Current Oncology

12 pages, 2341 KB

Open AccessCase Report

[¹⁸F]FAPI-74 PET for Preoperative Assessment of Peritoneal Dissemination in Ovarian Cancer: A Case Series with Surgical and Histopathological Correlation

by Aasa Shimizu, Tadashi Watabe, Frederik L. Giesel, Yuriko Mori, Keita Asano, Yusaku Shimizu, Sadahiro Naka, Takashi Kamiya, Daisuke Katayama, Shinichiro Watanabe, Hiroki Kato, Kayako Isohashi, Mitsuaki Tatsumi, Noriyuki Tomiyama, Yasuto Kinose, Tadashi Iwamiya, Shinya Matsuzaki, Kenjiro Sawada and Michiko Kodama

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(7), 389; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33070389 (registering DOI) - 29 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Accurate preoperative assessment of peritoneal dissemination is essential in ovarian cancer because it influences surgical strategy and the achievement of complete gross resection. However, [¹⁸F]FDG-PET may be limited in detecting lesions with low glycolytic activity and in differentiating malignancy from [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Accurate preoperative assessment of peritoneal dissemination is essential in ovarian cancer because it influences surgical strategy and the achievement of complete gross resection. However, [¹⁸F]FDG-PET may be limited in detecting lesions with low glycolytic activity and in differentiating malignancy from inflammatory changes. This case series evaluated the clinical relevance of [¹⁸F]FAPI-74 PET/CT for preoperative assessment of peritoneal dissemination in ovarian cancer. Methods: Four patients underwent [¹⁸F]FAPI-74 PET/CT as part of preoperative evaluation, with comparison to [¹⁸F]FDG-PET/CT when available. Imaging findings were correlated with intraoperative observations and histopathological results, including immunohistochemical assessment of fibroblast activation protein and α-smooth muscle actin. Results: FAPI-PET detected peritoneal dissemination not identified by FDG-PET in several cases, including occult metastasis confirmed histologically and additional lesions after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. FAPI-avid lesions showed stromal activation on immunohistochemistry, supporting the biological basis of FAPI uptake. In one case, additional FAPI uptake may have been partly influenced by inflammatory changes associated with bloody ascites. Conclusions: FAPI-PET may provide complementary information by visualizing stromal components of ovarian cancer and may support preoperative mapping of peritoneal dissemination, although interpretation should consider inflammatory conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gynecologic Oncology)

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11 pages, 411 KB

Open AccessArticle

Outcomes of Inpatient Chemotherapy for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer

by Sara N. Gauthier, Paul Wheatley-Price, David J. Stewart, Stephanie Brule, Mikaela Ney, Garth Nicholas and Sara M. Moore

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(7), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33070388 - 26 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 15% of lung cancers, with 70% diagnosed at extensive-stage (ES). Systemic therapy is often considered in very unwell patients, although outcomes for inpatients with ES-SCLC are not well understood. Methods: We reviewed patients with de novo [...] Read more.

Background: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 15% of lung cancers, with 70% diagnosed at extensive-stage (ES). Systemic therapy is often considered in very unwell patients, although outcomes for inpatients with ES-SCLC are not well understood. Methods: We reviewed patients with de novo ES-SCLC who had an inpatient medical oncology consultation at the Ottawa Hospital between 2013 and 2021. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included length of stay (LOS) and tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) incidence. Results: There were 127 patients identified. Median age was 68 years (range 50–87), 58% female, 99% had prior smoking history, 22% had brain metastases, and 64% had liver metastases. Ninety-two (72%) received chemotherapy. Median OS for treated patients was 5.9 months (95% CI, 4.5–7.3 m), and a median LOS of 13 days. Patients in the non-treatment cohort had a median OS of 14 days (95% CI, 0.2–0.7 m), a median LOS of 11 days, and 54% in-hospital death rate. TLS occurred in six of the 76 (8%) evaluated patients, all dying within 7 days of chemotherapy. Conclusions: Chemotherapy was associated with longer survival among inpatients with ES-SCLC. TLS was rare but uniformly fatal, highlighting the need for aggressive prophylaxis among patients with identified risk factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)

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22 pages, 936 KB

Open AccessPerspective

Integrating Physiatry and Palliative Care in Outpatient Oncology: A Clinical Framework for Bidirectional Referral and Co-Management

by Emmanuel G. Villalpando, Jamie Fertal, Finly Zachariah, Jeannine M. Brant and Jessica T. Cheng

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(7), 387; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33070387 - 25 Jun 2026

Abstract

Patients with cancer often experience intertwined symptom burden and functional decline that contribute to falls, unsafe transfers, uncontrolled symptoms, caregiver strain, and crisis-driven care. Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), also known as physiatry, and specialty PC both address suffering and quality of life [...] Read more.

