Journal Description
Sustainability
Sustainability
is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal on environmental, cultural, economic, and social sustainability of human beings, published semimonthly online by MDPI. The Canadian Urban Transit Research & Innovation Consortium (CUTRIC), International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) and Urban Land Institute (ULI) are affiliated with Sustainability and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE and SSCI (Web of Science), GEOBASE, GeoRef, Inspec, RePEc, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Environmental Studies) / CiteScore - Q1 (Geography, Planning and Development)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 17.9 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2025).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Sustainability.
- Companion journals for Sustainability include: World, Sustainable Chemistry, Conservation, Future Transportation, Architecture, Standards, Merits, Bioresources and Bioproducts, Accounting and Auditing, Environmental Remediation and Green.
- Journal Cluster of Environmental Science: Sustainability, Land, Clean Technologies, Environments, Nitrogen, Recycling, Urban Science, Safety, Air, Waste, Aerobiology and Toxics.
Impact Factor:
3.3 (2024);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.6 (2024)
Latest Articles
A Dual-Scale Assessment System for Urban River Networks Based on the URBAN Framework
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5279; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115279 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2026
Abstract
Urban river networks face significant ecological challenges due to intensive urbanization. Traditional assessment methods focus mainly on individual rivers and overlook cross-scale connections. To fill this research gap, the study refined the Urban Riverscape Conditions-based Assessment for Management Needs (URBAN) framework and developed
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Urban river networks face significant ecological challenges due to intensive urbanization. Traditional assessment methods focus mainly on individual rivers and overlook cross-scale connections. To fill this research gap, the study refined the Urban Riverscape Conditions-based Assessment for Management Needs (URBAN) framework and developed a dual-scale assessment system covering the entire river network and individual rivers. It evaluates hydrology, geomorphology, ecology, and the waterfront public service dimension. Taking the Qingxi area of Shanghai as a case study, this study integrated multi-source data and adopted field investigations, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and principal component analysis (PCA) to collect field data, calculate indicator weights, and extract dominant functional factors. The results show that the overall comprehensive health score of the study area is 59.39, classified as average; the river network scale scores 58.34, and the 21 monitored rivers achieve an average score of 61.80. The assessment identifies clear advantages in hydrological and geomorphological conditions, whereas waterfront public services and river morphological diversity are still deficient. Overall, this system demonstrates good operability and scientific validity, providing practical technical approaches for sustainable urban river network management and supporting refined watershed governance.
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(This article belongs to the Section Social Ecology and Sustainability)
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Mapping the Vocabulary of Sustainable Architecture Through Keyword Identification
by
Lea Kazanecka-Olejnik, Kajetan Sadowski and Anna Bać
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5278; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115278 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2026
Abstract
The integration of sustainability into higher education architectural curricula and student Diploma Projects (DPs) remains limited, necessitating further investigation to improve overall outcomes. This study aims to identify, characterise, and compare existing keyword sources to determine their efficacy in detecting sustainability-related solutions within
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The integration of sustainability into higher education architectural curricula and student Diploma Projects (DPs) remains limited, necessitating further investigation to improve overall outcomes. This study aims to identify, characterise, and compare existing keyword sources to determine their efficacy in detecting sustainability-related solutions within DPs and to define the characteristics of the most suitable datasets for this purpose. A total of 132 academic, professional, and policy-related Keyword Databases (KDs) were identified and analysed through a multi-stage process. Nine of the best-performing KDs were selected for further development into Keyword Search Lists (KSLs), and their effectiveness in identifying sustainability-related solutions in DPs’ descriptions was tested, confirming the correlation of the results with expert assessments. As a result, a method for identifying, developing, and analysing KSLs was developed, titled Mapping the Linguistic Landscape of Architectural Sustainability (MLLAS). This framework provides a practical tool for the large-scale analysis of how sustainable development is linguistically represented within architectural theses, as well as a theoretical basis for understanding the level of sustainability’s incorporation in architectural education. The results indicate that keyword search constitutes an effective identification method within DPs, regardless of KSL size. The future implementation of the MLLAS framework has been proposed.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Education for a Sustainable Future: A Global Development Necessity)
Open AccessArticle
Research on the Coordinated Development of Natural Resource Utilization and Ecological Resilience in Inland Area
by
Ziyu Luo, Dejiang Luo, Lisha Guo and Hao Zhou
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5277; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115277 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2026
Abstract
China’s inland regions are vital for territorial spatial planning and sustainable development due to their abundant resources. However, the dynamic coordination between natural resource utilization (NRU) and ecological resilience (ER) remains poorly understood. Using panel data from 20 inland provinces in China (2009–2023),
