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(1) Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection that remains a significant public health concern in endemic regions. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in a tertiary care hospital, analyze associated risk factors, and evaluate th...

The introduction of significantly shorter, all-oral regimens has significantly shifted the management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) towards a more tolerable and patient-centred therapeutic approach that aims to enhance treatment adherence, c...

The Democratic Republic of the Congo faces a high tuberculosis (TB) burden. In 2022, 61% of an estimated 402,000 TB cases were reported (World Health Organization Global tuberculosis report). To enhance case detection, the national TB program (NTP) i...

Background: Acute hepatitis E (AHE) poses escalating risks to older adults (≥65 years), compounded by immunosenescence and comorbidities. Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, this study analyzes global AHE burden, trends, and projection...

Background: Thyroid tuberculosis abscesses (TTA) are rare manifestations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, with the available literature consisting almost exclusively of individual case reports and small observational series. This systematic review aim...

In malaria-endemic regions, women remain vulnerable to Plasmodium falciparum infection at the time of delivery. However, the immunological mechanisms underlying infection-associated inflammation in primigravid women remain poorly characterized. This...

The convergence of climate change, migration, and health represents a critical global challenge, with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region illustrating acute vulnerabilities while offering insight relevant beyond the region. Increasing expo...

Brucella infection is frequently acquired by inhalation, but the pathogen disseminates systemically from the lungs. However, little is known about the interaction of Brucella spp. with the airways. Using a 3D air-exposed organotypic human bronchial t...

Background Expanded dengue syndrome represents a severe and atypical spectrum of dengue virus infection characterized by multisystem involvement beyond classic manifestations. While mild gastrointestinal symptoms are common in classic dengue, expande...

Strongyloidiasis is traditionally regarded as a tropical disease; however, in the Valencian Community (Spain), it has historically been linked to localized endemic foci considered of declining relevance. This was a multicenter regional case series st...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern globally, despite sustained declines in incidence in many countries. Kazakhstan has implemented long-term national TB control strategies; however, comprehensive nationwide analyses i...

In the published publication [...]

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease which is predominantly endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. In Bangladesh, 321,179 dengue cases were reported in 2023, followed by 101,214 cases in 2024, which highlights a severe and ongoing public...

Schistosomiasis elimination is increasingly constrained less by the technical efficacy of single interventions than by systemic dynamics in coupled human–animal–environment settings, including nonlinear feedback, spatial heterogeneity, an...

Objective: We aimed to describe the clinical features and treatment outcomes of pediatric patients with leishmaniasis. Methods: This retrospective study included pediatric patients (>1 month–18 years) diagnosed with leishmaniasis at Şan...

Chagas disease remains a major public health concern in Latin America, with Bolivia reporting one of the highest burdens of infection. While congenital transmission has become the predominant route of new infections in several countries, vector-borne...

Leptospirosis remains a public health concern in the Philippines. Conventional diagnostic methods, including the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and qPCR, are routinely used for outbreak response and surveillance. However, these methods often yi...

In countries where Dengue virus is endemic, the occurrence of outbreaks and epidemic events is strongly associated with viral genomic evolution. In addition, the introduction of a new agent, such as Zika virus, in a naive population and its concomita...

Background: Recent diagnostic methods have enabled the detection of often culture-negative pathogens, including anaerobic bacteria from the oral cavity. Characterising the microbial diversity and co-occurrence of bacteria in such infections is import...

During the 2024/2025 wet season, Townsville had its first sustained autochthonous outbreak of dengue disease caused by dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2), the second locally transmitted outbreak of dengue since 2014 following the introduction of wMel strai...

Background: Rickettsial diseases are endemic in southeastern Mexico, yet their potential subclinical cardiac effects remain poorly understood. Although severe spotted fever and typhus group infections may cause myocarditis and arrhythmias, limited ev...

Dengue remains a public health concern in Singapore, with endemic transmission and recurring outbreaks. This study presents results from a Singapore-focused subgroup of the Growth and Emerging Markets Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (GEMKAP) cros...

Rabies remains a zoonotic public health problem in Ghana despite the availability of effective preventive measures, including mass dog vaccination and timely post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). We conducted a community-based cross-sectional mixed-method...

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito-borne neglected tropical disease that causes substantial morbidity and social exclusion. Global efforts under the World Health Organization’s Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis have marked...

Nationwide hospital discharge databases are increasingly used in infectious disease research, yet their methodological strengths and limitations are rarely synthesised. In Spain, the Minimum Basic Data Set (Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Dat...

