Current Oncology

15 pages, 1193 KB

Open AccessArticle

Somatostatin Receptor 2 Overexpression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Cancer Biology and Therapeutic Applications

by Servando Hernandez Vargas, Solmaz Aghaamiri, Jack T. Adams, Tyler M. Bateman, Belkacem Acidi, Sukhen C. Ghosh, Vahid Khalaj, Ahmed O. Kaseb, Hop S. Tran Cao, Majid Momeny and Ali Azhdarinia

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 512; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090512 (registering DOI) - 13 Sep 2025

Abstract

(1) Background: Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), a G protein-coupled receptor, is overexpressed in multiple malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While SSTR2 has traditionally been viewed as an inhibitory receptor involved in suppressing hormone secretion and cell proliferation, emerging evidence suggests a more complex [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), a G protein-coupled receptor, is overexpressed in multiple malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While SSTR2 has traditionally been viewed as an inhibitory receptor involved in suppressing hormone secretion and cell proliferation, emerging evidence suggests a more complex role in cancer biology. However, the functional implications of SSTR2 expression in HCC remain poorly understood. This study aimed to systematically investigate the molecular landscape associated with SSTR2 expression in HCC and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target. (2) Methods: SSTR2 expression patterns across 22 tumor types were assessed using TNMplot, and its expression in HCC was further validated through The Human Protein Atlas. Integrative analysis of transcriptomic profiles, protein expression data, and somatic copy number alterations was performed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to stratify HCC patients by SSTR2 expression levels. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was conducted via SRplot to uncover biological processes and signaling pathways associated with SSTR2. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were performed using GEO datasets to determine the prognostic significance of SSTR2 expression. (3) Results: SSTR2 is moderately expressed in the majority of HCC tumors. Elevated SSTR2 expression correlates with significantly poorer overall and disease-specific survival. High SSTR2 levels are associated with activation of oncogenic signaling cascades related to cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and metastasis. Additionally, SSTR2 expression is positively correlated with several receptor tyrosine kinases and oncogenes implicated in HCC progression. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that SSTR2 is not merely a passive biomarker but may contribute to HCC pathogenesis through modulation of oncogenic pathways. These data support the rationale for further development of SSTR2-directed therapeutic strategies to inhibit tumor growth and invasion in HCC patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Therapeutic Strategies, Biomarkers, and Molecular Pathways in Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Cancers)

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27 pages, 370 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Impact of Depression on Mortality in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review

by Matthieu Hein and Christelle Bouchart

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090511 (registering DOI) - 13 Sep 2025

Abstract

The literature provides evidence of the negative impact of depression on mortality among cancer patients. Depression is also a common comorbidity in pancreatic cancer (PC). The objective of this systematic review was to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the potential role of depression [...] Read more.

The literature provides evidence of the negative impact of depression on mortality among cancer patients. Depression is also a common comorbidity in pancreatic cancer (PC). The objective of this systematic review was to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the potential role of depression in the excess mortality observed in patients with PC. Based on PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD420251135451) was conducted in August 2025 using the Pubmed-Medline and Scopus database. After assessment by two readers of the 325 identified articles, 8 articles (n = 143,033) published between 1 January 2010 and 15 August 2025 investigating the specific impact of depression (diagnosed by psychiatric interviews, self-report questionnaires, or diagnostic codes) on mortality in patients with PC (diagnosed by clinical diagnosis or diagnostic codes) were included in this systematic literature review. Articles that were not research studies and were written in a language other than English/French were not included. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. A narrative synthesis of the results was performed for the potential impact of depression on mortality in patients with PC. The reported prevalence of depression in this population ranged from 7.4% to 51.8% (seven studies, n = 142,983), depending on the studies considered. Most of the included studies (seven studies, n = 141,728) consistently reported an increased risk of mortality associated with depression, regardless of cancer stage or treatment received. However, the scientific quality of these studies was generally low, with a significant risk of bias. These results suggest that better integration of depression management in the care of patients with PC could potentially improve clinical outcomes in this high-risk population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Routine Screening for Distress, Depression and Anxiety in Oncology: Where Are We Now?)

12 pages, 1276 KB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Body Composition on Progression-Free Survival in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated with Ribociclib

by Ahmet Oruç, Mustafa Erol, Özlem Şahin, Melek Karakurt Eryılmaz, Murat Araz and Mehmet Artaç

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 510; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090510 (registering DOI) - 13 Sep 2025

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to determine whether body composition parameters affect progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with hormone receptor positive and HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer treated with ribociclib as first-line therapy. Materials and methods: It was designed as a single-center, retrospective study; [...] Read more.

Purpose: This study aims to determine whether body composition parameters affect progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with hormone receptor positive and HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer treated with ribociclib as first-line therapy. Materials and methods: It was designed as a single-center, retrospective study; therefore, its generalizability is limited. At the start of treatment, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans were performed on patients, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume, SAT and VAT SUV (standardized uptake value) mean, SAT and VAT index, skeletal muscle index (SMI), and skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) were calculated at the L3 vertebra level. The albumin-myosteatosis gauge (AMG) was defined as SMD × albumin. Results: The study included 73 participants. Increased SAT and VAT volumes were associated with worse PFS (23.4 vs. 35.5 months, p: 0.015; 25.4 vs. 33.3 months, p: 0.114). However, in the multivariable cox regression analysis for progression free survival (PFS), an increase in SAT volume [HR 4.96; p: 0.038)] and SAT SUV mean [HR 2.99; p: 0.016)] were identified as independent risk factors. Conclusion: It should be noted that in patients treated with ribociclib, increases in SAT volume and SAT SUV mean are independent risk factors for PFS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Palliative and Supportive Care)

19 pages, 1681 KB

Open AccessReview

Critical Review of Hearing Rehabilitation in Pediatric Oncology: Specific Considerations and Barriers

by Guillaume Courbon, Laurie Lugnier, Johnnie K. Bass, Thomas E. Merchant, Thierry Morlet and Celine Richard

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 509; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090509 (registering DOI) - 13 Sep 2025

Abstract

Childhood cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and combined modalities, pose significant risks to auditory function due to their ototoxic effects. Cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used in pediatric oncology, causes dose-dependent irreversible sensorineural hearing loss by damaging the inner ear structures, primarily [...] Read more.