Patients with cancer often experience intertwined symptom burden and functional decline that contribute to falls, unsafe transfers, uncontrolled symptoms, caregiver strain, and crisis-driven care. Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), also known as physiatry, and specialty PC both address suffering and quality of life through complementary clinical approaches; however, collaborative care with and between these two specialties is inconsistent in routine oncology practice. This paper presents a clinical implementation framework informed by targeted literature synthesis for bidirectional referral and co-management between PM&R and PC in oncology. The framework was informed by the PC referral criteria literature, cancer rehabilitation triage literature, trigger-based serious illness identification models, and implementation science. Four clinic-usable tools are proposed, including a scope and overlap map, a clinical-needs gradient, a referral trigger table linking common clinical signals to the reason for referral and expected clinical actions, and a primary-service triage workflow. This framework is intended to clarify which service is best positioned to be the primary supportive service according to the patient’s current needs, when rehabilitation therapy alone may be sufficient, and when co-management should be the default. This concept-to-practice model is designed to facilitate early, needs-based referrals and coordinated supportive care in oncology settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Rehabilitation: Innovations in Practice & Enhancing Survivorship Care)

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23 pages, 4410 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Effectiveness of Nurse-Led Digital Health Interventions on Symptom Management and Quality of Life in Cancer Patients Undergoing Systemic Therapy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

by Omar Alqaisi, Safia Darwish, Faten Harb, Melinda Hysenaj, Lorent Sijarina and Patricia Tai

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(7), 386; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33070386 - 25 Jun 2026

Abstract

Cancer patients receiving systemic therapy experience substantial treatment-related symptoms. Nurse-led digital health interventions, e.g., interactive voice response systems, web platforms, mobile apps, and telehealth, have emerged as strategies to strengthen supportive care. To evaluate its effectiveness, this systematic review summarizes evidence exclusively from [...] Read more.

Cancer patients receiving systemic therapy experience substantial treatment-related symptoms. Nurse-led digital health interventions, e.g., interactive voice response systems, web platforms, mobile apps, and telehealth, have emerged as strategies to strengthen supportive care. To evaluate its effectiveness, this systematic review summarizes evidence exclusively from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, four databases were searched from inception to January 2025 for eligible RCTs involving adults undergoing anticancer therapy; evaluating nurse-led or nurse-co-led interventions using digital or telecommunication technologies; reporting validated symptom or health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed. Nine RCTs (N = 3344) met criteria; seven had low risk of bias. Interventions using telephone systems, web portals, mobile apps, or videoconferencing reduced symptom burden and improved HRQoL. The Symptom Care at Home system reduced symptom burden by ~43%, with greatest effects from combined automated monitoring and nurse practitioner follow-up. Additional benefits included improved anxiety, self-efficacy, patient participation, fewer severe toxicities and hospitalization days. In conclusion, nurse-led digital interventions effectively reduce symptom burden and support HRQoL during systemic therapy. Multicomponent models integrating automated monitoring with structured nursing follow-up and decision support appear most beneficial. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Oncology Nursing)

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19 pages, 294 KB

Open AccessArticle

Family Environment Factors Associated with Symptom Distress Among Korean Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Heeyeon Son, Springer Cary, Sungsil Hong, Jung Woo Han, Cecile Lengacher and Sharron L. Docherty

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(7), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33070385 - 25 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background/objectives: To describe and compare Korean AYAs’ and parental perspectives on the family environment in terms of agreement and significant differences and examine which variables were associated with AYAs’ symptom distress. Sample and setting: Self-report data were collected from a total [...] Read more.

Background/objectives: To describe and compare Korean AYAs’ and parental perspectives on the family environment in terms of agreement and significant differences and examine which variables were associated with AYAs’ symptom distress. Sample and setting: Self-report data were collected from a total sample of 113 AYAs, recruited from a pediatric-oncology outpatient clinic at a university-affiliated hospital and community group in South Korea. Because each study aim required different data sources, different analytic samples were used. Specifically, 54 AYA–parent dyads were included for Aim 1, whereas self-report data from 111 AYAs with complete data were used for Aim 2. Methods and variables: This subgroup analysis used a quantitative–descriptive, cross-sectional design. AYAs’ and parent perceptions of the family environment (family cohesion and adaptability, family strength, and social support from family) and AYAs’ symptom distress were collected using reliable and validated self-report questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: AYAs and their parents showed low (family support) to moderate agreement (family strength, family cohesion, and adaptability) on perceptions of family environment (ICC = 0.374–0.612). AYAs reported significantly lower perceptions of family support than their parents, with a small to moderate effect (p < 0.001, d = 0.48). All family environment variables were correlated with AYAs’ symptom distress (p < 0.05). Among these variables, AYAs’ perceived family strength emerged as the only family environment variable significantly associated with their symptom distress (F = 14.309, p < 0.001, R² = 0.359, R²adj = 0.334), which was stronger during treatment. Conclusions: AYAs’ perceived family strength should be routinely assessed, especially during cancer treatment. Additional nursing interventions focusing on enhancing AYAs’ families as a support group are needed. Full article

