decadal trends of Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS)-retrieved chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) in the Strait of Malacca (SM) were investigated with reconstructed, cloud-free SeaWiFS Chl-a d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,149 Views
22 Pages

A Hybrid Chlorophyll a Estimation Method for Oligotrophic and Mesotrophic Reservoirs Based on Optical Water Classification

  • Xiaoyan Dang,
  • Jun Du,
  • Chao Wang,
  • Fangfang Zhang,
  • Lin Wu,
  • Jiping Liu,
  • Zheng Wang,
  • Xu Yang and
  • Jingxu Wang

21 April 2023

Low- and medium-resolution satellites have been a relatively mature platform for inland eutrophic water classification and chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a) retrieval algorithms. However, for oligotrophic and mesotrophic waters in small- and medium...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,985 Views
27 Pages

How Accurate Is an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data-Based Model Applied on Satellite Imagery for Chlorophyll-a Estimation in Freshwater Bodies?

  • Anas El-Alem,
  • Karem Chokmani,
  • Aarthi Venkatesan,
  • Lhissou Rachid,
  • Hachem Agili and
  • Jean-Pierre Dedieu

17 March 2021

Optical sensors are increasingly sought to estimate the amount of chlorophyll a (chl_a) in freshwater bodies. Most, whether empirical or semi-empirical, are data-oriented. Two main limitations are often encountered in the development of such models....

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,369 Views
13 Pages

15 September 2020

The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has brought countries around the world to a standstill in the early part of 2020. Several nations and territories around the world insisted their population stay indoors for practicing social distance in orde...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,953 Views
24 Pages

Simulation and Assessment of the Capabilities of Orbita Hyperspectral (OHS) Imagery for Remotely Monitoring Chlorophyll-a in Eutrophic Plateau Lakes

  • Runfei Zhang,
  • Zhubin Zheng,
  • Ge Liu,
  • Chenggong Du,
  • Chao Du,
  • Shaohua Lei,
  • Yifan Xu,
  • Jie Xu,
  • Meng Mu and
  • Jianzhong Li
  • + 1 author

18 July 2021

The chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration of eutrophic lakes fluctuates significantly due to the disturbance of wind and anthropogenic activities on the water body. Consequently, estimation of the Chl-a concentration has become an immense challenge. Du...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,023 Views
17 Pages

Lidar-Observed Diel Vertical Variations of Inland Chlorophyll a Concentration

  • Hongkai Zhao,
  • Yudi Zhou,
  • Qiuling Gu,
  • Yicai Han,
  • Hongda Wu,
  • Peituo Xu,
  • Lei Lin,
  • Weige Lv,
  • Lan Wu and
  • Dong Liu
  • + 6 authors

26 September 2024

The diel vertical variations of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentration are thought of primarily as an external manifestation of regulating phytoplankton’s biomass, which is essential for dynamically estimating the biogeochemical cycle in inland wa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,433 Views
20 Pages

Evaluating MULTIOBS Chlorophyll-a with Ground-Truth Observations in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

  • Eleni Livanou,
  • Raphaëlle Sauzède,
  • Stella Psarra,
  • Manolis Mandalakis,
  • Giorgio Dall’Olmo,
  • Robert J. W. Brewin and
  • Dionysios E. Raitsos

17 December 2024

Satellite-derived observations of ocean colour provide continuous data on chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) at global scales but are limited to the ocean’s surface. So far, biogeochemical models have been the only means of generating continuo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
10,038 Views
22 Pages

Atmospheric Correction Performance of Hyperspectral Airborne Imagery over a Small Eutrophic Lake under Changing Cloud Cover

  • Lauri Markelin,
  • Stefan G. H. Simis,
  • Peter D. Hunter,
  • Evangelos Spyrakos,
  • Andrew N. Tyler,
  • Daniel Clewley and
  • Steve Groom

23 December 2016

Atmospheric correction of remotely sensed imagery of inland water bodies is essential to interpret water-leaving radiance signals and for the accurate retrieval of water quality variables. Atmospheric correction is particularly challenging over inhom...

  • Article
  • Open Access
96 Citations
9,618 Views
25 Pages

29 December 2014

A new empirical Chl-a algorithm has been developed and validated for the largest freshwater lake of China (Poyang Lake) using a normalized green-red difference index (NGRDI), where the uncertainty was estimated to be <45% for Chl-a ranging between...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,071 Views
17 Pages

3 August 2022

We present results that demonstrate the utility of machine learning techniques that are based on partial least squares (PLS) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) for estimating low-moderate chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations in the western basin o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,819 Views
25 Pages

Phytoplankton Bloom Dynamics in the Baltic Sea Using a Consistently Reprocessed Time Series of Multi-Sensor Reflectance and Novel Chlorophyll-a Retrievals

  • Vittorio E. Brando,
  • Michela Sammartino,
  • Simone Colella,
  • Marco Bracaglia,
  • Annalisa Di Cicco,
  • Davide D’Alimonte,
  • Tamito Kajiyama,
  • Seppo Kaitala and
  • Jenni Attila

4 August 2021

A relevant indicator for the eutrophication status in the Baltic Sea is the Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a). Alas, ocean color remote sensing applications to estimate Chl-a in this brackish basin, characterized by large gradients in salinity and...

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