Childhood cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and combined modalities, pose significant risks to auditory function due to their ototoxic effects. Cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used in pediatric oncology, causes dose-dependent irreversible sensorineural hearing loss by damaging the inner ear structures, primarily through the generation of reactive oxygen species and the activation of apoptotic pathways. Radiation therapy exacerbates these effects, contributing to both sensorineural and conductive hearing loss via mechanisms such as vascular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. The severity of hearing loss is influenced by the treatment timing, the cumulative dose, patient age, genetics, and concurrent therapies. The damaging effects of chemotherapy and radiation extend beyond the cochlea, involving the surrounding temporal bone as well as multiple levels of the auditory pathway. While pediatric patients may be candidates for bone-anchored hearing devices or cochlear implants, the need for serial imaging and the potential for implant-related MRI artifacts can complicate the timing of hearing rehabilitation. Moreover, the impact on the subcortical and cortical auditory structures may further influence the rehabilitation outcomes. This scoping review lays the foundation for future clinical and research efforts focused on the development of comprehensive pediatric guidelines for hearing preservation, monitoring, and rehabilitation, while also fostering multidisciplinary collaboration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology)

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14 pages, 289 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sleep Problems and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients

by Andreas Hinz, Michael Friedrich, Thomas Schulte, Mareike Ernst, Ana N. Tibubos, Katja Petrowski and Nadja Dornhöfer

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 508; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090508 (registering DOI) - 12 Sep 2025

Abstract

Background: Sleep problems are frequently observed in breast cancer patients. However, the relationship between sleep quality and overall quality of life (QoL) and the specificity of different sleep-related questionnaires have not yet been adequately studied in breast cancer patients. Methods: The sample of [...] Read more.

Background: Sleep problems are frequently observed in breast cancer patients. However, the relationship between sleep quality and overall quality of life (QoL) and the specificity of different sleep-related questionnaires have not yet been adequately studied in breast cancer patients. Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 533 breast cancer patients, recruited in a German rehabilitation clinic, with a mean age of 52.3 years (SD = 12.5 years). The following three sleep-related questionnaires were used: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS). In addition, we used the QoL instrument EORTC QLQ-C30. Results: Sleep quality was poor in this sample of breast cancer patients. The effect sizes d, indicating the difference in sleep quality between the patient sample and the general population, were between 0.97 and 1.76 (p < 0.001). QoL was impaired in all components (p < 0.001); the impairment in the dimension of sleep quality (d = 1.70) was among the highest. Sleep quality was correlated with all components of QoL. The comparison of the three sleep-related questionnaires showed that the results obtained in oncological studies partly depend on the instrument used. Conclusion: As the burden of sleep problems is high, screening for sleep problems in breast cancer patients is important. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)

12 pages, 938 KB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical and Molecular Profiling of Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Cohort Study of BRAF-Mutated Cases from a Tertiary Centre

by Julia Freckelton, Justin Mencel, Iris Levink, Sheela Rao, Charlotte Fribbens, Paula Proszek, Damian Brooks, Xin Liu, David Cunningham, Ian Chau and Naureen Starling

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090507 - 12 Sep 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Increasingly, identification of BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer is used to guide management and predict cancer behaviour. There is, however, still significant diversity within this cohort of patients, both in terms of clinical phenotype and treatment outcomes. This may be explained, at [...] Read more.

Introduction: Increasingly, identification of BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer is used to guide management and predict cancer behaviour. There is, however, still significant diversity within this cohort of patients, both in terms of clinical phenotype and treatment outcomes. This may be explained, at least in part, by differences between classes of BRAF mutations and the presence of concomitant mutations. Methods: We present a retrospective cohort study of sequential patients diagnosed with BRAF-mutated (V600 and non-V600) colorectal cancer between 2014 and 2022. Information regarding presentation, treatment outcomes and molecular subtype was identified using the electronic medical record. Results: This study included 406 patients with BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer, 253 (228 ^V600BRAF) of whom had localised disease and 153 (137 ^V600BRAF) with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. In patients with localised disease at diagnosis, the ^V600BRAF mutation was associated with older median age (73 vs. 63 years, p = 0.04) and a higher prevalence of right-sided primary (73% vs. 40%, p < 0.01), mismatch repair deficiency (56% vs. 8%, p < 0.01), and faster time to disease relapse (p = 0.006). In the metastatic setting, ^non-V600BRAF mutation was associated with a higher prevalence of KRAS mutation (27% vs. 1%, p < 0.01), NRAS mutation (14% vs. 3%, p = 0.04) and PIK3CA mutation (33% vs. 8%, p = 0.02). Mismatch repair deficiency was more common in patients with ^V600BRAF mutations than in those with ^non-V600BRAF mutations (20% vs. 0%, p = 0.01). The median survival of patients with the ^V600BRAF mutation was 14 months, and 34 months in those with ^non-V600BRAF mutations. Concomitant RNF43 mutation in metastatic disease, was associated with a significantly higher incidence of disease control from combined BRAF and EGFR inhibition, when compared to those without an RNF43 mutation (100% vs. 54%, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Presentation and outcomes of BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer are heterogenous. The type of BRAF mutation, and the presence of concomitant RNF43 mutation, may explain some of the differences in cancer behaviour. Routine reporting of RNF43 mutations would assist clinicians to give more personalised treatment recommendations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)

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11 pages, 3622 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Dissociation Between Tumor Response and PTTM Progression During Entrectinib Therapy in NTRK Fusion-Positive Colon Cancer

by Hideki Nagano, Shigekazu Ohyama, Atsushi Sato, Jun Igarashi, Tomoko Yamamoto and Mikiko Kobayashi

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090506 - 11 Sep 2025

Abstract

We report a rare case of pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) in a patient with metastatic neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) fusion-positive transverse colon cancer who exhibited a marked radiologic and biochemical response to entrectinib. Despite significant tumor shrinkage, progressive dyspnea and hypoxemia [...] Read more.

We report a rare case of pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) in a patient with metastatic neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) fusion-positive transverse colon cancer who exhibited a marked radiologic and biochemical response to entrectinib. Despite significant tumor shrinkage, progressive dyspnea and hypoxemia developed approximately four weeks after therapy initiation. Chest CT revealed diffuse interstitial infiltrates, initially interpreted as drug-induced pneumonitis or infection. Entrectinib was discontinued, but respiratory failure progressed, and the patient died shortly thereafter. Autopsy revealed widespread pulmonary microangiopathy with fibrocellular intimal proliferation and tumor emboli in small pulmonary arteries, consistent with PTTM. Notably, no hematogenous metastases were identified; instead, tumor spread appeared to occur via an atypical lymphatic route through the thoracic duct. The tumor exhibited microsatellite stability and a modest mutation burden, suggesting that lymphatic dissemination and microvascular pathology may progress independently of these genomic features. This case underscores a critical dissociation between oncologic response and vascular complications, indicating that tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor monotherapy may be insufficient to prevent PTTM. Comprehensive management may require concurrent strategies targeting the pulmonary microvasculature, including antiangiogenic therapy and modulation of cytokine and growth factor signaling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Surgical Oncology)

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16 pages, 286 KB

Open AccessArticle

Participants’ Perceptions of Advantages and Drawbacks of “Drop-In” Versus “Closed-Group” Formats Related to Cancer Bereavement Program Delivery

by Yoojung Kim and Carmen G. Loiselle

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 505; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090505 - 10 Sep 2025

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Abstract

Having opportunities to readily access bereavement support for people affected by the death of a loved one is central to any comprehensive approach to cancer care. Hope & Cope, a community-based cancer support organization in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, offers professional- and volunteer-led [...] Read more.