11 pages, 686 KB

Open AccessArticle

Cost-Effectiveness of First-Line Immunochemotherapy Versus BRAF Plus MEK Inhibitors in BRAF^V600E-Mutated Metastatic Lung Cancer

by Chian-Wei Chen, Jui-Hung Tsai, Sheng-Han Tsai, Li-Jun Chen and Szu-Chun Yang

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(7), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33070384 - 24 Jun 2026

Abstract

Patients with BRAF^V600E-mutated metastatic lung cancer benefit from both BRAF plus MEK inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)–chemotherapy. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of first-line ICI–chemotherapy compared with BRAF plus MEK inhibitors in these patients. This economic analysis, with a 15-year [...] Read more.

Patients with BRAF^V600E-mutated metastatic lung cancer benefit from both BRAF plus MEK inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)–chemotherapy. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of first-line ICI–chemotherapy compared with BRAF plus MEK inhibitors in these patients. This economic analysis, with a 15-year time horizon and an annual 3% discount, was conducted from the perspective of the healthcare sectors in Taiwan and the US. Simulated patients were entered into partitioned survival models upon initiation of first-line therapies. The model inputs were derived from the FRONT-BRAF study (progression-free/overall survival, adverse events, and subsequent therapies), insurance payments or retail prices (costs of drugs, physician visits, monitoring, adverse events, and end-of-life care), and a hospital cohort (health utility). Deterministic and probabilistic analyses were performed. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of ICI–chemotherapy compared with BRAF plus MEK inhibitors (Taiwan: $73,561/QALY; US: $290,279/QALY) exceeded the willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds (Taiwan: $70,000/QALY; US: $150,000/QALY). The drug costs of subsequent therapies and the utility values of the progressive-disease state were the major determinants of ICERs. In Taiwan, ICI–chemotherapy had a 41.0% probability of being cost-effective at the WTP threshold. ICI–chemotherapy had a higher probability of being cost-effective than BRAF plus MEK inhibitors when the WTP exceeded $300,000/QALY in the US. Our analysis suggests that, despite the longer survival of first-line ICI–chemotherapy compared with BRAF plus MEK inhibitors, ICI–chemotherapy is not a cost-effective strategy for patients with BRAF^V600E-mutated metastatic lung cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Health Economics)

17 pages, 607 KB

Open AccessArticle

Imaging-Based Risk Stratification of IPMN Using a Structured Imaging Score: A Retrospective Proof-of-Concept Study

by Stefano Fusco, Hannes F. Digomann, Sabrina Groß, Nisar Peter Malek, Eckhart Fröhlich and Tatjana Hoffmann

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(7), 383; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33070383 - 24 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Accurate risk stratification of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) remains clinically challenging. This study evaluates a structured imaging-based scoring approach for IPMN risk stratification, referred to as the Tübingen Dignity Score (TDS), and compares its diagnostic performance with established methods. Methods: In [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Accurate risk stratification of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) remains clinically challenging. This study evaluates a structured imaging-based scoring approach for IPMN risk stratification, referred to as the Tübingen Dignity Score (TDS), and compares its diagnostic performance with established methods. Methods: In this retrospective study, imaging findings from patients with suspected IPMN were analyzed using MRI, CT, and ultrasound. The TDS was applied as an imaging-based scoring system. Diagnostic performance was assessed in a histopathological subset and compared with MRI-based assessment and Fukuoka criteria. Results: MRI showed high sensitivity (94.4%) but limited specificity (57.1%). Fukuoka criteria showed high sensitivity (100%) and high specificity (91.3%) in this cohort, although with a lower positive predictive value. In contrast, the TDS showed high specificity (100%) and positive predictive value, but lower sensitivity (40%), reflecting a different diagnostic profile. These findings indicate a trade-off between sensitivity and specificity across the evaluated approaches. However, the limited number of malignant cases limits the robustness and generalizability of these estimates. Conclusions: The TDS may serve as a complementary, imaging-based tool within a multimodal diagnostic framework for IPMN. Its potential value lies in supporting clinical decision-making in selected cases, particularly where established criteria yield inconclusive results. Given the limited sample size, retrospective single-center design, and exploratory nature of this study, external prospective multicenter validation is required before routine clinical application can be recommended. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surgical and Medical Management of Pancreatic Tumors: Indication, Techniques, and Prognostic Factors)

11 pages, 1686 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Paraneoplastic Minimal Change Disease Signaling Post-Transplant AML Relapse: Two Cases and a Literature Review

by Kainat Saleem, Sanjana Kamat, Nigar A. Khurram, Bassem S. Hendawy, Sawa Ito and Pooja Amarapurkar

