Cancer Biology and Radiation Therapy: 2nd Edition

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Topic is the second edition of the Topic “Cancer Biology and Radiation Therapy”, available at https://www.mdpi.com/topics/CBART.

Radiation therapy or radiotherapy, often abbreviated as RT, RTx, or XRT, uses ionizing radiation, generally provided as part of cancer treatment to control or kill malignant cells and usually delivered by a linear accelerator. Radiation therapy may be curative in several types of cancer if they are localized to one area of the body. It may also be used as part of adjuvant therapy to prevent tumor recurrence after surgery to remove a primary malignant tumor (for example, early stages of breast cancer). Radiation therapy is synergistic with chemotherapy and has been used before, during, and after chemotherapy in susceptible cancers. The subspecialty of oncology concerned with radiotherapy is called radiation oncology.

Prof. Dr. Chang Ming Charlie Ma
Dr. Ka Yu Tse
Dr. Ming-Yii Huang
Dr. Mukund Seshadri
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Cancers cancers	4.5	8.0	2009	17.4 Days	CHF 2900	Submit
Current Oncology curroncol	2.8	3.3	1994	19.8 Days	CHF 2200	Submit
Journal of Clinical Medicine jcm	3.0	5.7	2012	16 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Medicina medicina	2.4	3.3	1920	17.1 Days	CHF 2200	Submit
Onco onco	-	-	2021	27.8 Days	CHF 1000	Submit

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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All Cancers Current Oncology JCM Medicina Onco

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12 pages, 8141 KiB  

Open AccessCase Report

Radiation Therapy for Cutaneous Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

by Masashi Taka, Shinichiro Toyoshima, Shigeyuki Takamatsu and Satoshi Kobayashi

Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(11), 7117-7128; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31110524 - 13 Nov 2024

Viewed by 1101

Abstract

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a clinically aggressive hematologic malignancy derived from plasmacytoid dendritic cells. It commonly presents as cutaneous lesions. To date, no standard treatment protocol for BPDCN exists. Traditionally treated similarly to acute leukemia or lymphoma, its prognosis remains [...] Read more.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a clinically aggressive hematologic malignancy derived from plasmacytoid dendritic cells. It commonly presents as cutaneous lesions. To date, no standard treatment protocol for BPDCN exists. Traditionally treated similarly to acute leukemia or lymphoma, its prognosis remains poor. Radiation therapy is employed for isolated skin lesions, for patients that are ineligible for chemotherapy due to age or comorbidities and for post-chemotherapy recurrence. However, very limited reports are available on radiotherapy for BPDCN. We present a case involving a 94-year-old BPDCN patient treated with radiation therapy, highlighting an atypical situation of two separate radiotherapy sessions with different dosages for isolated skin lesions. Initially, 45 Gy was administered in 15 fractions (45 Gy/15 Fr), followed by a second session of 30 Gy in 10 fractions (30 Gy/10 Fr) after disease recurrence. This case is unique in detailing radiation therapy for the exceedingly rare BPDCN, particularly dose fractionation. The findings indicate that 45 Gy/15 Fr can provide adequate local control, while even a lower dose of 30 Gy/10 Fr may be effective. This case report contributes to the limited literature by proposing potential therapeutic approaches and dosage guidelines to refine future BPDCN treatment protocols. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cancer Biology and Radiation Therapy: 2nd Edition)

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10 pages, 474 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

The Clinical Course of the Late Toxicity of Definitive Radiotherapy in Cervical Cancer

by So Jung Lee, Myungsoo Kim, Yoo-Kang Kwak and Hye Jin Kang

Medicina 2024, 60(8), 1364; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081364 - 21 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1245

