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APOBEC3 Interference during Replication of Viral Genomes
by
Luc Willems 1,2 and
Nicolas Albert Gillet 1,2,*
Luc Willems 1,2 and
Nicolas Albert Gillet 1,2,*
1
Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA) of University of Liège (ULg), B34, 1 avenue de L'Hôpital, Sart-Tilman Liège 4000, Belgium
2
Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULg), 13 avenue Maréchal Juin, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: David Boehr
Viruses 2015, 7(6), 2999-3018; https://doi.org/10.3390/v7062757
Received: 29 April 2015 / Revised: 26 May 2015 / Accepted: 4 June 2015 / Published: 11 June 2015
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Replication Complexes: Structures, Functions, Applications and Inhibitors)
Co-evolution of viruses and their hosts has reached a fragile and dynamic equilibrium that allows viral persistence, replication and transmission. In response, infected hosts have developed strategies of defense that counteract the deleterious effects of viral infections. In particular, single-strand DNA editing by Apolipoprotein B Editing Catalytic subunits proteins 3 (APOBEC3s) is a well-conserved mechanism of mammalian innate immunity that mutates and inactivates viral genomes. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of APOBEC3 editing during viral replication, the viral strategies that prevent APOBEC3 activity and the consequences of APOBEC3 modulation on viral fitness and host genome integrity. Understanding the mechanisms involved reveals new prospects for therapeutic intervention.
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Keywords:
viral replication; quasi-species; hypo-mutation; hyper-mutation; APOBEC3; cytidine deaminase
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MDPI and ACS Style
Willems, L.; Gillet, N.A. APOBEC3 Interference during Replication of Viral Genomes. Viruses 2015, 7, 2999-3018.
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