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(7), 382; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33070382 - 24 Jun 2026

Abstract

Membranous nephropathy (MN) and minimal change disease (MCD) are the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), a complication conventionally attributed to chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Paraneoplastic MCD is well described in lymphoid malignancies but is rarely reported [...] Read more.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) and minimal change disease (MCD) are the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), a complication conventionally attributed to chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Paraneoplastic MCD is well described in lymphoid malignancies but is rarely reported in myeloid neoplasms. We report two cases of biopsy-confirmed MCD presenting as the initial manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapse following allogeneic HSCT. Both patients were White men in their sixties with relapsed/refractory AML who developed nephrotic-range proteinuria and acute kidney injury after matched unrelated donor HSCT without histologic evidence of GVHD. Renal biopsies confirmed MCD in both cases. Corticosteroid therapy was ineffective in halting renal deterioration; renal function improved only after initiation of leukemia-directed therapy, with one patient achieving dialysis independence. These cases highlight a rare paraneoplastic presentation of AML relapse. Nephrotic syndrome due to MCD may signal post-HSCT leukemia recurrence, and evaluation for AML relapse warrants consideration in steroid-refractory cases or those without concurrent GVHD. In such cases, control of the underlying malignancy, rather than escalation of immunosuppression, may be central to renal recovery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Insights into Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Molecular Targets and Evolving Treatment Paradigms)

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11 pages, 870 KB

Open AccessArticle

Aprepitant and Fosaprepitant for Preventing Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy—A Real-World Study

by Beyza Ünlü, Hacer Demir, Sena Ece Davarcı, Yaşar Culha, Duygu Özaşkın, Fariz Emrah Özkan, Sedat Yıldız, Canan Yıldız and Meltem Baykara

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(7), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33070381 - 24 Jun 2026

Abstract

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting substantially impair patients’ quality of life despite considerable advances in supportive care. Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, including oral aprepitant and intravenous fosaprepitant, constitute essential components of antiemetic regimens for highly emetogenic chemotherapy. In this prospective, non-randomized observational study, we compared [...] Read more.

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting substantially impair patients’ quality of life despite considerable advances in supportive care. Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, including oral aprepitant and intravenous fosaprepitant, constitute essential components of antiemetic regimens for highly emetogenic chemotherapy. In this prospective, non-randomized observational study, we compared the efficacy of oral aprepitant and intravenous fosaprepitant administered in combination with 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonists and dexamethasone in 136 chemotherapy-naive patients receiving cisplatin- or doxorubicin–cyclophosphamide-based regimens. Complete response rates during the acute (0–24 h), delayed (24–120 h), and overall (0–120 h) phases were comparable between the two groups, with no statistically significant differences in emesis severity. Multivariable analyses further demonstrated similar effectiveness irrespective of age, sex, or chemotherapy regimen. These findings indicate that no statistically significant differences in antiemetic efficacy were observed between aprepitant and fosaprepitant in routine clinical practice. Fosaprepitant may therefore represent a practical alternative when oral administration is not feasible. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Palliative and Supportive Care)

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29 pages, 983 KB

Open AccessArticle

Perceptions and Use of Clinical Practice Guidelines in Psychosocial Oncology—A Pan-Canadian Survey of Mental Health and Social Service Professionals

by Catherine Bergeron, Carmen G. Loiselle, Martin Drapeau and Annett Körner

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(7), 380; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33070380 - 24 Jun 2026

Abstract

Rising cancer incidence and survival rates have led to an unprecedented demand for psychosocial care. Yet, limited financial and practical resources present a barrier to the provision of evidence-based care. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are well-positioned to enhance the quality and efficiency of [...] Read more.

Rising cancer incidence and survival rates have led to an unprecedented demand for psychosocial care. Yet, limited financial and practical resources present a barrier to the provision of evidence-based care. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are well-positioned to enhance the quality and efficiency of psychosocial oncology care; however, little is known about their use and perceptions in the field. The present study explored the use and perceptions of CPGs among 172 Canadian psychosocial oncology clinicians via a cross-sectional, online survey. Findings revealed substantial variation in awareness, with over 20% of participants reporting no familiarity with CPGs, and low to moderate use of CPGs (M = 2.97, SD = 2.96) among users. Key barriers included a lack of formal training, limited applicability to local contexts, and systemic constraints such as high workloads. Conversely, participants highly endorsed facilitators, including accessible training programs, relevant tools/interventions, and greater institutional and community engagement. Clinician perspectives are paramount to the dissemination and implementation of psychosocial oncology CPGs. Our findings suggest that successful implementation requires broader accessibility, widespread adaptation, and greater community engagement. By addressing these systemic constraints, CPGs may be better positioned to bridge the gap between evidence and real-world service provision. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Psychosocial Oncology)