Having opportunities to readily access bereavement support for people affected by the death of a loved one is central to any comprehensive approach to cancer care. Hope & Cope, a community-based cancer support organization in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, offers professional- and volunteer-led bereavement programs in two formats: “drop-in” (open as needed) and “closed-group” (structured). This qualitative study explored contributions and potential drawbacks of these two-program delivery formats as reported by bereaved participants (N = 18). Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted according to groups: Drop-in (n = 7) and closed-group (n = 11). Audio-recorded interviews (lasting between 30 and 60 min) were transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three themes were revealed: (1) Program structure according to grief timeline, (2) Flexibility in the choice of topics and impact on grief experiences, (3) Grief support dynamics in relation to group composition. Findings indicate that drop-in provided “as-needed” tailored support, whereas closed-groups ensured consistency in attendance. Some drawbacks included high attendance turnover in the drop-in and less relevant topics in the structured closed format. Supportive interventions should continue to be tailored to people’s profiles and preferences, not only for content but also for delivery formats. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Reviews in Section "Oncology Nursing")

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13 pages, 792 KB

Open AccessArticle

Ten-Year Real-World Outcomes and Clinicopathologic Predictors of Recurrence in Adult Granulosa Cell Tumors: A Turkish Single-Center Experience

by Aslı Geçgel, Oğuzcan Özcan, Pınar Peker, Gürdeniz Serin, Burçak Karaca Yayla, Erdem Göker and Ulus Ali Şanlı

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 504; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090504 - 10 Sep 2025

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Abstract

Adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCT) are rare ovarian neoplasms with typically indolent behavior but potential for late recurrence. This study aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes and identify clinicopathological predictors of disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with AGCTs. This retrospective cohort study included patients [...] Read more.

Adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCT) are rare ovarian neoplasms with typically indolent behavior but potential for late recurrence. This study aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes and identify clinicopathological predictors of disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with AGCTs. This retrospective cohort study included patients with histologically confirmed AGCTs who were treated or followed at Ege University Faculty of Medicine between January 2012 and 2023. Survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression methods. Among 55 patients with a median follow-up of 113.7 months, the median DFS was 92.3 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was 113.7 months. The 5-year DFS and OS rates were 84.5% and 93.9%, respectively. Recurrence occurred in 23.6% of patients and was significantly linked to advanced FIGO stage, atypical endometrial pathology, and bleomycin–etoposide–cisplatin (BEP)/etoposide–cisplatin (EP)-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Larger tumor size (>10 cm) and stage III disease were also associated with shorter DFS. Univariate analysis showed that stage III disease (HR 7.14, p = 0.006) and tumor size >10 cm (HR 3.59, p = 0.025) were associated with significantly shorter DFS, while absence of endometrial pathology was protective (HR 0.34, p = 0.022). In multivariate analysis, stage III disease remained the only independent predictor of recurrence (HR 4.45, p = 0.046). Advanced-stage disease is an independent predictor of recurrence and should be considered a high-risk feature requiring prolonged follow-up. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gynecologic Oncology)

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13 pages, 736 KB

Open AccessArticle

Single-Center Real World Study of Everolimus and Exemestane in HR+/HER2− Metastatic Breast Cancer Following CDK4/6 Inhibitor Therapy

by Yunus Emre Altıntaş, Oğuzcan Kınıkoğlu, Deniz Işık, Aziz Batu, Ayberk Bayramgil, Büşra Niğdelioğlu, Uğur Özkerim, Sıla Öksüz, Heves Sürmeli, Nedim Turan and Hatice Odabaş

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 503; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090503 - 10 Sep 2025

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Abstract

Background: Hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2− negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is the most common subtype of advanced breast cancer. Resistance to endocrine therapy often develops, particularly after CDK4/6 inhibitors. Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, may restore hormone sensitivity, but real-world data after CDK4/6 and [...] Read more.

Background: Hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2− negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is the most common subtype of advanced breast cancer. Resistance to endocrine therapy often develops, particularly after CDK4/6 inhibitors. Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, may restore hormone sensitivity, but real-world data after CDK4/6 and chemotherapy are limited. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 70 patients with HR+/HER2− MBC who progressed on CDK4/6 inhibitors and at least one line of chemotherapy. All received daily oral everolimus (10 mg) plus exemestane (25 mg). Tumor response was assessed via RECIST v1.1, and survival outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: Median progression-free survival was 6.6 months and overall survival was 22.6 months. The disease control rate was 88.6%, with 57.1% showing partial response. Fatigue (20%), skin toxicity (8.6%), and stomatitis (5.7%) were the most common adverse events. No grade 3–4 toxicities or discontinuations occurred. No clinical or pathological variables significantly influenced survival. Conclusions: Everolimus plus exemestane provided meaningful clinical benefit and manageable toxicity in heavily pretreated HR+/HER2− MBC patients. This regimen remains a valid later-line option, particularly in settings with limited access to newer targeted therapies or genomic testing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)

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17 pages, 276 KB

Open AccessArticle

Social Networks of Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Rohini R. Datta, Bojana Petrovic, Argerie Tsimicalis, A. Fuchsia Howard, Emily K. Drake, Sheila N. Garland, Karine Chalifour, Norma M. D’Agostino, Abha A. Gupta and Jacqueline L. Bender

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090502 - 9 Sep 2025

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Abstract

A cancer diagnosis disrupts the social networks of adolescents and young adults (AYAs), impacting their overall health and wellbeing. This cross-sectional study examined the social network integration (SNI; size and frequency of contact) of AYAs with cancer in Canada. A survey was distributed [...] Read more.

A cancer diagnosis disrupts the social networks of adolescents and young adults (AYAs), impacting their overall health and wellbeing. This cross-sectional study examined the social network integration (SNI; size and frequency of contact) of AYAs with cancer in Canada. A survey was distributed to AYAs with cancer at an urban cancer centre and across Canada (n = 334). SNI was measured with the Berkman–Syme Social Network Index (SNI) and a modified version accounting for online interactions (SNI+). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with SNI and SNI+. A total of 54.8% and 68% of AYAs with cancer were classified as socially integrated with each measure, respectively. Living with others was associated with greater SNI and SNI+ (SNI OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 1.39, 7.72; SNI+ OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.14, 5.58), and an annual personal income of >CAD 80,000 was associated with greater SNI+ (SNI+ OR = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.09, 7.77). A significant proportion of AYAs with cancer are socially isolated. AYAs with cancer who live alone and whose personal income is less than CAD 80,000 are at a higher risk of social isolation. Digital technology could be leveraged to increase the SNI of AYAs with cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Psychosocial Oncology)

16 pages, 243 KB

Open AccessArticle

‘What Really Goes on in My Cancer Bubble, They Cannot Understand’: Social Functioning Among Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Cancer Patients

by Sophia H. E. Sleeman, Milou J. P. Reuvers, Michaela H. van der Veldt, Eveliene Manten-Horst and Olga Husson

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 501; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090501 - 9 Sep 2025

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Abstract

Cancer during adolescence and young adulthood (AYA; 18–39 years) can disrupt age-related milestones and impair social functioning. Many AYA patients report unmet social support needs and relationship changes, leading to isolation. This mixed-methods study explores social challenges among AYA patients actively seeking support [...] Read more.