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China’s inland regions are vital for territorial spatial planning and sustainable development due to their abundant resources. However, the dynamic coordination between natural resource utilization (NRU) and ecological resilience (ER) remains poorly understood. Using panel data from 20 inland provinces in China (2009–2023), this study constructs NRU and ER evaluation systems, with ER assessed through the Pressure–State–Response (PSR) framework. Indicator weights are determined using an AHP–entropy method. Kernel density, panel vector autoregression (P-VAR), and coupling coordination models are applied to examine spatiotemporal evolution patterns, coordination levels, and interaction mechanisms between NRU and ER. The results show that: (1) The NRU index rises overall, peaking around 2020 (0.706), while the intensity of resource development continues to decline. Regional disparities widen, resulting in a spatial pattern of development intensity that was higher in the west and lower in the east. (2) The ER index continues to rise, accelerating at certain stages, and reaches a peak (0.723) between 2018 and 2020. Geographically, the eastern region led the way, with values decreasing in a stepwise manner, and regional disparities showed relatively gradual changes. (3) The degree of coordination between the two continues to improve, evolving from a “low level of dispersion” to a “medium-to-high level of concentration.” This has resulted in a pattern where the eastern region leads, followed by the central and southwestern regions in succession. Specifically, the EC index rose from 0.429 to 0.615, and the CC index rose from 0.384 to 0.533. Eastern and Central China have already reached a medium level of coordination, while Northwest and Southwest China remain primarily at a basic level of coordination. (4) Significant bidirectional dynamic interactions exist between the NRU and ER, with asymmetric pathways. By region, the NE, EC, and NC exhibit greater fluctuations and higher system sensitivity, while the CC experiences more concentrated short-term shocks; the SW and NW exhibit relatively smoother responses and converge more rapidly. Policy implications highlight the need for region-specific coordination strategies, better alignment between resource development and ecological protection, and enhanced cross-regional governance to support sustainable inland development.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Utilization of Resources for Environmental Enhancement)
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Fiscal Intermediaries, Transfer Delivery, and Sustainable Local Growth: Evidence from China’s Province-Managed-County Reform
by
Jianfeng Liu, Yanying Wei, Saihong Wang and Zuoji Dong
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5276; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115276 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2026
Abstract
County economic growth in multi-tiered fiscal systems depends not only on the volume of transfers but also on whether those transfers pass through intermediary governments. This paper separates administrative delegation from fiscal chain redesign in province-managed county reforms in China. We study 1537
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County economic growth in multi-tiered fiscal systems depends not only on the volume of transfers but also on whether those transfers pass through intermediary governments. This paper separates administrative delegation from fiscal chain redesign in province-managed county reforms in China. We study 1537 counties from 2000 to 2023 and compare D2, which creates direct province–county fiscal accounts, with D1, which delegates administrative authority but keeps the prefectural intermediary. The empirical design uses panel difference-in-differences estimators, synthetic difference-in-differences, double machine learning robustness checks, and exploratory heterogeneity diagnostics. Based on a placebo-corrected lower bound and a cross-estimator upper bound, D2 is associated with a conservative growth range of 0.35 to 1.0 percentage points per year, while the D1 estimate is imprecise. D2 is also associated with higher contemporaneous per capita fiscal expenditure, but the one-year lagged mediator check does not support a fully identified expenditure mechanism. Heterogeneity patterns are consistent with stronger effects in transfer-dependent counties, but they remain exploratory. The outcome is county economic growth, not a composite sustainability index. The results support a focused governance claim. More reliable transfer delivery is consistent with improved local growth capacity, while fiscal, social, and environmental sustainability remain outside the measured outcome space.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Economics, Policies and Sustainable Development)
Open AccessArticle
A Multi-Objective MATLAB–FEM Framework for Sustainable Impressed-Current Cathodic Protection of DC-Electrified Railway Infrastructure
by
Apiwat Aussawamaykin and Padej Pao-la-or
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5275; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115275 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2026
Abstract
Stray-current corrosion from DC-electrified railways drives premature failure of buried metallic infrastructure (pipelines, foundations, tunnel reinforcement), causing resource waste, repair-driven carbon emissions and service disruptions that undermine the sustainability of urban transit corridors. Conventional impressed-current cathodic protection (ICCP) design relies on uniform-anode rules
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Stray-current corrosion from DC-electrified railways drives premature failure of buried metallic infrastructure (pipelines, foundations, tunnel reinforcement), causing resource waste, repair-driven carbon emissions and service disruptions that undermine the sustainability of urban transit corridors. Conventional impressed-current cathodic protection (ICCP) design relies on uniform-anode rules of thumb or closed commercial codes that cannot quantify the trade-off between protection uniformity, energy use and hardware cost. We present an open MATLAB framework that couples a custom 3D finite element method (FEM) solver with multi-objective particle swarm optimisation (MOPSO) and minimises three competing objectives simultaneously: total impressed current, RMS deviation from the protection target, and number of active anodes. A laboratory-calibrated coupling factor ( , consistent with the image-method prediction of 2 for a highly conductive pipe inclusion) absorbs the pipe–soil interface kinetics into a single direct FEM solve, and a pre-computed Green’s-function basis accelerates each MOPSO evaluation by more than two orders of magnitude. The solver is validated against an instrumented prototype with RMSE mV across ten Cu/CuSO saturated reference electrode (CSE) measurements, and applied to a 500 m DC traction line. At an identical total current of 20.30 A across five anodes, the optimised design achieves an RMSE of 86.6 mV against the mV NACE target, whereas a conventional uniform layout produces severe over-protection (RMSE mV)—a twelve-fold reduction. The framework is recommended as a transparent, reproducible engineering tool that simultaneously extends pipeline service life and reduces rectifier energy demand, supporting UN Sustainable Development Goals 9 and 11 for sustainable urban-rail infrastructure.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Safety Assessment and Failure Analysis of Urban Underground Pipeline Networks)