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17 pages, 560 KB

Open AccessArticle

Real-World Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma: Treatment Delivery, Immune Reconstitution, and Cardiac Monitoring During High-Dose IL-2

by Mohamed A. Aboelatta, Jabra Zarka, Nika Tchatchua, Noureldin A. Aboelatta, Jeffrey E. Johnson, James W. Jakub, Justin Desroches, Justine Wilson-Miller, Anthony Tabiim, Deepti Behl, Heather N. Montane, Lisa A. Kottschade, Anastasios Dimou, Matthew S. Block, Elisabeth I. Heath, Bently Doonan, Mahesh Seetharam, Julian R. Molina, Jonathan E. Charnin, Paula Gill, Yi Lin, Binav Baral, Svetomir N. Markovic and Arkadiusz Z. Dudek Show full author list Hide full author list

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(7), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33070379 (registering DOI) - 24 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is an important option for patients with metastatic melanoma progressing after standard systemic therapy, but real-world data on treatment delivery, toxicity monitoring, and immune recovery remain limited. We evaluated clinical outcomes, treatment tolerance, immune reconstitution, and cardiac biomarker [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is an important option for patients with metastatic melanoma progressing after standard systemic therapy, but real-world data on treatment delivery, toxicity monitoring, and immune recovery remain limited. We evaluated clinical outcomes, treatment tolerance, immune reconstitution, and cardiac biomarker dynamics across three Mayo Clinic sites. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed adults with metastatic melanoma who received lymphodepleting chemotherapy followed by TIL infusion and high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) between April 2024 and December 2025. Clinical outcomes, treatment delivery, and adverse events were assessed. Longitudinal immune monitoring included CD4 and CD8 T-cell counts, CD4:CD8 ratio, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) at baseline and follow-up. In a prespecified cardiac sub-cohort, high-sensitivity troponin (hs-Tn) was measured during IL-2 administration to evaluate associations with cardiac events and IL-2 interruption. Results: Thirty-six patients underwent TIL infusion. The objective response rate was 50.0%, including complete responses in 13.9%, and the disease control rate was 72.2%. Median progression-free survival was 3.61 months, and median overall survival was 12.94 months. M1d disease was associated with inferior overall survival on univariable analysis (HR 6.55, 95% CI 2.03–21.17; p = 0.002), with attenuation after multivariable adjustment. Receipt of ≥3 IL-2 doses was associated with longer overall survival on univariable analysis (HR 0.20, 95% CI 0.06–0.64; p = 0.007), but this association also attenuated after adjustment. Longitudinal immune monitoring demonstrated persistent CD4 lymphopenia through 6 months, sustained inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio, and declining IgG at months 3 and 6. In the cardiac sub-cohort (24 patients; 87 IL-2 doses), post-dose hs-Tn ≥15 ng/L was associated with clinically significant cardiac events (OR 9.6, 95% CI 1.5–60.6; p = 0.016) and IL-2 interruption (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.1–10.7; p = 0.036). For cardiac events, hs-Tn ≥15 ng/L had 100% sensitivity and 100% negative predictive value. Conclusions: In routine practice, TIL therapy was feasible and active in metastatic melanoma. M1d disease identified a subgroup with poor survival, peri-dose hs-Tn showed promise as a tool to support safer IL-2 delivery, and prolonged CD4 suppression with IgG decline suggests that recovery after TIL therapy extends beyond initial hematologic reconstitution. These findings support prospective validation of biomarker-guided IL-2 monitoring and extended post-treatment immune surveillance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunotherapy for Melanoma: Systemic and Locoregional Approaches, Mechanisms, and Future Directions)

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15 pages, 596 KB

Open AccessReview

Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Biological Foundations and Emerging Clinical Applications

by Jason King Talao, Rohann Correa, Lakshman Gunaratnam and Ricardo Fernandes

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(7), 378; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33070378 (registering DOI) - 23 Jun 2026

Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a biologically heterogeneous malignancy characterized by variable clinical behavior and diverse molecular phenotypes. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies have transformed the treatment landscape of advanced RCC, clinically validated biomarkers capable of improving risk stratification, therapeutic-decision making [...] Read more.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a biologically heterogeneous malignancy characterized by variable clinical behavior and diverse molecular phenotypes. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies have transformed the treatment landscape of advanced RCC, clinically validated biomarkers capable of improving risk stratification, therapeutic-decision making and disease monitoring remain lacking. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), also known as hepatitis A virus cellular receptor-1 (HAVCR1) or T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein-1 (TIM-1), has emerged as a biologically compelling investigational biomarker e because of its close relationship to proximal tubular epithelial injury and renal carcinogenesis. KIM-1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein minimally expressed in normal kidney tissue but markedly upregulated in dedifferentiated proximal tubular epithelial cells following injury, and in clear cell RCC, where its extracellular domain can be shed into plasma and urine. Beyond its role as a marker of tubular injury, KIM-1 participates in immune regulation, phagocytosis, inflammatory signaling and tissue remodeling, supporting its potential relevance to tumor biology. Clinical studies have demonstrated associations between elevated circulating KIM-1 levels and RCC diagnosis, recurrence risk, and survival outcomes, particularly in localized and postoperative disease settings. KIM-1 has additionally been investigated as a therapeutic target through antibody–drug conjugate approaches. Despite promising translational data, important limitations yet remain. Current evidence is predominantly prognostic rather than predictive, and substantial analytical and biological challenges continue to limit implementation. Assay standardization, clinically meaningful cutoffs, specimen selection, timing of sampling, and confounding by chronic kidney disease or nonmalignant renal injury remain incompletely resolved. Furthermore, evidence supporting incremental value beyond established clinicopathologic models remains limited. This review critically evaluates the biological rationale, analytical considerations and clinical evidence supporting KIM-1 in RCC. Particular emphasis is placed on distinguishing prognostic, predictive, pharmacodynamic, and therapeutic applications, as well as defining the evidentiary gaps that must be addressed before clinical implementation. Current evidence is derived predominantly from retrospective and exploratory analyses, and important limitations remain regarding assay standardization, biological specificity, chronic kidney disease-related confounding, and prospective validation. The review concludes with a summary of the evolving landscape of KIM-1-directed biomarker strategies in RCC, which may ultimately contribute to improved biologic risk stratification and biomarker-driven clinical investigation in RCC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genomic and Molecular Profiling in Genitourinary Oncology: Shaping the Future of Diagnosis and Treatment)

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17 pages, 287 KB

Open AccessConference Report

Optimizing Care Pathways from Screening/Detection to Survivorship for Early Age Onset Cancer Patients in Canada

by Michael J. Raphael, Darren R. Brenner, Tanya Chawla, Trudy Matwiy, Stuart Peacock, Robby Spring, Perri R. Tutelman, Eva Villalba, Cassandra Macaulay and Filomena Servidio-Italiano

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(7), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33070377 - 23 Jun 2026

Abstract

The fifth annual pan-tumour Early Age Onset Cancer (EAOC) Symposium, held in November 2025 and organized by the Colorectal Cancer Resource & Action Network (CCRAN), convened clinicians, researchers, policymakers, patients, and caregivers to address the rising incidence of cancers in individuals under 50 [...] Read more.

The fifth annual pan-tumour Early Age Onset Cancer (EAOC) Symposium, held in November 2025 and organized by the Colorectal Cancer Resource & Action Network (CCRAN), convened clinicians, researchers, policymakers, patients, and caregivers to address the rising incidence of cancers in individuals under 50 years. In addition to discussions around diagnostic and therapeutic advances for patients with late-stage disease, content centered on addressing critical gaps along the EAOC care continuum, including (i) diagnostic delays related to limited awareness and suboptimal primary care pathways, (ii) screening eligibility criteria for colorectal cancer (CRC) that no longer reflect current disease epidemiology, and (iii) insufficient age-appropriate infrastructure to meet the EAOC population’s unique unmet needs with respect to psychosocial support, fertility counseling, financial navigation, and survivorship planning. The symposium generated consensus recommendations such as the embedding of EAOC education into medical training curricula to increase the index of suspicion of EAOC in primary care, lowering the CRC screening age to 45 years to match this population’s rising disease incidence, and expanding multidisciplinary adolescent and young adult (AYA) and EAOC programs—including through the use of virtual models—to ensure that patients receive coordinated, comprehensive, equitable and age-appropriate care across the country. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Oncology Nursing)

18 pages, 775 KB

Open AccessArticle

Coping with an Uncertain or Poor Cancer Prognosis as an Adolescent or Young Adult: A Cross-Sectional Cluster Analysis

by Milou J. P. Reuvers, Winette T. A. van der Graaf, Olga Husson and Leyla Azarang

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(7), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33070376 - 23 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background: A subgroup of adolescent and young adult patients (AYAs; 18 to 39 years at diagnosis) face an uncertain or poor cancer prognosis (UPCP). Previous qualitative research identified dual coping pathways in this population: engagement in life versus the reality of premature death. [...] Read more.