Cancer during adolescence and young adulthood (AYA; 18–39 years) can disrupt age-related milestones and impair social functioning. Many AYA patients report unmet social support needs and relationship changes, leading to isolation. This mixed-methods study explores social challenges among AYA patients actively seeking support through a communication tool, the ‘AYA Match app’, supporting communication with loved ones. Upon downloading the app, participants completed questionnaires on social support (MOS-SSS) and social functioning (EORTC CAT) and open-ended questions about social challenges. Eligibility included a first cancer diagnosis at AYA age and fluency in Dutch. The findings show that cancer negatively affected AYA patients’ social functioning. Physical limitations and difficulty relating to peers caused isolation and feelings of loneliness. Some preferred solitude or withheld emotions to protect loved ones. Challenges included forming new relationships, feeling left behind as peers reach milestones, and struggling with a changed life perspective. Participants with children reported less social support. This study highlights the complex social challenges AYA cancer patients face. While support from loved ones is crucial, it may not always be effective. Personalized interventions like peer support, improved family communication, and tailored digital tools are needed to improve social well-being and quality of life in AYAs with cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quality of Life and Follow-Up Care Among AYA Cancer Survivors)

8 pages, 3102 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Primary Retroperitoneal Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma in a Male Patient: A Case Report

by Masayuki Tomioka, Keita Nakane, Koji Iinuma, Kota Kawase, Tomoki Taniguchi, Yuki Tobisawa, Aoi Muto, Tomohiro Kanayama, Tatsuhiko Miyazaki and Takuya Koie

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 500; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090500 - 5 Sep 2025

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Abstract

Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (PRMC) is an uncommon malignant neoplasm with few reported cases, particularly among male patients. Currently, only nine documented cases have been reported worldwide, including the present case. The present case report describes the incidental detection of PRMC in an [...] Read more.

Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (PRMC) is an uncommon malignant neoplasm with few reported cases, particularly among male patients. Currently, only nine documented cases have been reported worldwide, including the present case. The present case report describes the incidental detection of PRMC in an 86-year-old male patient. Despite being offered surgical intervention, the patient initially opted against treatment. Consequently, follow-up imaging examinations were performed for 3 subsequent years. The tumor, initially measuring 31 × 32 × 31 mm, gradually increased to 58 × 60 × 59 mm. Subsequently, the patient underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal tumor resection. Histopathological examination revealed adenocarcinoma characterized by intestinal differentiation. The patient has exhibited no evidence of disease for 1 year postoperatively. The present case is noteworthy, as this disease rarely occurs in men, thereby offering significant potential for educational and scientific contributions. Notably, the patient’s age, longitudinal observation of tumor progression through imaging over a period of 3 years, and complete surgical excision of the tumor are salient features of this case. These findings may prove useful in the diagnosis and treatment strategy for male patients with PRMC. Full article

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18 pages, 742 KB

Open AccessArticle

Survival Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Conjunction with Cranial Radiation for Older Adults with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Synchronous Brain Metastasis

by Ruchira V. Mahashabde, Sajjad A. Bhatti, Bradley C. Martin, Jacob T. Painter, Mausam Patel, Analiz Rodriguez, Jun Ying and Chenghui Li

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 499; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090499 - 5 Sep 2025

Viewed by 468

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) display efficacy in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with brain metastases (BMs) and studies suggest potential synergy with cranial radiation (CR). However, population-based evaluations of optimal time between ICI-CR combinations are limited in the US. Using SEER-Medicare database (2010–2019), [...] Read more.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) display efficacy in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with brain metastases (BMs) and studies suggest potential synergy with cranial radiation (CR). However, population-based evaluations of optimal time between ICI-CR combinations are limited in the US. Using SEER-Medicare database (2010–2019), we analyzed patients aged ≥65 years with NSCLC and BM receiving ICI-CR within 6 months of diagnosis, excluding those receiving targeted therapies. First treatment after diagnosis (ICI or CR) was defined as index treatment; followed by subsequent treatment. Findings were validated using an independent cohort from the TriNetX LIVE™ Platform. Patients were grouped by interval between the end of the index treatment and the start of the subsequent treatment: ≤15 days (n = 117), 16–30 days (n = 42), and >30 days (n = 77). Overall survival (OS) was measured from the start of the subsequent treatment until death, end of insurance coverage, or study end. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated differences between groups. Among 236 patients, median OS was 134 days, 92 days, and 209 days, respectively. No significant OS differences were found across intervals. However, a survival benefit emerged approximately 300 days after follow-up when ICI was administered within 15 days of CR. These findings offer insight into treatment sequencing in NSCLC with BM and support further investigation in larger cohorts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)

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16 pages, 608 KB

Open AccessArticle

Trend and Cancer-Specific Prevalence of Kidney Stones Among US Cancer Survivors, 2007–2020

by Chao Cao, Ruixuan Wang, Xiangren Wang, Mohammad Abufaraj, Thomas Waldhoer, Geoffrey T. Gotto, Shahrokh F. Shariat and Lin Yang

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 498; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090498 - 5 Sep 2025

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Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and cancer-specific patterns of kidney stones among U.S. cancer survivors compared to non-cancer adults. Methods: This was a serial cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiologic analysis of a US nationally representative sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from [...] Read more.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and cancer-specific patterns of kidney stones among U.S. cancer survivors compared to non-cancer adults. Methods: This was a serial cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiologic analysis of a US nationally representative sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2020. Weighted prevalence of kidney stones was estimated for both non-cancer adults and cancer survivors by study cycle. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine factors associated with higher probability of kidney stones in both non-cancer adults and cancer survivors. Results: From 2007–2008 to 2017–2020, kidney stone prevalence rose in both non-cancer adults (8.5% to 9.2%, p for trend = 0.013) and cancer survivors (13.1% to 17.3%, p for trend = 0.033). Throughout the study period, prevalence was consistently higher in cancer survivors. The overall prevalence from 2007 to 2020 was 15.8% (95% CI: 14.0–17.5%) in cancer survivors and 9.2% (95% CI: 8.8–9.6%) in non-cancer adults. After adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health factors, cancer survivors had higher odds of kidney stones (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.10–1.49). Compared with non-cancer adults, survivors of ovarian (OR = 3.71, 95% CI: 1.77–7.78), kidney (OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.46–5.68), bone and soft tissue (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.12–7.30), uterine (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.17–3.22), cervix (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.08–2.61) and prostate (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.06–1.87) cancers were statistically more likely to report kidney stones. The prevalence was numerically highest among survivors of kidney cancer (34.7%), followed by bone and soft tissue (29.9%), ovarian (29.8%), and testicular (26.3%) cancers. Conclusions: The higher prevalence of kidney stones in cancer survivors, with substantial variation by cancer type, highlights the urgent need for effective clinical management of kidney stones in oncology settings and mechanistic research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)

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12 pages, 518 KB

Open AccessArticle

Dual PET Imaging with [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC and [¹⁸F]FDG to Localize Neuroendocrine Tumors of Unknown Origin

by Ali Zaidi, Pavithraa Ravi, Ingrid Bloise, Sara Harsini, Heather C. Stuart, Hagen F. Kennecke, Ian Alberts, François Bénard, Don Wilson, Patrick Martineau and Jonathan M. Loree

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 497; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090497 - 5 Sep 2025

Viewed by 475

Abstract

Neuroendocrine tumors of unknown primary (CUP-NET) present a diagnostic challenge when conventional imaging fails to localize the primary tumor. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of concurrent [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC and [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT imaging in localizing primary tumors in [...] Read more.