Open AccessArticle
Achieving Equitable Distribution of Urban Park Green Spaces: A Case Study of Zibo City, China
by
Junli Zhang, Tingting Yan, Weijun Zhao, Junyi Hua, Jinyan Wang and Yanchao Shi
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5274; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115274 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2026
Abstract
Rapid urbanization has intensified inequalities in the distribution of urban green resources, making green equity a critical concern within the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This study examines Zhangdian District in Zibo City, China, a representative “Whole-Area Park City” pilot
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Rapid urbanization has intensified inequalities in the distribution of urban green resources, making green equity a critical concern within the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This study examines Zhangdian District in Zibo City, China, a representative “Whole-Area Park City” pilot area. This study integrates 1 km population density grid data with GIS network analysis, space syntax, population-weighted service pressure assessment, and a location–allocation model. Using these methods, it evaluates four categories of urban parks from the perspectives of spatial distribution, road connectivity, and social equity. The results reveal that vehicle and cycling modes achieved nearly complete 15 min coverage, whereas pedestrian accessibility remained insufficient. Walking accessibility for comprehensive parks reached 77.69%, whereas that of community parks and petty street gardens was below 33%. Population-weighted analysis further suggests that more than 78% of residents, concentrated in dense central–western neighborhoods, are served by only 21% of total park area. The Gini coefficient of per capita park area reached 0.4765, indicating substantial inequality in park green space allocation. After optimization through the addition of 76 new parks, improvements in road connectivity, and construction of a slow-traffic system, the Gini coefficient decreased to 0.4053, representing a 14.9% reduction. Meanwhile, the population below the national standard declined from 78.09% to 40.64%. These findings reflect spatial accessibility and area-based equity, while actual park service value also depends on park quality, facilities, and user behavior. This study provides quantitative evidence for equity-oriented park planning and a replicable framework for sustainable urban green space planning.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Geography and Urban Planning: Urban Ecology, Livability, Nature Connection, and Water-Sensitive Urban Design)
Open AccessArticle
Influence of Butanol Additives on Combustion Performance and Emission Behavior in Micro-Turboprop Engines for UAV Applications
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Maria Căldărar, Gabriel-Petre Badea, Mădălin Dombrovschi, Tiberius-Florian Frigioescu, Laurențiu Ceatră, Flavia-Elena Blaga and Răzvan Roman
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5273; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115273 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2026
Abstract
The transition toward sustainable aviation fuels for unmanned aerial vehicle propulsion requires alternative fuel blends that reduce emissions while maintaining stable power generation. This study investigates the combustion performance, electrical output, emission behavior, and near-field pollutant dispersion of butanol–kerosene blends in a hybrid
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The transition toward sustainable aviation fuels for unmanned aerial vehicle propulsion requires alternative fuel blends that reduce emissions while maintaining stable power generation. This study investigates the combustion performance, electrical output, emission behavior, and near-field pollutant dispersion of butanol–kerosene blends in a hybrid micro-turboprop propulsion platform representative of UAV applications. Conventional kerosene and three butanol–kerosene blends, containing 10%, 20%, and 30% butanol by volume, were tested under four operating regimes ranging from idle to approximately 2.5 kW electrical load. Exhaust gas temperature, CO, NO, NOx, SO2, electrical power output, throttle response, and pollutant dispersion behavior were evaluated experimentally, while polynomial regression was applied to quantify throttle–power relationships. The results show that the 20% butanol blend provided the most favorable overall performance. Relative to conventional kerosene, B20 achieved approximately 4.8% higher electrical power output at equivalent throttle settings, reduced fuel demand by nearly 3.9%, and decreased the throttle requirement for 2 kW electrical output by almost 5%. In terms of emissions, B20 reduced CO formation across low and intermediate operating regimes while maintaining moderate NOx levels and stable exhaust gas temperature behavior. Increasing butanol content also improved plume homogenization: the anisotropy index decreased from 2.41 for B10 to 1.96 for B20 and 1.58 for B30, while high-concentration plume regions were reduced by up to 31%. However, B30 introduced stronger evaporative cooling, ignition delay effects, and reduced mid-load responsiveness. Overall, moderate butanol blending, particularly B20, represents the most balanced solution for reducing the environmental footprint of hybrid UAV micro-turboprop propulsion without significant performance penalties.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Spatial Effects of Artificial Intelligence Innovation on Regional Carbon Intensity
by
Hsuan-Tsun Huang and Ching-Wei Ho
