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The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system represents one of the most polymorphic genetic systems in humans and plays a central role in immune recognition. This review explores the complex relationship between HLA polymorphism and allergenicity. Allerg...
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease increasingly recognized as part of a broader atopic and type 2 inflammatory spectrum rather than a condition confined to the skin alone. Although its dermatologic burden is well established, it...
Severe pediatric asthma remains a significant clinical challenge despite advances in conventional therapy. Some children continue to experience persistent symptoms, recurrent exacerbations, and substantial morbidity despite optimized treatment with i...
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an increasingly common condition among athletes due to repeated exposure to sport-specific equipment, environmental allergens, and topical products. Sweating and repetitive cutaneous trauma facilitate allergen pen...
Pediatric food allergy is an increasing public health challenge associated with severe allergic reactions, psychosocial burden, and healthcare inequalities. This study aimed to characterise molecular sensitisation patterns among Bulgarian children wi...
Background: Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) with severe ocular complications (SOCs) are devastating mucocutaneous disorders characterized by chronic ocular surface inflammation and epithelial damage. Although...
Biologic therapies have significantly improved outcomes for patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD), yet access to these treatments remains uneven and frequently limited. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on insurance-relate...
Eosinophilia is a heterogeneous clinical finding ranging from benign reactive states to clonal hematologic disorders associated with significant morbidity. This narrative, practical clinical review provides a structured, mechanism-based approach to t...
Background: Allergic respiratory diseases, primarily asthma and allergic rhinitis, affect hundreds of millions worldwide. Their rising prevalence reflects complex gene–environment interactions that the exposome framework organizes into external...
Background: Brazilian wasp venoms represent a clinically relevant yet underexplored source of bioactive molecules with important implications for allergy, toxicology, and neuropharmacology. This review discusses the biological and immunological activ...
Allergic diseases are increasing globally, particularly among children, who are highly vulnerable due to critical windows of immune development. This review examines climate change as a key environmental determinant driving the rising burden of pedia...
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by diverse and evolving clinical manifestations, often resulting in delayed diagnosis and increased morbidity. Although traditionally viewed as distinct, allergic...
Approximately 10% of the general population reports a penicillin allergy, making it one of the most commonly documented drug allergies in clinical practice. Yet formal evaluation confirms true hypersensitivity in fewer than 10% of these cases. This g...
Food allergy (FA) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) represent two of the most rapidly increasing allergen-driven conditions in pediatric medicine. Both diseases share key immunological features, including Th2 polarization and epithelial barrier dysf...
The Special Issue “Feature Papers 2025” of Allergies comprises nine contributions that cover a wide range of allergy-related concerns [...]
The widespread use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in clinical practice has increased the number of related hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). The active ingredient is not always responsible for the reaction. In some cases, HSRs may be related to th...
Type 2 inflammation is a central immunopathogenic driver of chronic immune-mediated disease, characterized by IgE polarization, eosinophilia, epithelial barrier disruption, and tissue remodeling. In veterinary medicine, especially in canine atopic an...
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an increasingly prevalent metabolic disorder of pregnancy. Beyond its well-established metabolic consequences, growing evidence suggests that exposure to maternal hyperglycemia during fetal life may...
Bacterial and fungal airway communities play a critical role in allergic respiratory diseases, yet they are often studied independently despite evidence of cross-kingdom ecological interactions. We investigated bacterial–fungal interactions acr...
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory dermatosis characterized by pruritus, eczematous lesions, and a fluctuating course. It imposes substantial quality-of-life and economic burdens through sleep disturbance, pain, psychosocial...
Background: Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a common cause of gastrointestinal and dermatologic symptoms in infancy. In clinical practice, infants with atopic dermatitis (AD) and suspected non-IgE-mediated CMPA are frequently managed with...
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory syndrome of the sinonasal mucosa that is imperfectly captured by phenotypes with or without nasal polyps. Since allergic rhinitis (AR) and atopy often occur alongside CRS, the term “a...
Background: High dietary salt intake has been implicated in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases; however, its impact on allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) remains unclear. This study examined whether dietary salt exposure during the sensitization ph...
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Chronic urticaria (CU) is a mast cell-driven inflammatory skin disorder characterized by recurrent wheals, angioedema, or both lasting more than six weeks, often resulting in significant impairment of quality of life. Although CU has traditionally be...
