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From Pollution to Solution: Explore Sustainable Solutions to Combat Marine Debris and Plastic Pollution

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Oceans".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 21 January 2027 | Viewed by 3230

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Guest Editor
School of Science, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
Interests: gasification; waste; biomass; biomass conversion; renewable energy technologies; energy conversion; Solid Waste Management; Biofuel Production; waste heat recovery; power production; machine learning; recycled concrete aggregate

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The lack of effective, scalable, and economically viable solutions for the treatment of marine litter represents one of the major challenges currently faced by the scientific, technical, and policy communities. Marine debris, and plastic pollution in particular, is a complex and heterogeneous issue, deeply embedded in global production systems, consumption patterns, and waste management infrastructures. While monitoring, mapping, and classification of marine litter remain essential for understanding its magnitude and dynamics, they are no longer sufficient as standalone responses. Addressing marine pollution requires moving beyond observation toward action.

This Special Issue aims to promote solution-oriented research that explores realistic and implementable strategies to mitigate and combat marine debris. Contributions are welcomed from multiple perspectives, including technological and engineering approaches—such as collection, recycling, valorization, removal, and conversion processes—as well as regulatory frameworks, economic instruments, preventive strategies aimed at reducing the generation and dispersion of marine litter at the source, and adaptation strategies that support ecosystems, industries, and communities in coping with the presence of existing marine debris.

Rather than focusing exclusively on conceptual or idealized solutions, this Special Issue encourages submissions that propose partial, incremental, or context-specific approaches with clear potential for real-world application and measurable environmental and socio-economic benefits. By integrating interdisciplinary research, policy analysis, prevention and adaptation strategies, and applied case studies, this Special Issue seeks to highlight pathways capable of transforming marine litter from an environmental challenge into an opportunity for innovation, sustainability, and systemic change.

Dr. Gian-Claudio Faussone
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine litter
  • plastic pollution
  • chemical recycling
  • waste valorization
  • marine debris prevention
  • adaptation strategies
  • marine environmental governance
  • circular economy
  • sustainable waste management

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1117 KB  
Article
Chemical Recycling of PET to Its Monomers via Heterogeneous ZnO-Catalysed Ethanolysis
by Pierluigi Barbaro, Carmen Moreno-Marrodán, Werner Oberhauser, Feliciana Real-Fernández, Anna Maria Papini and Francesca Liguori
Sustainability 2026, 18(9), 4578; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18094578 - 6 May 2026
Viewed by 956
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is among the most used plastics in domestic and industrial applications, particularly packaging, food containers and textiles. However, its recalcitrance to decomposition and biodegradation mostly results in landfilling and accumulation of PET waste in the environment if not processed. Chemical [...] Read more.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is among the most used plastics in domestic and industrial applications, particularly packaging, food containers and textiles. However, its recalcitrance to decomposition and biodegradation mostly results in landfilling and accumulation of PET waste in the environment if not processed. Chemical recycling of PET via selective depolymerization into its monomers may represent a pivotal step in the development of a truly circular economy of PET, which is still limited by economic and environmental sustainability issues. In this work, the depolymerization of PET is reported using ZnO as an insoluble catalyst, and ethanol as both a lytic agent and green solvent. A detailed investigation of reaction parameters, including reaction temperature, time and catalyst loading, showed that complete conversion of PET to diethyl terephthalate (DET) can be achieved with 92.5% selectivity at 180 °C and 48 h, with the potential for full DET selectivity at longer reaction times. The solid catalyst could be recovered and reused by simple centrifugation, with no loss of conversion or selectivity over three consecutive reuses. Full article
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Review

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32 pages, 2252 KB  
Review
Comparing the Plastic Policies Among Major Consumer Nations: Implications for Global Plastic Pollution
by Kuok Ho Daniel Tang
Sustainability 2026, 18(11), 5366; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115366 - 26 May 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 571
Abstract
Plastic pollution has emerged as a critical global environmental challenge, driven by rising production, consumption, and inadequate waste management. Major plastic-consuming economies play a disproportionate role in global plastic leakage and therefore strongly influence international mitigation efforts. This review comparatively examines plastic policy [...] Read more.
Plastic pollution has emerged as a critical global environmental challenge, driven by rising production, consumption, and inadequate waste management. Major plastic-consuming economies play a disproportionate role in global plastic leakage and therefore strongly influence international mitigation efforts. This review comparatively examines plastic policy frameworks in the European Union, the United States, China, India, and Japan to identify policy strengths, limitations, and transferable governance strategies. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the information sources, a narrative review methodology was employed, drawing on peer-reviewed literature, policy documents, institutional reports, and statistical datasets. Policy effectiveness was qualitatively evaluated using cross-comparable indicators, including per capita plastic consumption, waste generation, recycling rates, mismanaged waste, environmental leakage, and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) coverage. The analysis reveals substantial divergence in policy approaches: the EU demonstrates a comprehensive lifecycle-based framework with strong recycling performance and low leakage; China exhibits high enforcement capacity and effective upstream controls but faces scale-related challenges; the United States shows limited effectiveness due to fragmented governance and low recycling rates; India has robust regulatory intent but is constrained by high mismanaged waste and infrastructure gaps; and Japan achieves high downstream efficiency but relies heavily on thermal recycling with limited upstream reduction. The review highlights that effective plastic governance requires integrated lifecycle policies, strong enforcement, infrastructure investment, and international policy coordination rather than reliance on isolated downstream measures alone. Full article
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23 pages, 1254 KB  
Review
A Review of Existing Plastic Waste Management Strategies, Assessment & Tools: Towards the Development of a Plastic Offsetting Strategies
by Ahmed Abdulla and Tareq Al-Ansari
Sustainability 2026, 18(7), 3442; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18073442 - 1 Apr 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1358
Abstract
The escalating global production of plastics poses significant environmental challenges, such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and widespread pollution. This review critically examines contemporary research on plastic sustainability strategies, focusing particularly on the circular economy (CE), end-of-life management, and emerging concepts such as [...] Read more.
The escalating global production of plastics poses significant environmental challenges, such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and widespread pollution. This review critically examines contemporary research on plastic sustainability strategies, focusing particularly on the circular economy (CE), end-of-life management, and emerging concepts such as offsetting. Despite various initiatives advocating the reduce–reuse–recycle (3Rs) approach, only 9–10% of plastic is effectively recycled, with substantial volumes incinerated or landfilled, exacerbating environmental degradation. Moreover, the review highlights geographic disparities, highlighting that regions with robust infrastructure achieve more effective waste management than developing areas. The adoption of bioplastics as sustainable alternatives remains limited due to their complex life cycle and production processes. This review synthesizes the CE, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and offsetting tools in the context of plastics towards the development of plastic offsetting strategies as a waste management solution. It identifies critical literature gaps, where existing plastic waste management systems are limited to affordability and geographical restrictions. The review highlights the various plastic circularity strategies and their limitations, while addressing carbon offsetting as an inspiration for a plastic offsetting mechanism that could significantly enhance global strategies to mitigate plastic pollution, particularly in developing regions, fostering more sustainable global waste management practices. Therefore, plastic offsetting, inspired by carbon offset mechanisms, emerges as a novel strategy that offers financial incentives by sponsoring plastic waste management projects to effectively managing plastic waste in less developed regions. Full article
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