Background: A subgroup of adolescent and young adult patients (AYAs; 18 to 39 years at diagnosis) face an uncertain or poor cancer prognosis (UPCP). Previous qualitative research identified dual coping pathways in this population: engagement in life versus the reality of premature death. This study examines whether similar psychosocial profiles can be identified through quantitative data, aiming to differentiate patient experiences and identify characteristic features of each cluster. Additionally, this study examines the association between cluster membership and social support needs to understand psychosocial disparities. Methods: Eligible participants completed questionnaires assessing physical, psychosocial, and existential outcomes related to their disease and prognosis. An ensemble clustering approach was applied, including evaluation of clustering tendency and multiple algorithms, with stable clusters identified through majority voting. Associations with social support needs were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Data from 155 AYAs with a UPCP were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 31.2 years, with glioma (34.8%) and breast cancer (17.4%) as the most common diagnoses. Two distinct clusters were identified: one (22%) characterized by poorer functional outcomes and fewer protective factors (e.g., hope, meaning in life), and another cluster (78%) with better functioning and less frequent needs for social support (p < 0.00043). Conclusions: Findings revealed divergent psychosocial profiles within the AYA-UPCP population, highlighting the importance of early identification of vulnerable subgroups. Strengthening protective factors may enhance resilience and reduce unmet support needs. Validation in larger, external datasets is needed to confirm these pathways and guide tailored supportive care strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Psychosocial Oncology)

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20 pages, 3031 KB

Open AccessReview

Mandibular Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors: A Literature Review with a New Case Presentation

by Cristina Benites, Kirollos Armosh, Edgar D. Uribe Sanchez, Lauren A. Ruddocks and Peter T. Dziegielewski

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(7), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33070375 - 23 Jun 2026

Abstract

Aim: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm with few reported mandibular cases. This review aims to describe the clinical characteristics, surgical management and outcomes of 13 mandibular IMT cases, and to introduce the Jaw in a Day (JIAD) approach as [...] Read more.

Aim: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm with few reported mandibular cases. This review aims to describe the clinical characteristics, surgical management and outcomes of 13 mandibular IMT cases, and to introduce the Jaw in a Day (JIAD) approach as a novel surgical option. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were searched systematically. From an initial pool of 261 articles, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Results: Thirteen mandibular IMT cases were identified in the literature. A new case is also presented: a 15-year-old female treated with surgical excision using the JIAD approach. At 12-month follow-up, oral function was restored with no disease recurrence. Discussion: Mandibular IMT is exceedingly rare. The JIAD approach offers immediate reconstruction with satisfactory functional outcomes, as supported by both the current case and the reviewed literature. Conclusions: The JIAD surgical approach may represent an effective management strategy for mandibular IMT. Further cases are needed to validate this approach and establish standardized treatment protocols. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Head and Neck Oncology)

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17 pages, 4531 KB

Open AccessArticle

Predicting Post-Radiotherapy Lymphocyte Recovery for Individualized Risk Stratification in Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

by Hongshan Ji, Yuhao Su, Menglu Liu, Yajing Wang, Qiuying An, Yage Jia, Zihan Zhang, Jin Yan, Jingxin Bai, Ping Zhang and Zhiguo Zhou

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(6), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33060374 - 22 Jun 2026

Abstract

The prognostic value of post-radiotherapy (RT) lymphocyte recovery remains unclear in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and tools to predict recovery are lacking. This study evaluated lymphocyte recovery as a survival predictor and developed a prediction model. We analyzed 233 patients [...] Read more.

The prognostic value of post-radiotherapy (RT) lymphocyte recovery remains unclear in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and tools to predict recovery are lacking. This study evaluated lymphocyte recovery as a survival predictor and developed a prediction model. We analyzed 233 patients (2019–2024; training:validation = 7:3). Lymphocyte recovery was assessed at 1 and 3 months post-RT (ΔALC₁ > 0.41 and ΔALC₃ > 0.25 × 10⁹/L, calculated as ALC at each time point minus ALC at the end of RT). Patients were stratified into three groups by recovery status: no recovery (Group 0), recovery at both time points (Group 2), or at only one time point (Group 1). Multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of lymphocyte recovery, and a nomogram was developed and internally validated. Median overall survival (OS) was 26.4 months and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 13.9 months. OS differed significantly among groups: 16.0 months (Group 0), 26.0 months (Group 1), and 50.0 months (Group 2) (p < 0.001). Median PFS was 10.2, 12.0, and 36.6 months, respectively (p < 0.001). Independent predictors included ECOG 0 and thoracic spine V₅ < 57.3%; planning target volume < 210 cm³ showed a trend toward association (p = 0.051). The nomogram demonstrated AUCs of 0.77 and 0.75 in the training and validation cohorts. Superior lymphocyte recovery appears to be associated with improved survival. The model, if externally validated, may facilitate individualized risk stratification. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)

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6 pages, 176 KB

Open AccessEditorial

From Adjunct to Essential: Integrating Supportive Care into Oncology

by Gilla K. Shapiro, Fredrick D. Ashbury, Jonathan Avery, Jacqueline L. Bender, Sylvie Lambert and Madeline Li

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(6), 373; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33060373 - 22 Jun 2026

