The chemical constituents of the bile acids in the gallbladder of Bufo bufo gargarizans were investigated. Eight new bile acids (1–8) along with two known ones (9–10) were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods (IR, UV, MS, NMR) in...
Morphology plays a crucial role in understanding the intricacies of biological forms. Traditional morphometric methods, focusing on one- or two-dimensional geometric levels, often fall short of accurately capturing the three-dimensional (3D) structur...
Sexual dimorphism is often considered to be the result of differences in the intensity of sexual selection between sexes. From this point of view, the sexual dimorphism of the limb bones of the Bufo gargarizans in southwest China was studied. Results...
Hibernation is an effective energy conservation strategy that has been widely adopted by animals to cope with unpredictable environmental conditions. The liver, in particular, plays an important role in adaptive metabolic adjustment during hibernatio...
Acoustic communication is a core component of reproductive behavior in anuran amphibians. Among the factors shaping male calling behavior, the social acoustic environment plays a decisive role, primarily through chorus size; yet its regulatory effect...
Hibernation is a crucial adaptive strategy for amphibians, facilitating survival in harsh environmental conditions by lowering metabolic rates and reducing energy use. This study employed GC-MS and LC-MS metabolomics to systematically analyze the ser...
A new indole alkaloid named bufobutarginine (1), along with three known bufotenines, namely, serotonin (2), bufotenidine (3), and bufotenine (4), were isolated from the water extract of toad venom. Their structures were elucidated by spectral methods...
Two new indole alkaloids, Bufotenidine B (2) and Bufocarboline A (6), along with seven known indole alkaloids (1, 3–5, and 7–9) and three organic acids (10–12), were isolated from the water extract of toad venom. The structures of t...
Toad venom is a traditional Chinese medicine with high medicinal value. The existing quality evaluation standards of toad venom have obvious limitations because of the lack of research on proteins. Thus, it is necessary to screen suitable quality mar...
Toad Venom (TV) is the dried product of toxic secretions from Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor (BgC) or B. melanostictus Schneider (BmS). Given the increasing medical demand and the severe depletion of wild toads, a number of counterfeit TVs appeare...
In recent years, nitrate (NO3-N) pollution in water bodies has been increasing due to the excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers. Exposure to NO3-N during the development of amphibian embryos may have lasting effects on the growth and developmen...
Amplexus is a type of mating behavior among toads that is essential for successful external fertilization. Most studies have primarily focused on the behavioral diversity of amplexus, and less is known regarding the metabolic changes occurring in amp...
Based on a combination of molecular and morphological data, we herein report a new species within the bufonid Bufo gargarizans species complex. This is a widespread species complex with distribution from eastern Russia and the Korean Peninsula to Chi...
Most zoonotic pathogens originate from mammals and avians, but viral diversity and related biosafety risk assessment in lower vertebrates also need to be explored. Amphibians are an important group of lower vertebrates that played a momentous role in...
Toad skin and toad venom, as two kinds of Chinese medicine, are prepared from Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor and Bufo melanostictus Schneider. However, they display distinct properties in traditional application, and the hydrophilic ingredients are the...
The renaissance of research into natural products has unequivocally and paradigmatically shifted our knowledge about the significant role of natural products in cancer chemoprevention. Bufalin is a pharmacologically active molecule isolated from the...
Toad venom, a dried product of secretion from Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider, has had the therapeutic effects of hepatocellular carcinoma confirmed. Bufalin and cinobufagin were considered as the two most representative...
Infrastructure development has caused extensive habitat fragmentation, and increased traffic raises the number of wildlife roadkills. Wildlife crossing structures (WCSs) can prevent roadkills and protect wildlife. Amphibians commonly comprise the hig...
Liver cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most prevalent form. Despite advancements in treatment, high recurrence rates and the limited efficacy of conventional therapies highlight the n...
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive type of breast cancer and has a poor prognosis. As standardized TNBC treatment regimens cause drug resistance and tumor recurrence, the development of new TNBC treatment strategies is urgent...
Bufalin, a cardiotonic steroid derived from the Chinese toad (Bufo gargarizans), has demonstrated potent anticancer properties across various cancer types, positioning it as a promising therapeutic candidate. However, comprehensive mechanistic studie...
Objective: To study the extraction process of agarwood active ingredients (AA) and investigate the safety and effectiveness of AA in the treatment of insomnia rats by nasal administration. Method: A β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion compound...
Urbanization presents significant challenges to biodiversity but also offers opportunities for its protection and development. While uncontrolled urban expansion has a destructive impact on biodiversity, effective urban planning can play a positive r...
(1) Background: Toad venom (Bufonis Venenum, known as ‘Chansu’ in Chinese), the secretion of the ear-side gland and skin gland of Bufo gargarizans cantor or Duttaphrynus melanostictus Schneider, has been utilized to treat several diseases...