Abstract

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the clinical course and characteristics of late toxicity over time following the completion of definitive radiotherapy (RT) in patients with cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 60 [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the clinical course and characteristics of late toxicity over time following the completion of definitive radiotherapy (RT) in patients with cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 60 patients with cervical cancer who underwent pelvic external beam radiotherapy followed by intracavitary brachytherapy. Late toxicity was assessed for the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract and bladder organ at 6, 12, 24, 36, and >36 months post-RT. We examined the onset and prevalence of late toxicity at each time point. Clinical remission and interventions for managing late toxicity were also investigated. Results: The peak onset of lower GI toxicity occurred 12 months after RT completion, with a median symptom duration of 9.9 months (range, 0.1–26.3 months), and exhibited its highest prevalence rate of 15.5% at 24 months post-RT. Most GI toxicities developed and resolved within three years post-RT, with a prevalence rate of 8.1% at three years, followed by a decreasing trend. Bladder toxicity first peaked at 24 months post-RT and continued to occur beyond 36 months, showing the re-increasing pattern in the prevalence rate after 36 months (23.5%). In terms of clinical remission, 66.7% of lower GI toxicities (12 of 18 patients) and 60% of bladder toxicities (9 of 15 patients) achieved complete remission by the last follow-up date. Conclusions: Late toxicities of the GI and bladder following definitive RT in cervical cancer are partially reversible and exhibit distinct patterns of onset and prevalence over time. A systematic follow-up strategy should be established for the early detection and timely intervention of late toxicity by understanding these clinical courses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cancer Biology and Radiation Therapy: 2nd Edition)

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9 pages, 943 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Detection of HPV DNA in Saliva of Patients with HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy

by Atsushi Motegi, Shun-ichiro Kageyama, Yukie Kashima, Hidenari Hirata, Hidehiro Hojo, Masaki Nakamura, Takeshi Fujisawa, Tomohiro Enokida, Makoto Tahara, Kazuto Matsuura and Sadamoto Zenda

Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(8), 4397-4405; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31080328 - 1 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1466

Abstract

Background: To investigate the technical feasibility of RT–PCR and direct sequencing to quantify HPV DNA in the saliva of patients with Human-Papilloma-Virus related oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC), the level of which is known to predict prognosis after treatment. Methods: Nine patients with locally advanced [...] Read more.

Background: To investigate the technical feasibility of RT–PCR and direct sequencing to quantify HPV DNA in the saliva of patients with Human-Papilloma-Virus related oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC), the level of which is known to predict prognosis after treatment. Methods: Nine patients with locally advanced HPV-OPC treated with definitive radiotherapy with chemotherapy or cetuximab, or radiotherapy alone between April 2016 and September 2017, were enrolled, two of whom also received induction chemotherapy. Saliva was collected before (baseline), during (mid-RT) and after (post-RT) radiotherapy. HPV-16 DNAs (E6 and E7) in saliva were quantified by RT–PCR and sequencing, the latter using a custom cancer panel. Correlations between HPV DNA levels and clinical outcomes were assessed. Results: Compared to the baseline, the relative cycle threshold (Ct) value of E6 and E7 reduced at the point of mid-RT in the majority of the patients (100% and 75% for E6 and E7, respectively). Similarly, the relative Ct value from the baseline to post-RT reduced in 86% and 100% of the patients for E6 and E7, respectively. During the follow-up period, three patients (33%) experienced disease progression. The relative baseline Ct values of these three patients were in the top 4 of all the patients. The sequences of HPV DNA were detected in five (83%) of six samples of the baseline saliva that underwent DNA sequencing, along with several gene mutations, such as TP53,CDKN2A and PIK3CA. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that, in addition to detection and quantification of HPV DNA by RT–PCR, detection by sequencing of HPV-DNA using a customized cancer panel is technically possible. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cancer Biology and Radiation Therapy: 2nd Edition)

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11 pages, 748 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Incidence, Characteristics and Survival Rates of Bladder Cancer after Rectosigmoid Cancer Radiation

by Mario de Angelis, Carolin Siech, Francesco Di Bello, Natali Rodriguez Peñaranda, Jordan A. Goyal, Zhe Tian, Nicola Longo, Felix K. H. Chun, Stefano Puliatti, Fred Saad, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Mattia Longoni, Giorgio Gandaglia, Marco Moschini, Francesco Montorsi, Alberto Briganti and Pierre I. Karakiewicz