Neuroendocrine tumors of unknown primary (CUP-NET) present a diagnostic challenge when conventional imaging fails to localize the primary tumor. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of concurrent [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC and [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT imaging in localizing primary tumors in patients with histologically confirmed CUP-NET. Thirty-four patients underwent both imaging modalities as part of a prospective imaging protocol after negative conventional imaging or [¹¹¹In]In-octreotide scintigraphy. Primary tumor detection rates were assessed, and imaging characteristics compared between the two modalities. The overall localization rate was 58.9% (20/34). Of these, 90% (18/20) of primary tumors were identified solely by [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT, with the remaining two visualized by both modalities. [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT did not independently localize any primary tumors. Identified primaries were limited to grade 1 (60%) or grade 2 (40%) tumors, predominantly in the small intestine (95%). Among localized cases, 45% (9/20) underwent surgical resection and 15% (3/20) became eligible for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT demonstrated superior detection of metastatic lesions compared to [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT (97.1% vs. 70.6%, p = 0.006). No significant survival differences were observed between patients with localized versus non-localized primaries. These findings support the value of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT for identifying primary tumors in CUP-NET. Further research is warranted to explore the role of [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT in high-grade NETs. Full article

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21 pages, 2159 KB

Open AccessReview

The Interleukin-8-CXCR1/2 Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis

by Christopher Sherry, Neda Dadgar, Zuqiang Liu, Yong Fan, Kunhong Xiao, Ali H. Zaidi, Vera S. Donnenberg, Albert D. Donnenberg, David L. Bartlett and Patrick L. Wagner

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 496; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090496 - 5 Sep 2025

Viewed by 427

Abstract

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a late-stage manifestation of abdominopelvic malignancies with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Unique biochemical mechanisms within the peritoneal cavity play a key role in disease progression and resistance to therapy. Despite current therapies like systemic chemotherapy and cytoreductive [...] Read more.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a late-stage manifestation of abdominopelvic malignancies with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Unique biochemical mechanisms within the peritoneal cavity play a key role in disease progression and resistance to therapy. Despite current therapies like systemic chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery, patients frequently develop severe complications, including bowel obstruction, nutritional decline, and ascites, driving the need to address the pro-tumorigenic niche in the peritoneal cavity. The immune microenvironment in PC is marked by elevated proinflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and IL-8, which skew the response toward innate rather than adaptive immune responses. IL-8 signaling, through its receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2, promotes neutrophil recruitment, chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and immune evasion, making the IL-8/CXCR1/CXCR2 axis a potential therapeutic target in PC. Pre-clinical models provide evidence that IL-8 or CXCR1/CXCR2 blockade may be a valuable therapeutic strategy. IL-8 targeting agents such as monoclonal antibodies (BMS-986253) and small-molecule inhibitors (SX-682, AZD5069, navarixin) have shown efficacy in mitigating tumor growth and improving the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Phase I and II trials have demonstrated encouraging safety profiles and preliminary efficacy when treating multiple abdominopelvic malignancies. In this review, we discuss the influence of the IL-8/CXCR1/CXCR2 axis within the peritoneal immune environment in PC and highlight recent work using IL-8 or CXCR1/CXCR2 blockade as a therapeutic strategy for PC. Continued research into the peritoneal immune microenvironment and the development of targeted therapies are essential for improving the management and prognosis of PC, potentially enhancing antitumor immunity and patient outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)

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9 pages, 674 KB

Open AccessCommunication

CAR-T Access Disparities for Multiple Myeloma in the Midwest: A Social Determinants of Health Perspective

by Michael Weise, Shebli Atrash, Briha Ansari, Muhammad Umair Mushtaq, Joseph McGuirk, Al-Ola Abdallah, Zahra Mahmoudjafari and Nausheen Ahmed

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 495; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090495 - 3 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1150

Abstract

Background: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the most common type of blood cancer among black individuals. CAR-T therapy is crucial, but often inaccessible to many black patients and those from underserved communities. The University of Kansas Health System administers over 100 CAR-T treatments annually [...] Read more.

Background: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the most common type of blood cancer among black individuals. CAR-T therapy is crucial, but often inaccessible to many black patients and those from underserved communities. The University of Kansas Health System administers over 100 CAR-T treatments annually and aims to evaluate barriers to CAR-T therapy access related to the social determinants of health in the Midwest area. Methods: This study examined patients with MM referred for CAR-T therapy from January 2021 to December 2023, assessing how race, socioeconomic status, and insurance influenced eligibility for leukapheresis. Data on income and travel were gathered from the 2022 US Census and analyzed using R software. Results: The study included 271 referrals for MM CAR-T therapy involving 179 patients, with a median age of 66 years (51% male). Demographics: 80% white, 16% black, 2.2% other races, 1.8% Asian, with a median income of $70,644. Nearly half lived more than 30 min from the center (Mainly from Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska). Apheresis rates were similar across racial groups: 54% for whites, 54% for blacks, and 50% for others, while none of the three Asian patients proceeded. Nine patients (5%) could not proceed because of caregiver or insurance barriers, and cell collection rates were comparable regardless of distance (34% vs. 35%). Conclusion: This study showed that black representation in CAR-T access matches local demographics, indicating less disparity among minorities. Unlike national reports, distance, income, and insurance do not significantly affect access, suggesting the need for a national study on the social determinants impacting CAR-T access for multiple myeloma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cell Therapy)

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13 pages, 421 KB

Open AccessArticle

Implementation and Outcomes of a Perioperative Geriatrics Strategy, PRIME, for Older Adults Undergoing Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery

by Gabriella Jacob, Eric K. C. Wong, Rachel Fuh, Tyler R. Chesney and Camilla L. Wong

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 494; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090494 - 3 Sep 2025

Viewed by 730

Abstract

Introduction: The number of older adults living with frailty undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery is increasing. To address the unique needs of the population, a whole pathway perioperative geriatrics strategy—PRIME—was developed to integrate geriatric principles into surgical care. The objective of this study was [...] Read more.