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a type 2 inflammatory disease effectively treated with dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 signaling. Dupilumab is an effective treatment for type 2 inflammatory diseases...
Background: Current recommendations for infant weaning suggest the early introduction of solid and diverse foods. Although homemade meals are advisable, there is a demand for commercially available complementary foods (CACFs), and the information pre...
(1) Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory condition of nasal mucosa that impairs quality of life (QOL). Beyond pharmacological treatments, some patients seek non-pharmacological options due to side effects or incomplete symptom control. Al...
Urticaria is a mast cell-mediated disorder commonly encountered in women of reproductive age, making its interaction with pregnancy clinically relevant. Gestation induces profound hormonal and immunologic adaptations—including shifts between Th...
Introduction: The potential role of food hypersensitivity in the insurgence of inflammatory activity in arthritis such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has received intermittent attention, also supported by theoretical links involving mucosal immunity, m...
Penicillin allergy delabelling improves patient outcomes, reduces healthcare costs, and supports antimicrobial stewardship. While PADL protocols (PADL-P) are increasingly used in clinical practice, the consistency of Australian PADL-Ps and their alig...
Background: Dermatitis affecting the earlobe is a highly frequent clinical presentation, predominantly attributed to Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) caused by metallic ions like nickel from earrings. However, a significant subset of patients presen...
Food allergy diagnosis remains challenging due to the difficulty of distinguishing true clinical allergy from asymptomatic sensitization. Inaccurate diagnosis may result in unnecessary dietary restrictions, reduced quality of life, or, conversely, fa...
Background: Presence of milk, fruits, eggs, fish, nuts and wheat antigens in the amniotic fluid is described in the literature. Studies show a contradictory relationship between maternal exposure to allergens and early sensitization of the fetus to a...
Lupin (Lupinus spp.) is increasingly incorporated into processed foods as a gluten-free ingredient and alternative protein source, but it is also a regulated allergen in the European Union due to cross-reactivity with other legumes, especially peanut...
Shellfish allergy is among the most common food allergies (FAs) worldwide and represents a severe immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated FA with tropomyosin functioning as the predominant pan-allergen. Current management of shellfish allergies is strictly p...
Pediatric food allergies are an escalating public health concern, with nut allergies representing a primary cause of persistent hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. New data suggests that pediatric populations with multiple nut allergies (MNA) may be at...
Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is an emerging, relatively newly recognized allergic disorder with clinical manifestations that occur as a result of hypersensitivity reactions to oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), a carbohydrate...
Background: Pruritus is burdensome across dermatoses. Beyond Staphylococcus, broader components of the cutaneous microbiome—bacteria, fungi, and viruses—and their products shape itch via barrier disruption, immune polarization, and direct...
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease marked by pruritus and eczematous lesions that significantly impacts patient quality of life. This review covers the intricate interplay of barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and m...
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR) are common comorbid sinonasal conditions. CRS is classically divided into two distinct phenotypes: CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP). The purpose of this...
Severe asthma is a heterogeneous condition often resistant to conventional corticosteroid therapy, necessitating the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This study investigates immunological, transcriptional, and proteomic bio...
Atopic eczema is the most prevalent chronic dermatitis in childhood, characterised by relapsing pruritic lesions and significant heterogeneity in clinical expression and immunological profile. The disease impacts quality of life and healthcare system...
Background/Objectives: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder increasingly recognized for its association with psychiatric comorbidities. However, the extent of this association compared to dermatologic controls in Asian popul...
Glucocorticoids (GCs) remain the cornerstone of asthma treatment due to their potent anti-inflammatory and eosinophil-suppressive effects in the airways, including the induction of peripheral eosinophil apoptosis and downregulation of type 2 cytokine...
Both allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps have important factors in common with asthma. They are often present simultaneously, they have similar pathogenesis processes, and they have synergistic effects on the cli...
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different dosimetric parameters of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in an experimental model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). C57BL/6 mice were assigned to the following groups: Baseline, C...
Pruritus (itching) is an underrecognized but often debilitating symptom in patients with central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). It is often considered...
Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is a seasonally recurrent allergic dermatitis representing one of the most prevalent dermatological conditions in horses worldwide. This condition, driven by hypersensitivity to salivary allergens of Culicoides spp....
Mast cells (MC) are key effector cells in allergic diseases and are increasingly recognized for their roles in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB). In allergic conditions, MCs are hyperactivated, driving T-helper Type 2 (Th2)-skewed immune re...
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