Advances in Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer

A special issue of Current Oncology (ISSN 1718-7729). This special issue belongs to the section "Breast Cancer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2025) | Viewed by 4284

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
Interests: immunotherapy; microbiome; targeted therapies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has enabled unprecedented breakthroughs in the treatment of both early and advanced cancers. Although ICIs have rapidly become the standard of care for multiple tumor types, a significant proportion of patients do not respond and many develop serious immune-related toxicities. In triple-negative breast cancer, ICIs in combination with chemotherapy have become the standard of care for both early-stage and advanced disease, leading to substantial improvement in tumor responses and survival. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies are ongoing to identify ways to enhance the clinical efficacy of ICIs in breast cancer and minimize toxicities.

For this Special Issue of Current Oncology, we welcome original research and review articles that provide an overview of the latest advances and future challenges in the use of ICIs in the treatment of breast cancer.

Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Clinical trials of immunotherapy in breast cancer;
  • Immunobiology of breast cancer;
  • Translational models of immunotherapy for breast cancer;
  • Strategies to overcome immunotherapy resistance;
  • Biomarkers for patient selection;
  • Managing immunotherapy toxicities;
  • Real-world data on the clinical efficacy and toxicity of ICIs in breast cancer.

I look forward to receiving your contributions to this Special Issue.

Dr. Rossanna C. Pezo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • immunotherapy
  • immune checkpoint inhibitors
  • breast cancer
  • immunotherapy resistance
  • biomarkers
  • PD-1

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

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12 pages, 605 KiB  
Review
Role of Circulating Tumor DNA in Adapting Immunotherapy Approaches in Breast Cancer
by Sudhir Kumar and Rossanna C. Pezo
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 373; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070373 - 26 Jun 2025
Abstract
Immunotherapy has a defined role in the treatment of both early- and late-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and is under active exploration in human epidermal receptor 2-positive as well as high-risk hormone-receptor-positive subtypes. It is critical to balance the efficacy and toxicity of [...] Read more.
Immunotherapy has a defined role in the treatment of both early- and late-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and is under active exploration in human epidermal receptor 2-positive as well as high-risk hormone-receptor-positive subtypes. It is critical to balance the efficacy and toxicity of immunotherapy while keeping the cost and duration of treatment in check. In addition to the immunohistochemistry testing of PD-L1 expression, which only predicts the efficacy of immunotherapy in metastatic TNBC, there is a lack of biomarkers that are better standardized to predict efficacy and treatment response, detect early relapse, and guide prognosis in breast cancer patients treated with immunotherapy. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a minimally invasive, dynamic, real-time, blood-based biomarker that has shown promising value in the management of solid tumors, including breast cancer. This review discusses the emerging evidence for the potential application of ctDNA to further refine patient-centered care and personalize treatment based on a molecularly defined risk assessment for breast cancer patients treated with immunotherapy-based approaches. We further discuss the challenges and barriers to widespread adoption of this promising tool in the management of breast cancer patients requiring immunotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer)
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31 pages, 1715 KiB  
Review
Breast Cancer and Tumor Microenvironment: The Crucial Role of Immune Cells
by Tânia Moura, Paula Laranjeira, Olga Caramelo, Ana M. Gil and Artur Paiva
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(3), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32030143 - 28 Feb 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2838
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and the second leading cause of death by cancer. Despite recent advances, the mortality rate remains high, underlining the need to develop new therapeutic approaches. The complex interaction between cancer cells and [...] Read more.
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and the second leading cause of death by cancer. Despite recent advances, the mortality rate remains high, underlining the need to develop new therapeutic approaches. The complex interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial in determining tumor progression, therapy response, and patient prognosis. Understanding the role of immune cells in carcinogenesis and tumor progression can help improve targeted therapeutic options, increasing the likelihood of a favorable prognosis. Therefore, this review aims to critically analyze the complex interaction between tumor cells and immune cells, emphasizing the clinical and therapeutic implications. Additionally, we explore advances in immunotherapies, with a focus on immune checkpoint inhibitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer)
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Other

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17 pages, 1075 KiB  
Systematic Review
Prognostic Relevance of Inflammatory Cytokines Il-6 and TNF-Alpha in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Jhony A. De La Cruz-Vargas, Henry Gómez, Jesus E. Talavera, Cristhian Gonzales-Rospigliosi, Ariana Alessandra Córdova Salazar and Rafael Pichardo-Rodriguez
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(6), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32060344 - 11 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Although cytokines mediate inflammation and inflammation facilitates cancer progression, few studies have evaluated the association between specific cytokines and the prognostic value of breast cancer. Therefore, this study aims to address the following question: What is the prognostic relevance of serum IL-6 and [...] Read more.
Although cytokines mediate inflammation and inflammation facilitates cancer progression, few studies have evaluated the association between specific cytokines and the prognostic value of breast cancer. Therefore, this study aims to address the following question: What is the prognostic relevance of serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels on overall survival and treatment response in women with breast cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies was conducted. The databases consulted included PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and EMBASE. A total of 1748 articles were identified, of which 10 were included in the review. A significant association was found between elevated levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha with poor overall survival and poor treatment response. The meta-analysis showed an HR of 3.74 (95% CI: 1.84–7.6) for elevated IL-6 with high heterogeneity (I2: 61%; p = 0.07) and an HR of 3.13 (95% CI: 1.57–6.23) for TNF-alpha with low heterogeneity (I2: 0%; p = 0.9). The overall response rate was 75% (95% CI: 31–100%; I2: 92%). In conclusion, IL-6 and TNF-alpha emerge as prognostic inflammatory biomarkers in women with breast cancer and are associated with poor survival and poor treatment response. This study highlights the need to establish an international consensus on cutoff points and standardized determination methods to implement these biomarkers in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer)
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