Introduction: The number of older adults living with frailty undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery is increasing. To address the unique needs of the population, a whole pathway perioperative geriatrics strategy—PRIME—was developed to integrate geriatric principles into surgical care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of PRIME using validated structural, process, and outcome quality indicators. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 106 consecutive patients aged 70 years and older who underwent gastrointestinal surgery for cancer or pre-cancerous lesions at a single institution between 1 July 2020 and 5 October 2023. The whole pathway perioperative geriatrics strategy, PRIME, includes preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), collaborative care between surgery, geriatrics, and anesthesia, and post-operative co-management. Implementation was evaluated using validated structural, process, and outcome quality indicators. Results: Most structural indicators (five of eight) were implemented. In terms of process indicators, 96.2% (n = 102) received CGA prior to or within 24 h of admission. Adherence to screening was high: 97.2% for dementia, 96.2% for functional status, and 95.3% for frailty. The median number interventions resulting from CGA was 17 (IQR 14–20). Serious complication, delirium, and functional decline occurred in 19.8%, 27.1%, and 19.8%, respectively. Conclusions: Implementation of a perioperative geriatrics strategy for older adults undergoing gastrointestinal cancer/pre-cancer lesion surgery is feasible, with high adherence to structural and process quality indicators. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Geriatric Oncology: Toward Optimized Cancer Care)

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17 pages, 737 KB

Open AccessReview

Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Current Status of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis

by Dandan Cao and Aiping Zhou

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 493; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090493 - 2 Sep 2025

Viewed by 548

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, with liver metastasis being one of its primary metastatic patterns and a significant cause of death. For most patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastasis, a comprehensive treatment strategy that includes chemotherapy and [...] Read more.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, with liver metastasis being one of its primary metastatic patterns and a significant cause of death. For most patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastasis, a comprehensive treatment strategy that includes chemotherapy and targeted therapy is the primary therapeutic strategy. However, significant breakthroughs in immune therapy for liver metastasis have yet to be achieved. In this article, we summarize the characteristics of the immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer liver metastases and the mechanisms of immune resistance. Additionally, we compile recent clinical trial results on immune combination strategies and biomarker studies and discuss the prospects for applying immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)

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9 pages, 204 KB

Open AccessReview

Nurse Practitioner Care Delivery Models: Meeting the Rapidly Expanding Needs of Cancer Patients

by Tammy O’Rourke, Marcie Smigorowsky, Danielle Moch, Tara Hoffman, Krista Rawson, Teresa Ruston, Julia Beranek, Cindy Railton, Cecilia Joy Kennett, Calvin P. Kruger, Shuang Lu, Nanette Cox-Kennett and Edith Pituskin

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090492 - 2 Sep 2025

Viewed by 585

Abstract

Half of all Canadians will develop cancer at some point in their lifetimes. These rates have increased substantially over the last decade alongside increasing effectiveness and complexity of treatment options. Therefore, the need for patients to receive both an early diagnosis and ongoing [...] Read more.

Half of all Canadians will develop cancer at some point in their lifetimes. These rates have increased substantially over the last decade alongside increasing effectiveness and complexity of treatment options. Therefore, the need for patients to receive both an early diagnosis and ongoing care has never been so important. In Alberta, referrals to oncology specialty care have increased 18% in the last 7 years with no commensurate increase in the number of oncology health care professionals. Challenges with oncologic care access and provider recruitment are not unique to Alberta. In 2004, Cancer Care Alberta, specifically the Cross Cancer Institute (CCI), embarked on an initiative focusing on nurse practitioner (NP) care provision, aiming to address these gaps. The purpose of this article is a description of four distinct NP care models: the Assigned model, Consultative model, Partner model, and Most Responsible Provider (MRP model) significantly contributing to enhanced and expanded cancer care delivery at CCI. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate how NPs can significantly address the rapidly expanding demands for specialist oncology care. This work highlights roles and exemplars of NP care to meet the evolving needs of cancer patients, the multidisciplinary care team and the health system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Reviews in Section "Oncology Nursing")

20 pages, 1290 KB

Open AccessArticle

Insights from a Patient-Centered Lung Cancer Navigation Program in a Low-Resource Community

by Tanyanika Phillips, Anjaney Kothari, Africa Robison, Jeffrey Mark Erfe and Dan J. Raz

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 491; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090491 - 1 Sep 2025

Viewed by 570

Abstract

Barriers to cancer care, including transportation and Internet insecurity, are of special concern in low-resource communities. A patient-centered, telehealth-based, barrier-focused lay navigator program may mitigate such barriers. We share insights from a quality improvement project wherein we developed and delivered a lay navigator [...] Read more.

Barriers to cancer care, including transportation and Internet insecurity, are of special concern in low-resource communities. A patient-centered, telehealth-based, barrier-focused lay navigator program may mitigate such barriers. We share insights from a quality improvement project wherein we developed and delivered a lay navigator program in a low-resource community in the Mojave Desert. We identified 68 patients scheduled for lung cancer detection/management at our institution, 55 of whom completed a barrier assessment, enrolled in the program, and could be evaluated. Participants were predominantly older (76%), White (84%), had a cancer diagnosis at enrollment (69%), and lived in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Thirty-three (60%) patients had ≥1 barrier, the most common being transportation (31%), Internet (24%), and financial (24%) concerns. These barriers were more frequent among patients with a lung cancer diagnosis at enrollment. Crisis-focused and after-hours encounters were more frequently initiated by older and advanced cancer patients. Transportation and Internet concerns were significantly associated with missed appointment rates. While the scope of our findings is limited, the delivery of a telehealth-based, barrier-focused lay lung navigator program in this low-resource setting was feasible. Neighborhood context and barrier resource planning are important for the implementation of similar programs within our institution’s clinical practice network. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)

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19 pages, 324 KB

Open AccessReview

Advances in Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Future Prospects

by Rie Sugimoto, Miho Kurokawa, Yuki Tanaka, Takeshi Senju, Motoyuki Kohjima and Masatake Tanaka

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 490; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090490 - 31 Aug 2025

Viewed by 698

Abstract

The focus of treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has shifted significantly from local therapy to systemic drug therapy. Recently, the efficacy of drug therapy for HCC has made rapid progress. We have transitioned from eras of sorafenib monotherapy and sequential therapy with multiple [...] Read more.