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5272; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115272 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2026
Abstract
This study investigates the spatial effects of artificial intelligence (AI) innovation on carbon intensity using provincial panel data from 30 Chinese provinces over 2010–2023. Employing the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM), we find that a 1% increase in AI patent count reduces local carbon
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This study investigates the spatial effects of artificial intelligence (AI) innovation on carbon intensity using provincial panel data from 30 Chinese provinces over 2010–2023. Employing the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM), we find that a 1% increase in AI patent count reduces local carbon intensity by 0.034% (direct effect, p < 0.01) but increases carbon intensity in neighboring regions by 0.069% (indirect effect, p < 0.05). Heterogeneity analysis shows that AI innovation reduces local carbon intensity by 0.069% in non-western regions (p < 0.01) but has no significant effect in the western region. In regions with above-median R&D intensity, both direct and indirect effects become negative (−0.094% and −0.069%, respectively), indicating that AI innovation reduces carbon intensity locally and in neighboring areas. Mechanism tests confirm that industrial structure upgrading mediates this relationship, with AI innovation increasing the industrial structure hierarchy coefficient by 0.004 (p < 0.05). These findings provide quantitative evidence that AI innovation has opposing local and spillover effects on carbon intensity, and that high R&D intensity can reverse negative spillovers into positive ones. The results offer empirically grounded policy recommendations for China’s dual-carbon targets and sustainable development.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI for Sustainable Development: Applications and Impacts across Industries)
Open AccessArticle
Global Readiness for Low-Carbon and Smart Agriculture Talent Cultivation: A Country-Level Assessment with Micro-Level Evidence from China
by
Zhongya Ji, Guisheng Zhou and Zhi Chen
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5271; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115271 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2026
Abstract
Low-carbon and smart agriculture talent cultivation requires structural conditions that vary widely across countries. This study develops the Agricultural Talent Cultivation Readiness Index (ATCRI) as a proxy-based structural diagnostic tool for approximating the multi-dimensional enabling conditions and bottlenecks that shape whether SDG-linked agricultural
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Low-carbon and smart agriculture talent cultivation requires structural conditions that vary widely across countries. This study develops the Agricultural Talent Cultivation Readiness Index (ATCRI) as a proxy-based structural diagnostic tool for approximating the multi-dimensional enabling conditions and bottlenecks that shape whether SDG-linked agricultural education transformation can be operationalized at scale. ATCRI covers 160 countries across four interdependent dimensions: Education and Research, Digital/Energy/Enabling Infrastructure, Green Transition Pressure, and Innovation/Institutional Capacity. Results indicate a highly uneven global distribution: high transition pressure does not automatically translate into high readiness, with 17 countries exhibiting a pressure–capacity mismatch. China ranks 21st globally, showing a hybrid profile in which education and innovation capacity are strong while digital delivery infrastructure remains a relative bottleneck. Survey evidence from Chinese crop science students is consistent with this interpretation, revealing elevated practice-oriented reform demand where macro-level structural gaps are sharpest. ATCRI is intended as a diagnostic framework for identifying structural bottlenecks, not as a definitive measure of educational quality or reform outcomes.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Education and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Global Agenda for Change)
Open AccessArticle
A Structural Equation Modeling of Loyalty Toward Sustainability Fashion Product Businesses on Social Media Platforms
by
Tanawut Prakobpol
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5270; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115270 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2026
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to examine the direct relationships among perceived ethics, perceived sustainability, customer trust, customer engagement, and customer loyalty; and to investigate the mediating roles of customer trust and customer engagement in explaining the relationship between ethical and sustainability
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The objectives of this study are to examine the direct relationships among perceived ethics, perceived sustainability, customer trust, customer engagement, and customer loyalty; and to investigate the mediating roles of customer trust and customer engagement in explaining the relationship between ethical and sustainability perceptions and customer loyalty. Using the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) framework and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as theoretical foundations, this research examines how ethical and sustainability perceptions within social commerce environments influence customers’ psychological states and behavioral responses. A quantitative approach was used, involving data collection from 360 Thai consumers who had previously bought sustainable fashion items through social media. The proposed model was then evaluated using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results suggest that consumers’ evaluations of seller ethics significantly enhance their perceptions of product sustainability, customer trust, and engagement. Furthermore, perceived sustainability of fashion products affects both trust and engagement. Customer trust subsequently promotes both engagement and loyalty; however, customer engagement exhibits the most substantial direct effect on customer loyalty. Mediation analysis confirms the essential functions of trust and engagement in mediating the impacts of ethical and sustainability perceptions on loyalty. These findings highlight the importance of ethical transparency and proactive customer engagement in fostering trust and long-term customer loyalty within social media-based sustainable fashion commerce. Therefore. This study provides both theoretical and practical insights for sustainable fashion enterprises functioning within digital contexts.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Business Circular Economy and Sustainability)
