The apolipoprotein B messenger RNA-editing, enzyme-catalytic, polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) family of cytidine deaminases plays an important role in the innate immune response to viral infections by editing viral genomes. However, the cytidine deamina...
APOBEC3B (A3B) is one of seven human APOBEC3 DNA cytosine deaminases that restrict viral infections as part of the overall innate immune response, but it also plays a major role in tumor evolution by mutating genomic DNA. Given the importance of A3B...
The underlying mechanism of the progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a non-obligate precursor of invasive breast cancer (IBC), has yet to be elucidated. In IBC, Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Enzyme, Catalytic Polypeptide-Like 3B (APOBEC3B)...
The APOBEC3B gene belongs to a cluster of DNA-editing enzymes on chromosome 22 and encodes an activation-induced cytidine deaminase. A large deletion of APOBEC3B was associated with increased breast cancer risk, but the evidence is inconclusive. To i...
The DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B (A3B) is normally an antiviral factor in the innate immune response. However, A3B has been implicated in cancer mutagenesis, particularly in solid tumors of the bladder, breast, cervix, head/neck, and lung. Here, w...
In normal cells APOBEC3 (A3A-A3H) enzymes as part of the innate immune system deaminate cytosine to uracil on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to scramble DNA in order to give protection against a range of exogenous retroviruses, DNA-based parasites, and...
APOBEC3B (A3B) is aberrantly overexpressed in a subset of breast cancers, where it associates with advanced disease, poor prognosis, and treatment resistance, yet the causes of A3B dysregulation in breast cancer remain unclear. Here, A3B mRNA and pro...
The APOBEC3 (A3) proteins are cytidine deaminases that exhibit the ability to insert mutations in DNA and/or RNA sequences. APOBEC3B (A3B) has been evidenced as a DNA mutagen with consistent high expression in several cancer types. Data concerning th...
APOBEC3B (A3B) has been implicated in host–virus interactions, but its role in SARS-CoV-2 infection is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that A3B is overexpressed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells from severe COVID-19 patients compared t...
The enzymatic activity of APOBEC3B (A3B) has been implicated as a prime source of mutagenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The expression of Protein Kinase C α (PKCα) and Nuclear Factor-κΒ p65 (NF-κ&B...
APOBEC3B enzymes are endogenous carcinogenic mutagens. Metastatic urothelial carcinomas often harbor APOBEC3B-mediated mutations in which tCw to T or G substitution occurs. Here, we evaluated patient survival and CD8+ T-cell density according to APOB...
To investigate whether the JAK-STAT (Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription) pathway participates in the regulation of APOBEC3G (Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G) gene transcription and to s...
The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G (APOBEC3G) converts cytosine to uracil in DNA/RNA. Its role in resisting viral invasion has been well documented. However, its expression pattern and potential function in AML remain uncle...
We have previously reported an HIV-1 mutant designated NL-Y226tac that expresses Vif at an ultra-low level, being replication-defective in high-APOBEC3G cells, such as H9. It carries a synonymous mutation within the splicing SA1 site relative to its...
Tissue and subcellular localization and its changes upon cell activation of virus-restricting APOBEC3 at protein levels are important to understanding physiological functions of this cytidine deaminase, but have not been thoroughly analyzed in vivo....
The association between mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-like sequences and human breast cancer (BC) is largely documented in the literature, but further research is needed to determine how they influence carcinogenesis. APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases a...
The persistence of a high-risk Human papillomavirus (HPV-HR) infection of the cervix results in different manifestations of lesions depending on the immunologic capacity of the host. Variations in apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polype...
PAX7 transcription factor plays a crucial role in embryonic myogenesis and in adult muscles in which it secures proper function of satellite cells, including regulation of their self renewal. PAX7 downregulation is necessary for the myogenic differen...
The human APOBEC superfamily consists of eleven cytidine deaminase enzymes. Among them, APOBEC3 enzymes play a dual role in antiviral immunity and cancer development. APOBEC3 enzymes, including APOBEC3A (A3A) and APOBEC3B (A3B), induce mutations in v...
Background: Defective DNA repair systems result in the accumulation of mutations, loss of genomic integrity, and eventually cancer. Following initial malignant transformation due to specific DNA damage and defective DNA repair, cancer cells become re...
Mammals have developed clever adaptive and innate immune defense mechanisms to protect against invading bacterial and viral pathogens. Human innate immunity is continuously evolving to expand the repertoire of restriction factors and one such family...
The genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 has been a focus during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we analyzed the distribution and character of emerging mutations in a data set comprising more than 95,000 virus genomes covering eight major SARS-CoV-2...
Restriction of foreign DNA is a fundamental defense mechanism required for maintaining genomic stability and proper function of mammalian cells. APOBEC cytidine deaminases are crucial effector molecules involved in clearing pathogenic DNA of viruses...
The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) family of DNA cytosine deaminases provides a broad and overlapping defense against viral infections. Successful viral pathogens, by definition, have evolved strategies to e...