The focus of treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has shifted significantly from local therapy to systemic drug therapy. Recently, the efficacy of drug therapy for HCC has made rapid progress. We have transitioned from eras of sorafenib monotherapy and sequential therapy with multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors that slightly improved patient prognoses, to an era where the introduction of immunotherapy combining atezolizumab and bevacizumab has achieved further improvements in patient prognosis. The availability of highly effective drugs has expanded the range of diseases treatable by drug therapy. Additionally, instead of initiating drug therapy at advanced stages, combining it with local therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization at an earlier stage with the aim of achieving a cure has become possible, improving treatment outcomes further. Currently, the number of regimens available for HCC, including combinations of multiple drugs and local therapies, has increased, leading to numerous clinical trials. Additionally, HCC cases that were previously unresectable are now resectable after drug therapy, necessitating the establishment of a resectability classification system. This review summarizes the current evidence for drug therapy for HCC and discusses future treatment strategies, treatment combinations, and prospects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combined Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma)

14 pages, 1154 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Clinical Characteristics, Treatment, and Prognosis of Lung Cancer in Young Patients in the New Era of Cancer Treatment: A Retrospective and Comprehensive Analysis

by Xiaoyi Feng, Shengjie Li, Siyuan Yu, Yunxin Liu, Zhanxian Peng, Haoran Zhang, Xiaoxing Gao, Xiaoyan Liu, Minjiang Chen, Jing Zhao, Wei Zhong, Yan Xu and Mengzhao Wang

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 489; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090489 - 31 Aug 2025

Viewed by 583

Abstract

Background: This study was aimed to comprehensively investigate the clinical and molecular characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of young patients with lung cancer in the new era of cancer treatment. Methods: Clinical data from patients aged 18 to 45 with lung cancer, treated at [...] Read more.

Background: This study was aimed to comprehensively investigate the clinical and molecular characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of young patients with lung cancer in the new era of cancer treatment. Methods: Clinical data from patients aged 18 to 45 with lung cancer, treated at our hospital from January 2014 through January 2024, were systematically collected and analyzed. Results: This study enrolled a total of 343 patients, with a predominance of females, never-smokers, and those diagnosed at an advanced stage. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histology (72.0%), and rare tumors could also be seen in young patients, such as pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma and pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The mutation rate of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in NSCLC patients were 35.9% (111/309) and 14.2% (44/309), respectively. PD-L1 expression was assessed in 55 patients, with 14 showing high expression (≥50%) and 24 showing negative expression (<1%). The median overall survival (mOS) for the entire cohort was 80.2 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 55.7%. For patients with stage I, II, and III disease, the mOS had not yet been reached, whereas the mOS for stage IV patients was 39.7 months. Targeted therapy, particularly second-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), significantly improved the prognosis of patients with driver gene mutations. Chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy was beneficial for patients with progressive disease or driver gene negativity in NSCLC and was associated with improved OS in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Female, family history of lung cancer, positive driver genes, and first-line use of second-generation ALK-TKIs are independent prognostic factors in young patients with advanced NSCLC. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy in improving outcomes for young patients with lung cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)

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17 pages, 4401 KB

Open AccessArticle

Correlation of TP53 Genetic Alterations with p53 Immunohistochemical Expression and Their Prognostic Significance in DLBCL

by Chen Chen, Zijuan Hu, Min Ren, Longlong Bao, Ran Wei, Tian Tian, Xiaoli Zhu, Qianming Bai, Baohua Yu, Xiaoqiu Li and Xiaoyan Zhou

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090488 - 31 Aug 2025

Viewed by 540

Abstract

TP53 genetic alterations represent a critical molecular feature in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), with well-established associations with aggressive disease behavior and therapeutic resistance. However, significant controversy persists regarding the clinical utility of p53 immunohistochemical (IHC) expression as a surrogate marker. This study [...] Read more.

TP53 genetic alterations represent a critical molecular feature in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), with well-established associations with aggressive disease behavior and therapeutic resistance. However, significant controversy persists regarding the clinical utility of p53 immunohistochemical (IHC) expression as a surrogate marker. This study presents a thorough investigation of TP53 genetic alterations and their correlation with p53 protein expression in 664 cases of DLBCL. Using targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS), we identified TP53 alterations (mutations and/or copy number losses (CNLs)) in 170 cases (25.6%). Among them, 161 cases had mutations. Concurrent analysis of copy number variations (CNVs) in 109 cases revealed TP53 CNLs in 17.4% (19/109), with 68.4% (13/19) of these showing coexisting mutations. Immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 expression in 371 cases demonstrated strong positivity (≥65% cells) in 21% (78/371), complete negativity (<1%) in 5.7% (21/371), and wild-type pattern (1–65%) in 73.3% (272/371) of cases. The p53 IHC laboratory-developed test (LDT) showed 79.2% sensitivity and 91.6% specificity for detecting TP53 alterations overall, though sensitivity varied significantly by mutation type: 86.2% for missense mutations but only 14.3% for nonsense mutations. Clinically, cases with TP53 alterations exhibited more aggressive disease characteristics, including higher ECOG performance scores, increased frequency of B symptoms, and poorer initial treatment responses (complete response rate 68.3% vs. 82.5% in wild-type cases). Most importantly, TP53 genetic alterations, but not p53 protein expression patterns, emerged as an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival. Our findings demonstrate that tNGS effectively identifies most TP53 alterations and complementary CNV analysis enhances detection of copy number losses. The p53 IHC LDT serves as a useful but imperfect screening tool, with high specificity but variable sensitivity depending on mutation types. These results have important implications for molecular diagnostics in DLBCL, supporting the necessity for comprehensive genetic testing rather than reliance on protein expression analysis alone for accurate risk stratification and treatment planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Oncology Biomarkers)

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10 pages, 363 KB

Open AccessArticle

Safety of Combination TARE and SBRT in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review of Literature & Single-Center Case Series

by Bahareh Gholami, Ali Afrasiabi, Andrew M. Moon, Ted K. Yanagihara, Hui Wang, Sandra Gad, Alex Villalobos, David M. Mauro, Hyeon Yu, Johannes L. du Pisanie and Nima Kokabi

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 487; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090487 - 31 Aug 2025

Viewed by 510

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. At the time of diagnosis, many HCC patients are not candidates for surgical resection and are considered for other locoregional therapies, including transarterial radioembolization (TARE) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). To date [...] Read more.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. At the time of diagnosis, many HCC patients are not candidates for surgical resection and are considered for other locoregional therapies, including transarterial radioembolization (TARE) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). To date only a few studies have explored the safety and efficacy of combining TARE and SBRT. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate it. Patients who received both SBRT and TARE from 2016 to 2024 were retrospectively evaluated for treatment-related toxicity based on criteria for adverse events (CTCAE v4.0). Treatment response was evaluated by modified response evaluation criteria for solid tumors (m-RECIST). We identified 12 patients with median age of 66.5 (range: 40, 87) and median follow up of 12 months. The median time between TARE and SBRT was 6.5 months (range: 1.5 to 24). Following the second treatment, ALBI grade remined the same among all patients at 3-month post treatment compared to baseline. Baseline CP was A among all patients and remained unchanged during follow-up and no higher than grade 3 clinical or biochemical toxicity was seen. The objective response rate (ORR) among patients receiving treatment to the same lesion was 100%. The combination treatment was consistent with prior studies in which the combination of TARE and SBRT has been shown to have good local control with few cases of grade 3 toxicity. Our study demonstrates that treatment with TARE and SBRT was safe and effective among our small sample of patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combined Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma)

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26 pages, 2031 KB

Open AccessArticle

Trajectories of Posttraumatic Growth Among Latvian Parents of Children with Cancer: A Mixed Methods Approach

by Inese Lietaviete, Reinis Alksnis and Baiba Martinsone

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 486; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090486 - 30 Aug 2025

Viewed by 749

Abstract

Background: This study explores post-traumatic growth (PTG) among parents of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs), a group often underrepresented in research. Method: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design integrating Bayesian Multilevel Latent Class Analysis and Thematic Analysis was utilized in a longitudinal study involving 58 [...] Read more.

