- Review
Surgical Management of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease: Current Evidence and Future Directions in Stroke Prevention
- Enes Demir,
- Deondra Montgomery,
- Henry Freeman,
- Maryam Zeinali,
- Denise Baloi,
- Brandon Lucke-Wold and
- Michael Karsy
Background: Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) remains a major global cause of ischemic stroke—particularly in Asian, Black, and Hispanic populations—and is characterized by high recurrence rates despite advances in intensive med...

