1 January 2026
Background/Objectives: Menstrual blood, a periodic uterine discharge, represents a non-invasive source for an indication of the functional status of the endometrium. While menstrual blood-derived stem cells have been extensively characterized and men...
The recent trends in decreasing population all over the world are cause of concern, especially in developed countries. Socioeconomic factors as well as age, physiological, and environmental issues are the main contributors in limiting the number of c...
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are complex pregnancy disorders characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, increased blood glucose levels, and metabolic dysfunction. Methods: We investigated lymphocyte prolifera...
Background/Objectives: Non-receptive endometrium is associated with recurrent implantation failure, which leads to a decrease in the frequency of pregnancy during IVF; therefore, new treatment methods such as the use of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) are...
Background/Objectives: Cervical insufficiency remains a leading cause of second-trimester pregnancy loss and early preterm birth. Although single-level cerclage techniques such as McDonald or Shirodkar are widely accepted, the potential advantages of...
Background: The management of symptomatic uterine fibroids in women of reproductive age remains a clinical challenge, with uterine preservation being a primary objective in order to safeguard fertility. To date, no clear consensus has been establishe...
Background/Objectives: Serum progesterone (P) levels on the day of frozen–thawed embryo transfer (FET) appear to influence treatment success. Some studies suggest that low P levels may negatively affect pregnancy outcomes, whereas others report...
We carried out a comprehensive literature search for publications on the range of vascular events that have been linked to adenomyosis. This covered vascular diseases, blood coagulation disorders, thrombosis, hypercoagulation, stroke (embolic, ischem...
Objectives: Female fertility is increasingly threatened by environmental pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and NO2), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (BPA, phthalates, PFAS, and PCBs), and microplastics. These exposures are associated w...
Background and Clinical Significance: This article presents a clinical case of persistent umbilical vein of the extrahepatic type in a fetus. The features, diagnosis, and prognosis of this rare vascular anomaly, as well as the applied pregnancy monit...
Background/Objectives: There is a paucity of research studying point-of-care ultrasound in the pregnant population, despite the rising incidence of maternal medical complications and, in particular, preeclampsia. This study sought to compare the infe...
Background: Infertility is a multifactorial condition that causes significant emotional distress and financial burden for couples. Despite advances in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), many patients experience recurrent implantation failure...
Introduction: Maternal thrombophilia is associated with numerous obstetric complications, often occurring without overt clinical manifestations during pregnancy. Histological evaluation of the placenta can provide valuable insights into the etiology...
Background/Objective: Dyspareunia negatively affects women’s lives. Up to 35% suffer from postpartum dyspareunia. Many factors may influence the occurrence of postpartum dyspareunia, but little is known about them. This study aimed to look at t...
Background: The human fetal adrenal gland is a unique endocrine organ with distinct morphology and functional dynamics, which is significantly different from the postnatal adrenal. Its rapid growth and vital steroidogenic role during gestation have p...
Telemedicine has emerged as a promising tool in obstetric and reproductive healthcare, offering new possibilities for patient-centered care delivery. This literature review explores its impact across key areas, including abortion, assisted reproducti...
Background/Objectives: Classified as a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The abnormal trophoblast invasion that leads to a failed transformation of the uterine...
Primary care providers are increasingly tasked with providing basic gynecologic care, including contraceptive therapy, to their patients. In the United States, oral contraceptive pills are the most frequently prescribed form of contraception; thus, i...
Background: Cornual pregnancy (CP) is a rare but life-threatening form of ectopic pregnancy. Severe complications include uterine rupture and massive hemorrhage, often requiring complex surgical management despite prompt intervention. We report a cas...
Pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with a high risk of maternal and perinatal complications, and achieving optimal glycaemic control remains a clinical challenge. This article presents a narrative review of the evid...
Background/Objectives: Outpatient operative hysteroscopy is a cornerstone in the management of intrauterine pathologies within reproductive medicine. However, procedural pain and anxiety remain key barriers leading to failed procedures and referrals...
Objectives: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of the modified technique of radical organ-preserving surgery of invasive cervical cancer (CC) in patients of reproductive age. Methods: This study included 118 patients of reproductive...
Background/Objectives: Legal access to cannabinoids is increasing, and patients with chronic pelvic pain from endometriosis were hypothesized to explore and find benefit from the use of marijuana for symptom management. A survey of women with endomet...
Background: Outpatient operative hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine pathologies, including intrauterine adhesions (IUAs), which significantly affect fertility. Despite its therap...
Background and Clinical Significance: Cervical ectopic pregnancy (CEP) is a rare and potentially serious condition, in which the embryo implants within the cervical canal rather than the uterine cavity and is present in less than 1% of all ectopic pr...
Background/Objective: Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (PRAKI) remains a serious complication, with high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries where delayed diagnosis and treatment are common. This study...