Background: Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major cause of viral persistence in patients with chronic HBV infection. Understanding the mechanisms underlying stability and persistence of HBV cccDNA in hepatocy...
Although the APOBEC3 family of single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminases is well-known for its antiviral factors, these enzymes are rapidly gaining attention as prominent sources of mutation in cancer. APOBEC3′s signature single-base substitution...
APOBEC3 enzymes are polynucleotide deaminases, converting cytosine to uracil on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and RNA as part of the innate immune response against viruses and retrotransposons. APOBEC3G is a two-domain protein that restricts HIV. Altho...
Mutations in the BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) capsid accumulate in kidney transplant (KTx) recipients with persistent virus replication. They are associated with neutralization escape and appear to arise as a result of cytosine deamination by host cell AP...
Besides smoking and alcohol, human papillomavirus (HPV) is a factor promoting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In some human tumors, including HNSCC, a number of mutations are caused by aberrantly activated DNA-modifying enzymes, such a...
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) proteins (APOBEC3s) are deaminases that convert cytosines to uracils predominantly on a single-stranded DNA, and function as intrinsic restriction factors in the innate immu...
Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) proteins are a diverse and evolutionarily conserved family of cytidine deaminases that provide a variety of functions from tissue-specific gene expression and immunoglobulin div...
The accumulating evidence demonstrates that the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC), DNA-editing protein plays an important role in the molecular pathogenesis of cancer. In particular, the APOBEC3 family was shown...
The replication of lentiviruses highly depends on host cellular factors, which defines their species-specific tropism. Cellular restriction factors that can inhibit lentiviral replication were recently identified. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)...
Co-evolution of viruses and their hosts has reached a fragile and dynamic equilibrium that allows viral persistence, replication and transmission. In response, infected hosts have developed strategies of defense that counteract the deleterious effect...
DNA polymerases frequently misincorporate ribonucleoside 5′-triphosphates into nascent DNA strands. This study examined the effects of an incorporated ribonucleoside on untargeted mutations in human cells. Riboguanosine (rG) was introduced into...
The radiosensitization of tumor cells is one of the promising approaches for enhancing radiation damage to cancer cells and limiting radiation effects on normal tissue. In this study, we performed a comprehensive screening of radiosensitization targe...
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) proteins belong to a family of deaminase proteins that can catalyze the deamination of cytosine to uracil on single-stranded DNA or/and RNA. APOBEC proteins are involved in diverse bio...
Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) has been identified as a group of enzymes that catalyze cytosine deamination in single-stranded (ss) DNA to form uracil, causing somatic mutations in some cancers. We analyze...
Cancer genomes accumulate nucleotide sequence variations that number in the tens of thousands per genome. A prominent fraction of these mutations is thought to arise as a consequence of the off-target activity of DNA/RNA editing cytosine deaminases....
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic peptide 3 (APOBEC3) proteins are critical host proteins that counteract and prevent the replication of retroviruses. Unlike the genome of humans and other species, the mouse genome encodes a single Apob...
We present a large-scale analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) substitutions, considering 1,585,456 high-quality raw sequencing samples, aimed at investigating the existence and quantifying the effect of mutational...
Human APOBEC3 (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3) enzymes are capable of inhibiting a wide range of endogenous and exogenous viruses using deaminase and deaminase-independent mechanisms. These enzymes are essential components...
The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) enzyme family in humans has 11 members with diverse functions in metabolism and immunity [...]
RNA editing is an epitranscriptomic modification, leading to targeted changes in RNA transcripts. It is mediated by the action of ADAR (adenosine deaminases acting on double-stranded (ds) RNA and APOBEC (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic...
Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3; A3) proteins comprise an important family of restriction factors that produce hypermutations on proviral DNA and are able to limit virus replication. Vif, an accessory protei...
Chemokine receptor type 6 (CCR6)+CD4+ T cells are preferentially infected and depleted during HIV disease progression, but are preserved in non-progressors. CCR6 is expressed on a heterogeneous population of memory CD4+ T cells that are critical to m...
APOBEC3 enzymes contribute significantly to DNA mutagenesis in cancer. These enzymes are also capable of converting C bases at specific positions of RNAs to U. However, the prevalence and significance of this C-to-U RNA editing in any cancer is curre...
RNA editing is a significant mechanism underlying genetic variation and protein molecule alteration; C-to-U RNA editing, specifically, is important in the regulation of mammalian genetic diversity. The ability to define and limit accesses of enzymati...
Intrinsic factors of the innate immune system include the apolipoprotein B editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) protein family. APOBEC3 inhibits replication of different virus families by cytosine deamination of viral DNA and a not f...
Longitudinal tumor sequencing of recurrent bladder cancer (BC) can facilitate the investigation of BC progression-associated genomic and transcriptomic alterations. In this study, we analyzed 18 tumor specimens including distant and locoregional meta...
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