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Coupling Coordination and Sustainable Improvement Path of Digital Village and Rural Economic Resilience at County Level in Hunan Province
by
Shilin Deng and Weimin Zheng
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5269; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115269 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2026
Abstract
Rural sustainable development is a core component of the global Sustainable Development Goals, and building digital villages and enhancing the resilience of rural economies are key pathways for underdeveloped regions to achieve rural sustainable development. The coordination and synergy between these two areas
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Rural sustainable development is a core component of the global Sustainable Development Goals, and building digital villages and enhancing the resilience of rural economies are key pathways for underdeveloped regions to achieve rural sustainable development. The coordination and synergy between these two areas are central to rural revitalization. Taking 122 counties in Hunan Province as research units and using 2013–2023 spatial panel data, this study employs an improved coupling coordination model, spatial autocorrelation analysis and geographically weighted regression to explore their spatiotemporal evolution, clustering patterns and driving factors. The results show that both systems improved steadily: digital villages expanded from core areas, while economic resilience developed more balancedly. The coupling coordination evolved from near-disorder to a pattern characterized by regional equilibrium. The coupling coordination degree displayed significant positive spatial autocorrelation, forming an “High-High (H-H)” cluster in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan-Dongting Lake Plain and an “Low-Low (L-L)” cluster in western Hunan. Driving factors showed marked spatial heterogeneity. These findings provide empirical support for differentiated digital village policies in Hunan.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Challenges in Sustainable Urban, Rural and Regional Development)
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Open AccessArticle
From Waste to a Potential Food Resource: Evaluation of Papaya Trunk Xylem Rays in Temperate Cultivation Systems
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Akari Oka, Fumiya Kageyama, Mitsuho Nakagomi and Kazuhiro Matsumoto
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5268; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115268 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2026
Abstract
The use of underutilized biomass improves resource-use efficiency and reduces agricultural waste, particularly in temperate systems cultivating tropical crops. Papaya (Carica papaya L.), grown as an annual crop in these systems, produces substantial trunk biomass that is typically discarded after harvest. This
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The use of underutilized biomass improves resource-use efficiency and reduces agricultural waste, particularly in temperate systems cultivating tropical crops. Papaya (Carica papaya L.), grown as an annual crop in these systems, produces substantial trunk biomass that is typically discarded after harvest. This study evaluated the potential of papaya trunk xylem rays as an edible resource through compositional, sensory, and functional analyses. Trunks were harvested at the end of the fruiting period (December) and after exposure to a cold wave (January) and were classified by organ types and maturity level. Xylem rays showed moisture and carbohydrate contents comparable to those of green papaya fruit, and were judged as edible by all panelists (100%) in December-harvested samples. However, exposure to a cold wave reduced sweetness and increased bitterness, resulting in decreased overall acceptability. Nevertheless, boiling effectively reduced bitterness and improved palatability even in cold-exposed samples. In addition, xylem rays exhibited higher total polyphenol content than green papaya fruit, while showing comparable DPPH radical scavenging activity. These results suggest that xylem rays have potential as an edible plant resource with antioxidant-related properties, contributing to resource-use efficiency and potentially providing opportunities for biomass valorization in temperate production systems.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Ingredients and Sustainable Practices for Food Production)
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Open AccessArticle
Impact of Moral Responsibility on Tourist Waste Reduction Intentions: A Case Study of Vientiane, Laos
by
Lerdsouda Boudsabapaserd and Sanghoon Kang
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5267; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115267 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2026
Abstract
Tourism drives economic growth but also intensifies environmental pressure at travel destinations, particularly by exacerbating local challenges in waste management. Rather than merely testing the theoretical validity of the norm activation model (NAM), this study utilizes its key constructs—specifically moral and accountability variables—as
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Tourism drives economic growth but also intensifies environmental pressure at travel destinations, particularly by exacerbating local challenges in waste management. Rather than merely testing the theoretical validity of the norm activation model (NAM), this study utilizes its key constructs—specifically moral and accountability variables—as a strategic framework to examine the psychological drivers of waste reduction in the urban context of Vientiane, Laos. Data from 382 domestic tourists were analyzed using ordinary least squares regression. Ascription of responsibility (AR) (β = 0.219, p < 0.001) was the strongest predictor of intention, followed by personal norm (PN) (β = 0.173, p < 0.01) and actual waste management behavior (β = 0.160, p < 0.01). Notably, environmental knowledge and awareness of consequences—factors often emphasized in traditional environmental campaigns—had no significant influence. The findings demonstrate that, in addressing urban waste challenges in developing regions, fostering internalized moral sentiments (AR and PN) is far more effective than mere pro-environmental education. This study concludes that sustainable waste management may benefit from operationalized interventions that activate personal accountability rather than relying solely on general environmental awareness.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preserving and Utilizing Tourism Resources for Sustainable Futures: Heritage, Community, and Innovation)