Background: This study explores post-traumatic growth (PTG) among parents of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs), a group often underrepresented in research. Method: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design integrating Bayesian Multilevel Latent Class Analysis and Thematic Analysis was utilized in a longitudinal study involving 58 caregivers (50 mothers, 8 fathers) from the Children’s Clinical University Hospital in Riga. Quantitative data were collected at diagnosis using the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) and Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10). Follow-up assessments post-treatment included the Responses to Stress Questionnaire (RSQ), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Qualitative data were collected through structured interviews. Results: A 2-class model distinguished parents with low PTG from those with moderate to high PTG. Change in values, detachment from trivial stressors, and acceptance of life emerged as key indicators of growth. PTG was not significantly correlated with overall post-traumatic stress symptoms, but engagement coping strategies showed a positive association with PTG and personality traits like extraversion and openness. Conclusions: The mixed methods approach revealed sample-specific PTG elements not reflected in standardized tools. Initial perceptions of the cancer diagnosis shaped psychological outcomes, with PTG facilitated by adaptive coping, self-reflection, support, emotional disclosure, and psychological struggle. This study offers the first insights into PTG among Latvian parents of CCSs, a previously unexplored area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quality of Life and Management of Pediatric Cancer)

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10 pages, 1354 KB

Open AccessBrief Report

Assessing Disparities in Who Accepts an Early Palliative Care Consultation

by Heather Halperin, Philip Akude, Seema King, Patricia Biondo, Aynharan Sinnarajah, Desiree Hao and Jessica Simon

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090485 - 30 Aug 2025

Viewed by 515

Abstract

Early palliative care improves quality of life for patients with life-limiting illnesses, but access is often inequitable. The goal of this study was to assess disparities in early specialist palliative care (SPC) consultation among newly diagnosed stage IV lung cancer patients. All newly [...] Read more.

Early palliative care improves quality of life for patients with life-limiting illnesses, but access is often inequitable. The goal of this study was to assess disparities in early specialist palliative care (SPC) consultation among newly diagnosed stage IV lung cancer patients. All newly diagnosed stage IV lung cancer patients in southern Alberta, Canada (June 2021–March 2022) were offered SPC consultations from a multidisciplinary team, post-oncology visit. A retrospective chart review analyzed demographic factors and consultation outcomes (accepted, ineligible, declined/unreachable), using the Pampalon Deprivation Index and NamSor surname analysis as proxies for equity-related variables. Of 113 patients, 76.2% were eligible for consultation, and 67.4% of those accepted consultation. Older age (>65 years), male sex, and high deprivation were linked to declining SPC (p < 0.05–0.01). Conversely, living alone or with a non-partner increased acceptance (p < 0.05). Age, sex, deprivation, and living situation influenced SPC acceptance. Identifying disparities can guide interventions to improve equitable access. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Palliative and Supportive Care)

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16 pages, 1230 KB

Open AccessReview

The Rethinking Clinical Trials (REaCT) Program: A Pragmatic Research Strategy to Improve Cancer Care for Patients, Caregivers, and Healthcare Systems

by Marie-France Savard, Mark Clemons and Sharon F. McGee

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 484; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090484 - 29 Aug 2025

Viewed by 847

Abstract

Cancer care has become increasingly complex, expensive, and inaccessible, with patients often exposed to increased treatment-related harms for marginal benefits. Pragmatic clinical trials offer a solution by conducting real-world studies that evaluate dose optimization, toxicity, quality of life, and resource utilization. Pragmatic trials [...] Read more.

Cancer care has become increasingly complex, expensive, and inaccessible, with patients often exposed to increased treatment-related harms for marginal benefits. Pragmatic clinical trials offer a solution by conducting real-world studies that evaluate dose optimization, toxicity, quality of life, and resource utilization. Pragmatic trials can also address the efficacy–effectiveness gap: the poorer outcomes and greater toxicity observed in everyday practice compared to those reported in many clinical trials. The Rethinking Clinical Trials (REaCT) program was designed to conduct patient-centered practice-changing research by involving patients, their families, and healthcare providers in the design of inclusive, real-world clinical trials. The REaCT process starts with surveys and systematic reviews to identify knowledge gaps and uses this information to design pragmatic clinical trials that address these deficits. Since 2014, the program has conducted 17 patient and 17 healthcare provider surveys with 2298 and 1033 responses, respectively. With these results, the program has performed 22 systematic reviews. These surveys and systematic reviews have resulted in 19 completed and 8 ongoing REaCT clinical trials that have recruited over 5000 patients from across Canada. Here, we present some of the practice-changing research conducted by the REaCT program and address challenges facing the growth of pragmatic research. Full article

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9 pages, 205 KB

Open AccessArticle

Real-World Selection of Patients for Allogeneic HCT at a Single Centre: Lack of a Suitable Donor and Other Reasons for Not Proceeding

by Madeline Monaghan, An Duong, Kalina Abrol, Trang Doan, Carolina Cieniak, Harold Atkins, Natasha Kekre, Ashish Masurekar, Ram Vasudevan Nampoothiri, Santhosh Thyagu, Christopher N. Bredeson, Michael Kennah and David S. Allan

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(9), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32090483 - 29 Aug 2025

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Abstract

The reasons why patients cannot proceed with HCT, including cases where no suitable donor is identified, remain poorly described. We reviewed all referrals for allogeneic HCT to our programme between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2023. Of 880 patients referred for allogeneic [...] Read more.

The reasons why patients cannot proceed with HCT, including cases where no suitable donor is identified, remain poorly described. We reviewed all referrals for allogeneic HCT to our programme between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2023. Of 880 patients referred for allogeneic HCT, 494 (61.8%) proceeded to transplant (mean 52 ± 14.8 years, 61.5% male) using HLA-matched unrelated (64.2%) or related (19.4%) donors and HLA-mismatched (13%) or haploidentical (3%) donors. Of patients that did not proceed with HCT (386, 38.2%), disease-related causes (54.2%), patient preference (15.8%), and significant patient comorbidity (11.4%) were the most common reasons. Eleven patients (2.9% of transplants that did not proceed; 1.3% of all referrals) lacked a suitable donor and had HLA phenotypes most associated with Caucasian (six patients, 55%), First Nations, Inuit or Metis (two patients, 18%), Black African, Caribbean or African American (one patient, 9%), Asian or Pacific Islander (9%), or unknown ethnicity (one patient, 9%). Very few patients were unable to proceed with transplant due to lack of a suitable donor; however, those cases are overrepresented by non-Caucasian ethnicity relative to the population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cell Therapy)

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Curr. Oncol., Volume 32, Issue 9 (September 2025) – 38 articles

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