Cancers 2024, 16(13), 2404; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16132404 - 29 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1185

Abstract

Background: Historical external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for rectosigmoid cancer (RCa) predisposed patients to an increased risk of secondary bladder cancer (BCa). However, no contemporary radiotherapy studies are available. We addressed this knowledge gap. Materials and methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End [...] Read more.

Background: Historical external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for rectosigmoid cancer (RCa) predisposed patients to an increased risk of secondary bladder cancer (BCa). However, no contemporary radiotherapy studies are available. We addressed this knowledge gap. Materials and methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2000–2020), we identified non-metastatic RCa patients who either underwent radiotherapy (EBRT+) or did not (EBRT-). Cumulative incidence plots and multivariable competing risk regression models (CRR) were fitted to address rates of BCa after RCa. In the subgroup of BCa patients, the same methodology addressed BCa-specific mortality (BCSM) according to EBRT exposure status. Results: Of the 188,658 non-metastatic RCa patients, 54,562 (29%) were EBRT+ vs. 134,096 (73%) who were EBRT-. In the cumulative incidence plots, the ten-year BCa rates were 0.7% in EBRT+ vs. 0.7% in EBRT- patients (p = 0.8). In the CRR, EBRT+ status was unrelated to BCa rates (multivariable HR: 1.1, p = 0.8). In the subgroup of 1416 patients with BCa after RCa, 443 (31%) were EBRT+ vs. 973 (69%) who were EBRT-. In the cumulative incidence plots, the ten-year BCSM rates were 10.6% in EBRT+ vs. 12.1% in EBRT- patients (p = 0.7). In the CRR, EBRT+ status was unrelated to subsequent BCSM rates (multivariable HR: 0.9, p = 0.9). Conclusion: Although historical EBRT for RCa predisposed patients to higher BCa rates, contemporary EBRT for RCa is not associated with increased subsequent BCa risk. Moreover, in patients with BCa after RCa, exposure to EBRT does not affect BCSM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cancer Biology and Radiation Therapy: 2nd Edition)

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10 pages, 1586 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Tumor Control and Normal Tissue Complication Probabilities in Patients Receiving Comprehensive Nodal Irradiation for Left-Sided Breast Cancer

by Christian H. Flores-Balcázar and Dulce M. Urías-Arce

Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3189-3198; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060241 - 31 May 2024

Viewed by 1304

Abstract

Women with left-sided breast cancer receiving adjuvant radiotherapy have increased incidence of cardiac mortality due to ischemic heart disease; to date, no threshold dose for late cardiac/pulmonary morbidity or mortality has been established. We investigated the likelihood of cardiac death and radiation pneumonitis [...] Read more.

Women with left-sided breast cancer receiving adjuvant radiotherapy have increased incidence of cardiac mortality due to ischemic heart disease; to date, no threshold dose for late cardiac/pulmonary morbidity or mortality has been established. We investigated the likelihood of cardiac death and radiation pneumonitis in women with left-sided breast cancer who received comprehensive lymph node irradiation. The differences in dosimetric parameters between free-breathing (FB) and deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) techniques were also addressed. Based on NTCP calculations, the probability of cardiac death was significantly reduced with the DIBH compared to the FB technique (p < 0.001). The risk of radiation pneumonitis was not clinically significant. There was no difference in coverage between FB and DIBH plans. Doses to healthy structures were significantly lower in DIBH plan than in FB plan for V20, V30, and ipsilateral total lung volume. Inspiratory gating reduces the dose absorbed by the heart without compromising the target range, thus reducing the likelihood of cardiac death. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cancer Biology and Radiation Therapy: 2nd Edition)

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