Open AccessArticle
Perceptions of Home Concept Among British Homeowners in Primary and Secondary Homes: The Case of Ortaca
by
Onur Akbulut, Yakin Ekin and Tunahan Celik
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5266; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115266 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2026
Abstract
This study addresses second-home ownership not merely as a form of tourism accommodation or real estate investment, but as a home-building process intersecting with local life, belonging, daily practices, and sustainable destination governance. While the economic, environmental, and community impacts of second-homes have
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This study addresses second-home ownership not merely as a form of tourism accommodation or real estate investment, but as a home-building process intersecting with local life, belonging, daily practices, and sustainable destination governance. While the economic, environmental, and community impacts of second-homes have been extensively discussed in the literature, how individuals perceive their primary and secondary homes differently in terms of the bodily, material, vibrant, imaginary, and emotional dimensions of home has been examined in a limited number of studies. This research analyzes paired data obtained through a two-stage online questionnaire from 223 British participants who own a secondary home in the Mugla–Ortaca region and a primary home in the United Kingdom. The 18-item Home Scale was used as the measurement tool. Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability–validity analyses, measurement invariance, and paired-samples t-tests were applied. The findings show that the bodily home difference was not statistically significant at the conventional 0.05 threshold, whereas primary-home scores were significantly higher in the material, vibrant, imaginary, and emotional home dimensions. The small to small-medium effect sizes suggest that the results should be interpreted cautiously as an asymmetrical home-building process rather than as evidence of a hierarchical superiority of the primary home. The study proposes a planning approach that does not view second home owners as merely transient consumers in sustainable coastal–rural destinations, but rather considers social sustainability, service planning, seasonality management, and local community engagement channels together.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Tourism Development in Natural and Rural Areas: Stakeholders, Tourists and Destination Management)
Open AccessArticle
Rethinking Micro-Hubs for Active Mobility in Peri-Urban Areas
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Luca Velo, Stefano Munarin and Mina Ramezani
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5265; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115265 (registering DOI) - 23 May 2026
Abstract
Active mobility in peri-urban areas is influenced by sprawl, limited public transportation, and reliance on private vehicles. This study redefines active mobility in peri-urban and low-density contexts from a territorial perspective and reframes micro-hubs as socially oriented, network-integrated elements rather than scaled-down urban
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Active mobility in peri-urban areas is influenced by sprawl, limited public transportation, and reliance on private vehicles. This study redefines active mobility in peri-urban and low-density contexts from a territorial perspective and reframes micro-hubs as socially oriented, network-integrated elements rather than scaled-down urban hubs. This study adopts a qualitative, theory-driven methodology combining a multidisciplinary review of the active mobility concept with thematic analysis to identify mobility hub characteristics, followed by analytical synthesis, the classification of mobility hub types, and a set of social indicators for analyzing their performance. These methods are used to develop a framework for understanding micro-hubs as socio-spatial components of active mobility networks. Results indicate that a network of minor roads and micro-hubs can support shifts toward active mobility when aligned with daily mobility patterns and supported by multi-level governance. This study conceptualizes micro-hubs as socio-spatial nodes embedded within dispersed mobility networks and, drawing on the Veneto region as an analytical context, employs an existing typological classification—network, welfare, and civic—to interpret their roles in shaping a context-sensitive framework for active mobility in peri-urban and low-density areas. Micro-hubs become socially integrated spaces that may contribute to strategies for reducing car dependency while providing transferable policy-oriented actions for similar peri-urban and low-density areas.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Shared Space for Active Modes and Micromobility: Recent Trends, Methodologies and Policies—2nd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
Research on the Mechanisms and Pathways of Voluntary Environmental Regulation Driving Green Technological Innovation: An Empirical Examination Using Sample Data from Heavy Polluting Enterprises
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Jia Chen and Kai Ren
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5264; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115264 (registering DOI) - 23 May 2026
Abstract
Against the backdrop of environmental governance systems transitioning from command-and-control to multi-stakeholder collaboration, elucidating the mechanisms and pathways through which voluntary environmental regulations influence green technological innovation in heavily polluting enterprises holds significant implications for advancing green innovation and high-quality development. This paper