Melioidosis is increasingly recognised in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide as a serious and potentially fatal bacterial infection affecting humans and animals, acquired from the environment. Until now, human cases of melioidosis had not bee...

Clinical trajectories following Trypanosoma cruzi infection are heterogeneous, and the determinants of post-treatment parasitological dynamics and cardiac progression remain incompletely characterized, particularly in TcI-predominant regions. This st...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, with transmission influenced by the incidence of contagious people with TB, the duration of infectivity, and the probability of contact with susceptible individuals. This review s...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a persistent public health challenge in Mexico, particularly in large urban settings marked by social heterogeneity. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis and treated at a tertiary...

Communicable diseases remain a significant public health burden in South Africa, particularly where environmental determinants of health intersect with fragmented surveillance systems. Environmental Health Practitioners (EHPs) are legally mandated to...

Rabies remains a fatal yet preventable zoonotic disease, and understanding population-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) is essential to guide national elimination strategies. This nationwide cross-sectional study assessed rabies-related...

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito-borne neglected tropical disease targeted by the World Health Organization (WHO) for global elimination as a public health problem. Sixteen Pacific Island countries and territories were historically endemic, an...

Dengue virus (DENV) is a major public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions, including the Pacific. Temperature is recognised as a major driver of transmission under climate change. Understanding how higher temperatures may alter DENV tr...

With population aging, the burden of tuberculosis (TB) among the elderly is rising. Older adults are at high risk of TB but susceptible to poor TB care. In this study, we enrolled TB patients aged over 60 years registered in Shanghai during 2019&ndas...

Emerging evidence suggests that certain cestodes, including Taenia solium, may actively modulate the host’s hormonal and immune environment to facilitate their survival. This study aimed to determine whether patients diagnosed with neurocystice...

Background: In tropical regions, dengue and leptospirosis coexist and share a nonspecific clinical onset that hinders timely diagnosis. Coinfection may worsen the clinical course and increase mortality. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of dengue...

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a highly contagious disease with variable clinical presentation. Severe forms are more common in patients with pre-existing chronic conditions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of the...

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains a leading cause of mortality among people with advanced HIV disease (AHD) in sub-Saharan Africa. Current guidelines recommend induction therapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine, typically administer...

Tungiasis, caused by the sand flea Tunga penetrans, results in itching and pain. Effective treatments, such as dimeticones, are often unaffordable. A 3% phenothrin lotion has shown safety and efficacy in Kenyan trials. This study compared the cure ra...

Loiasis exists in regions where malaria is highly endemic, yet few studies have investigated their association as concomitant infectious diseases. Secondary data analysis from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Gabon (2015–2016) was performe...

The Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) is a species-specific, eco-friendly mosquito control method that relies on releasing Wolbachia-infected males, which induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), rendering eggs inviable when mating with wild female...

Background: Tuberculosis remains a major global public health challenge, particularly among children. This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the global, regional, and national burden of tuberculosis among children (0–14 years)...

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) poses an increasing global public health threat, as evidenced by the significant 2025 Foshan outbreak in China. Rapid, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is critical for outbreak response but is challenged by primer mismatches ac...

Malaria remains one of the main public health problems in Mauritania, and it is essential to identify the factors that determine the distribution and productivity of Anopheles breeding sites in order to develop more effective control strategies. A lo...

Infectious diseases remain a major global health challenge, underscoring the need for safe and accessible antiviral therapies. Natural products, particularly marine macroalgae, are promising sources of bioactive compounds with antiviral properties. T...

Dengue and chikungunya are endemic arboviral diseases in many low- and middle-income countries, often co-circulating and presenting with overlapping symptoms that hinder early diagnosis. Timely differentiation is critical, especially in resource-limi...

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) exhibit vertical stratification patterns in forest environments, a fundamental ecological aspect for understanding niche occupation patterns, host-seeking behavior, and consequently arbovirus transmission mechanisms. D...

Background and objectives: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a recognized complication in people living with HIV (PLHIV) that remains under-addressed, particularly in Malaysia. Known contributing factors for low BMD include advanced age, HIV infectio...

Tuberculosis (TB) rarely occurs in isolation; most people with TB experience multiple coexisting conditions, including HIV, diabetes, undernutrition, depression, and substance use disorders, which worsen disease severity and compromise treatment outc...

Tuberculosis remains a major public health concern in Uganda, one among the thirty high TB burden countries globally. Despite national progress, gaps persist due to asymptomatic disease, diagnostic limitations, and uneven access to healthcare within...