Background: Preimplantation genetic testing for polygenic diseases (PGT-P) is a reproductive technology that has made it possible to assign risk scores to embryos for various complex polygenic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, breast cancer,...
Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy among women, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges during pregnancy. Case presentation: This case report presents the treatment of a 32-year-old pregnant woman diagno...
Objectives: To investigate the impact of α-chymotrypsin treatment on sperm recovery rate and total motile sperm count (TMC) in highly viscous semen for intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF), particularly in cases of s...
Background/Objective: Fertility relies on efficient energy metabolism in gametes, which is largely determined by mitochondrial activity. The mitochondrial chaperone complex HSP60/HSP10 folds the majority of mitochondrial matrix proteins and thus enab...
Chromosomal defects are a significant cause of perinatal death and childhood disability, occurring in 3.6–6.0 per 1000 births in unscreened populations. Common chromosomal defects include trisomy 21, 18, and 13, triploidy, and sex chromosome ab...
Chronic endometritis (CE) is a persistent, often asymptomatic inflammatory condition of the endometrium, increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to infertility and recurrent implantation failure. Despite its clinical significance, CE remai...
Background/Objectives: In the past 50 years, human reproductive capacity has steadily declined with elusive and idiopathic origins. Amongst theorized causes, oxidative stress has been proposed to directly contribute to male infertility. The glutathio...
Cervical cancer is a significant global health challenge, ranking as the fourth most common malignancy in women worldwide (age-standardized incidence: 13.3/100,000). In the UK, prevalence is markedly lower (7.6/100,000) compared to global averages, a...
Background/Objectives: Barbed sutures have been recognised to offer numerous advantages compared to traditional sutures in minimally invasive procedures including holding tension. However, they are also associated with increased reports of small bowe...
Background/Objectives: This study examines index pregnancies with histopathological diagnosis of placenta accreta, based on findings of basal plate myometrial fibers (BPMFs) without intervening decidua, and the risk of hemorrhagic morbidity and/or cl...
Pelvic floor fistulas are abnormal communications between the lower urinary tract and/or anorectum and the female genital tract. Classification systems for female pelvic floor fistulas have existed for over 150 years. At present, there is no consensu...
Background/Objective: Preterm births disproportionately affect low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where evidence-based interventions to improve birth outcomes are lacking. The objective of this study was to systematically review, collate, and...
Background/Objective: Actinomyces is a genus of anaerobic gram-positive bacteria. It forms part of human body microbiota commonly in the oral cavity and genital tract. During pregnancy, the organism may cause the rare chorioamnionitis, where the...
Background/Objectives: Evans’ syndrome (ES) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the simultaneous or sequential onset of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Given its rarity, available data concerning...
Background and Clinical Significance: Anti-Leucine-rich glioma inactivated-1 (anti-LGI1) encephalitis is a rare, autoimmune disorder often presenting with limbic encephalitis. The reported incidence of anti-LGI1 is 0.83/million/year, with elderly mal...
Background and Clinical Significance: Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) are a rare diagnosis, especially in the adolescent population. This can make initial management and surveillance strategies difficult, given the limited guidelines and experience...
Background: Diagnoses for right lower quadrant pain in women must include both gynecologic and non-gynecologic causes. In this differential, ovarian torsion and appendicitis are both serious etiologies that can require swift surgical intervention. Ov...
Background/Objectives: In the postpartum period, approximately 12% of patients seek care in the emergency department (ED), with a higher representation of Black patients. Hypertension is a common reason for ED visits during this period, often leading...
Background/Objectives: Previous literature has described that non-white pregnant patients are at increased risk of severe morbidity from obstetric hemorrhage (OBH). Here, we investigate whether such disparities are secondary to delay in the administr...
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the global challenge of inadequate data on SARS-CoV-2’s effects on pregnant women and their infants. In response, Slovakia, along with other countries, launched a nationwide study to assess the inci...
Introduction: A Skene’s gland cyst is a rare gynecological disorder, and the cause of an adult onset is largely unknown. However, periurethral and perineal cystic lesions are common, causing often indistinguishable symptoms. Therefore, accurate...
Background/Objectives: Adverse pregnancy outcomes correlate with blood glucose levels in women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). There is a gap between the glycaemic targets and the blood glucose control achieved in pregnancy. This study aimed to investig...
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), although rare, is a potentially fatal obstetrical disorder. It is characterized by acute liver failure of varying degrees with associated coagulopathy that occurs often in the third trimester of pregnancy. The f...
Endometriosis is a common benign gynecologic disorder associated with infertility and pelvic pain, affecting 6–11% of reproductive-age females, and can frequently lead to the formation of ovarian endometriomas. Mature cystic teratomas are benig...
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