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Against the backdrop of environmental governance systems transitioning from command-and-control to multi-stakeholder collaboration, elucidating the mechanisms and pathways through which voluntary environmental regulations influence green technological innovation in heavily polluting enterprises holds significant implications for advancing green innovation and high-quality development. This paper systematically examines the synergistic mechanisms of command-and-control versus voluntary environmental regulations on green technological innovation in heavily polluting enterprises, utilising data from listed companies in China’s high-pollution industries between 2008 and 2024. Unlike previous studies predominantly focused on the impact of a single regulatory type, this study reveals an interactive effect between the two: moderate command-and-control regulation provides essential institutional support for voluntary environmental regulation, such as ISO 14001 certification, thereby generating a complementary enhancement effect. However, overly stringent command-and-control regulation diverts innovation resources from enterprises, thereby suppressing the incentive effect of voluntary regulation. This conclusion transcends the traditional analytical paradigm within environmental regulation theory that treats command-and-control and voluntary regulations as mutually exclusive opposites, revealing instead a dynamic relationship where both synergistic and constraining effects coexist. This discovery provides crucial theoretical underpinnings and empirical evidence for constructing an environmental governance system that combines command-and-control constraints with flexible incentives, ensuring compatibility between policy objectives and corporate behaviour.
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(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Management)
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Open AccessArticle
Digital Finance and Corporate ESG Disclosure–Practice Consistency: The Roles of Corporate Digitalization and Executives’ Digital Background
by
Yong Li and Shiming Shi
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5263; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115263 (registering DOI) - 23 May 2026
Abstract
In the digital era, sustainable finance is increasingly expected not only to expand financial access, but also to strengthen ESG transparency, accountability, and the alignment between corporate disclosure and actual practice. Against this backdrop, this study examines whether digital finance enhances corporate ESG
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In the digital era, sustainable finance is increasingly expected not only to expand financial access, but also to strengthen ESG transparency, accountability, and the alignment between corporate disclosure and actual practice. Against this backdrop, this study examines whether digital finance enhances corporate ESG disclosure–practice consistency by mitigating corporate ESG decoupling. Using Chinese A-share listed firms from 2011 to 2024 as the sample, we further investigate the moderating roles of corporate digitalization and executives’ digital background. The results show that digital finance significantly reduces corporate ESG decoupling, and this finding remains robust after alternative variable specifications, sample adjustments, stricter fixed-effects settings, and instrumental-variable estimation. Across the environmental, social, and governance dimensions, digital finance exhibits a stronger mitigating effect on social and governance decoupling. Corporate digitalization and executives’ digital background, acting as key micro-level enabling mechanisms through which regional digital finance translates into firm-level governance improvement, both significantly strengthen the mitigating effect of digital finance on corporate ESG decoupling. Further analysis shows that this effect mainly operates through easing financing constraints and reducing information asymmetry. This study contributes to the literature on sustainable finance, digital governance, and corporate sustainability by providing new evidence on how digital finance can narrow the ESG disclosure–practice gap and improve the consistency between corporate ESG disclosure and actual performance. It also offers practical implications for advancing the high-quality development of digital finance, strengthening firms’ digital capabilities, and enhancing the digital literacy of corporate executives.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Finance, Technologies, and Regulatory Frameworks: Advancing Sustainability in a Digital Era)
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Open AccessArticle
A Spatial Modelling Framework for Integrating Forest Ecosystem Services into Public Health Strategies: Evidence from Zhejiang Province, China
by
Yu Zhang and Guoshuang Tian
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5262; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115262 (registering DOI) - 23 May 2026
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The relationship between forest ecosystem services and human health has emerged as a key topic in forest economics and health policy research. This study develops a spatial modelling framework to quantify the health benefits of forest ecosystem services and proposes policy mechanisms to
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The relationship between forest ecosystem services and human health has emerged as a key topic in forest economics and health policy research. This study develops a spatial modelling framework to quantify the health benefits of forest ecosystem services and proposes policy mechanisms to incorporate these benefits into governmental health strategies. Using county-level panel data from 66 administrative units in Zhejiang Province, China, covering the period 2013–2023, we analyse the relationship between forest-mediated air purification services and two population health outcomes: the incidence of respiratory diseases and cardiovascular disease mortality. We employ a Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to estimate both direct and spatial spillover effects across county boundaries. The findings indicate that forest ecosystem services exert significant negative effects on adverse health outcomes, with spillover effects extending beyond administrative boundaries. The monetised health benefit of forests is estimated at approximately RMB 1108.6 per hectare per year, substantially exceeding current ecological compensation standards and suggesting systematic undervaluation of forest health services. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that health benefits are greater in urbanised regions and among vulnerable population groups, including the elderly. These findings provide an empirical basis for reforming health-oriented ecological compensation mechanisms and offer implications for sustainable land use governance aligned with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and SDG 15 (Life on Land).