Abstract

Psychosocial oncology is a discipline concerned with the social, psychological, emotional, spiritual, quality-of-life, and practical aspects of cancer for patients and families, with the aim of supporting whole-person care [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Hope for the Next Decade of Psychosocial Oncology: Optimizing the Integration of Supportive Care into Oncology Care)

13 pages, 520 KB

Open AccessArticle

Next-Generation Sequencing in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients Treated with Lenvatinib: Results and Challenges in Real-Life Practice

by Matteo Ferrari, Alice Nervo, Francesca Maletta, Sara Mariani, Elisa Vaccaro, Alessandro Piovesan and Emanuela Arvat

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(6), 372; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33060372 - 21 Jun 2026

Abstract

Objective: Our objectives were to describe molecular profiling in a real-life cohort of patients with radioiodine-resistant (RAI-R) differentiated or poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC or PDTC) treated with lenvatinib and to focus on factors potentially influencing the quality of tissue samples for molecular [...] Read more.

Objective: Our objectives were to describe molecular profiling in a real-life cohort of patients with radioiodine-resistant (RAI-R) differentiated or poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC or PDTC) treated with lenvatinib and to focus on factors potentially influencing the quality of tissue samples for molecular analysis, including the impact of storage time, defined as the interval between tissue collection and molecular testing. Design: We retrospectively included all lenvatinib-treated RAI-R DTC or PDTC patients tested with DNA- and/or RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) in our center, also analyzing the results of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for RET fusions if the sample did not satisfy quality criteria for RNA-based NGS analysis. We investigated differences in terms of histotype, biopsy site, or storage time between adequate and inadequate samples for RNA-based NGS. Results: At least one gene alteration was detected in 50% of the cohort (18 out of 36 patients); RAS and BRAF were the most frequent mutations, while gene fusions accounted for 5.6% of cases. Tissue samples were more frequently adequate for DNA-based NGS compared to RNA-NGS analysis (93.9% vs. 58.3%, p < 0.001). The median storage time was significantly longer in the case of inadequate samples for RNA-based NGS compared with adequate specimens (41.5 vs. 9.5 months, p = 0.016); samples archived for ≥3 years led more frequently to an inadequate result. Conclusions: Advanced RAI-R TC candidates for systemic therapy often harbor gene alterations. An adequate result was less frequently achieved in cases of RNA-based NGS than in DNA-based NGS, especially if the interval between tissue collection and molecular analysis was longer; nevertheless, the limited cohort size precludes definitive conclusions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Head and Neck Oncology)

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15 pages, 935 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Route of Administration Determines the Efficacy of Zinc in Preventing Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Chih-Sheng Tsao, Kai-Yu Wang and Chih-Ying Liao

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(6), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33060371 - 21 Jun 2026

Abstract

Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) frequently causes severe pain and treatment interruptions in patients with head and neck cancer. While earlier guidelines suggested zinc supplementation, updated MASCC/ISOO guidelines downgraded it to ‘No Guideline Possible’ due to highly conflicting evidence. This study aims to resolve [...] Read more.

Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) frequently causes severe pain and treatment interruptions in patients with head and neck cancer. While earlier guidelines suggested zinc supplementation, updated MASCC/ISOO guidelines downgraded it to ‘No Guideline Possible’ due to highly conflicting evidence. This study aims to resolve these inconsistencies by evaluating zinc’s prophylactic efficacy and investigating whether the route of administration determines its clinical benefit. Following PRISMA guidelines and INPLASY registration (INPLASY202620063), we searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library through February 2026. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing prophylactic zinc versus placebo or standard care in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. The primary outcome was severe (Grade 3–4) RIOM incidence. Data from five RCTs (332 patients) were pooled using a random-effects model. Overall, zinc significantly reduced severe mucositis risk (RR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17–0.73, p = 0.005). Crucially, an exploratory subgroup analysis revealed a striking divergence based on delivery route. Topical zinc mouthwash demonstrated encouraging protection (RR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.05–0.49, p = 0.001) with zero heterogeneity (I² = 0%). In contrast, systemic zinc yielded borderline, inconsistent benefits (RR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.27–1.01, p = 0.055, I² = 37%). In conclusion, the localized pool of contemporary evidence clearly demonstrates that the systemic oral ingestion of zinc supplements does not provide a reliable prophylactic benefit against severe radiation-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer care. Conversely, topical zinc mouthwashes exhibit an encouraging protective trend; however, the severe paucity of available randomized trials and low cumulative patient volume preclude definitive clinical verification. While these exploratory findings suggest that topical administration may provide a more consistent protective trend compared to systemic routes, they should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating rather than definitive. Future large-scale, multi-center RCTs are strictly warranted to validate these promising route-specific benefits before formal guideline integration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Head and Neck Oncology)

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