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Open AccessReview
A Review of the Application of Machine Learning Models in Groundwater Resources Management and Quality Assessment
by
Qiyuan Liu, Kunjie Liang, Fu Xia, Zhichao Yun, Sheng Deng, Xu Han, Yu Yang and Yonghai Jiang
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5261; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115261 (registering DOI) - 23 May 2026
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) has evolved into an indispensable tool for uncovering hidden patterns and deducing correlations. Currently, ML is having a profound impact on the field of groundwater resources and environment research by enhancing predictive accuracy and optimizing management strategies. In this study,
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Machine learning (ML) has evolved into an indispensable tool for uncovering hidden patterns and deducing correlations. Currently, ML is having a profound impact on the field of groundwater resources and environment research by enhancing predictive accuracy and optimizing management strategies. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric review using CiteSpace and a global-scale analysis of ML methods applied to groundwater resources and quality based on 1326 records. The findings suggest that ML applications in groundwater resources and water environment research are still in their infancy compared with other environmental science fields. This paper then provides a systematic summary of the specific applications of machine learning methodologies within groundwater research, focusing primarily on the prediction of groundwater levels and water quality, along with the extraction of feature importance. Furthermore, a comparison was made of the pros and cons of several prevalent ML techniques used in groundwater level and water quality studies, with an emphasis on the significance of aligning data with models during the application of ML. Finally, the challenges encountered by ML tools in groundwater research were addressed, along with opportunities for the future. The significant potential of employing ML methodologies in groundwater is proposed to make the invisible visible.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Anthropogenic Pressures on the Groundwater Quality and Sustainability)
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Open AccessArticle
Soil Organic Carbon Stability and Its Controlling Factors in Typical Permafrost Wetlands in the Great Hing’an Mountains, Northeast China
by
Hao Liu, Xingfeng Dong, Miao Li, Dongyu Yang, Haoran Man, Ruitong Zhang, Junxiang Lu and Fan Qi
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5260; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115260 (registering DOI) - 23 May 2026
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The stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) in high-latitude permafrost regions plays a critical role in the global carbon balance. However, a systematic understanding of SOC pool fractions and their response to warming across different wetland types in the Great Hing’an Mountains remains
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The stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) in high-latitude permafrost regions plays a critical role in the global carbon balance. However, a systematic understanding of SOC pool fractions and their response to warming across different wetland types in the Great Hing’an Mountains remains lacking. In this study, soil samples were collected from forested, shrub, and herbaceous wetlands at depths of 0–60 cm and incubated at 5, 10 and 15 °C. A three-pool first-order kinetic model was employed to analyze SOC mineralization characteristics, carbon pool fractions, and influencing factors. The results showed that SOC mineralization rates exhibited a pattern of rapid increase followed by a peak and gradual decline over time, decreased with soil depth, and increased with temperature. The mineralization potential followed the order of shrub wetlands > herbaceous wetlands > forest wetlands. The temperature sensitivity (Q10) was lowest in the deep soil layer of shrub wetlands (1.2), whereas a deeper soil layer of forest wetlands exhibited the highest Q10 value (3.5). Across the three wetland types, SOC was dominated by the inert carbon pool (61–72%), with forest wetlands showing the highest proportion of inert carbon (72%). The active carbon pool in shrub wetlands was most sensitive to warming, while herbaceous wetlands had the largest inert carbon stock. Soil pH was significantly negatively correlated with the inert carbon pool, whereas soil moisture content showed a significantly positive correlation. Path analysis further revealed that SOC had the largest total effect on inert carbon accumulation, whereas available nitrogen and pH showed the strongest direct associations with Q10. Wetland type was indirectly associated with inert carbon stocks through its influence on soil moisture, pH, SOC, and available nitrogen. These results highlight that both direct and indirect pathways jointly influence SOC stability in permafrost wetlands. Overall, Wetland type and soil physicochemical properties jointly regulate SOC stability and its response to warming. These results suggest that although forest wetlands possess stronger carbon stability, their stable carbon pools may become increasingly vulnerable under climate warming.
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