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Current Oncology
Volume 32
Issue 7
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Curr. Oncol., Volume 32, Issue 7 (July 2025) – 44 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Patients with advanced cancer benefit from palliative care (PC) alongside curative therapy to improve their quality of life. In Ontario, Canada, cancer patients regularly complete the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System—Revised (ESAS-r) at cancer clinic visits, to quantify the severity of nine symptoms. Previous studies show that individual symptom scores can predict acute care use, and a 2023 study found that ESAS-r symptom complexity, a novel algorithm that labels patients as "low", "medium", or "high" complexity based on the number and severity of symptoms, can predict acute care use among cancer patients. Subsequently, we investigated whether this predictive association holds specifically among adult advanced cancer patients already followed by a cancer outpatient PC service. View this paper
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26 pages, 359 KiB  
Review
Old Tools in a New Era: The Continued Relevance of Chemotherapy in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology
by Kathleen Felton, Lucie Lafay-Cousin and Sylvia Cheng
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070410 - 20 Jul 2025
Viewed by 329
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy continues to form the backbone of treatment for many pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Advances have been made especially in the molecular underpinning of certain pediatric CNS tumors, allowing for advancement and consideration in incorporating this molecular information in molecular [...] Read more.
Conventional chemotherapy continues to form the backbone of treatment for many pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Advances have been made especially in the molecular underpinning of certain pediatric CNS tumors, allowing for advancement and consideration in incorporating this molecular information in molecular targeted therapy or appropriate de-escalation or escalation of therapy. In very young children with embryonal CNS tumors, intensive high-dose chemotherapy approaches have been used with varied increased survival in medulloblastoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT), and rare embryonal subtypes, but there are certain molecular risk groups that require new therapies, such as the ATRT MYC subtype. Some CNS tumors remain resistant or refractory to conventional chemotherapy, especially in relapsed disease. Strategies to explore combination therapies with chemotherapy, novel agents, and novel approaches are needed to improve survival in this population in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcomes and New Treatments in Pediatric Brain Tumors)
14 pages, 1827 KiB  
Article
Unique Biological Characteristics of Patients with High Gleason Score and Localized/Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer Using an In Silico Translational Approach
by Shiori Miyachi, Masanori Oshi, Takeshi Sasaki, Itaru Endo, Kazuhide Makiyama and Takahiro Inoue
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070409 - 18 Jul 2025
Viewed by 308
Abstract
Gleason score (GS) is one of the best predictors of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness; however, its biological features need to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore the biological characteristics of localized/locally advanced PCa stratified using in silico GS analysis. Biological features were [...] Read more.
Gleason score (GS) is one of the best predictors of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness; however, its biological features need to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore the biological characteristics of localized/locally advanced PCa stratified using in silico GS analysis. Biological features were analyzed using gene set variation analysis and the xCell algorithm with mRNA expression in two independent public databases: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n = 493; radical prostatectomy cohort) and GSE116918 (n = 248; radiation therapy cohort). GS levels were positively correlated with the activity levels of cell proliferation-related gene sets, including E2F targets, the G2M checkpoint, the mitotic spindle, and MYC targets v1 and v2 in both cohorts. Furthermore, GS levels were positively associated with the activity levels of immune-related gene sets and infiltrating fractions of immune cells, including CD4+ memory T cells, dendritic cells, M1 macrophages, and Th2 cells, in both cohorts. Notably, GS levels were positively associated with the score levels of homologous recombination defects, intratumor heterogeneity, fraction genome alteration, neoantigens, and mutation rates in the TCGA cohort. In conclusion, PCa with high GS levels was associated with cancer cell proliferation, immune cell infiltration, and high mutation rates, which may reflect worse clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)
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17 pages, 8443 KiB  
Review
Surgical Management of Desmoid Tumors—Patient Selection, Timing, and Approach
by Catherine Sarre Lazcano and Alessandro Gronchi
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 408; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070408 - 18 Jul 2025
Viewed by 403
Abstract
Desmoid tumors are rare, deep-seated myofibroblastic tumors with an unpredictable course, ranging from spontaneous regression to infiltrative growth and locally aggressive behavior, but without metastatic potential. Over the past few decades, advances in understanding their natural history, underlying molecular pathways, and patient care [...] Read more.
Desmoid tumors are rare, deep-seated myofibroblastic tumors with an unpredictable course, ranging from spontaneous regression to infiltrative growth and locally aggressive behavior, but without metastatic potential. Over the past few decades, advances in understanding their natural history, underlying molecular pathways, and patient care priorities have shifted the treatment paradigm from upfront surgical resection to initial active surveillance, with further treatment dictated by continuous disease progression or associated symptoms. However, there are still specific scenarios where surgery continues to play an important role in locoregional treatment and symptom control. This article will focus on current treatment strategies and surgical indications in adult patients with desmoid tumors, emphasizing patient selection, anatomic site-specific considerations, and surgical technique. Understanding the nuanced role of surgery within the growing treatment landscape is key for individualized patient care in a multidisciplinary setting to optimize quality of life and long-term outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue An In-Depth Review of Desmoid Tumours)
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13 pages, 1293 KiB  
Review
Cervical Cancer Screening Cascade: A Framework for Monitoring Uptake and Retention Along the Screening and Treatment Pathway
by Sara Izadi-Najafabadi, Laurie W. Smith, Anna Gottschlich, Amy Booth, Stuart Peacock and Gina S. Ogilvie
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 407; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070407 - 17 Jul 2025
Viewed by 326
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is a major global health concern, causing approximately 350,000 deaths annually. It is also preventable through effective prevention and early detection. To facilitate elimination, the World Health Organization (WHO) set targets for HPV vaccination, screening, and treatment. Achieving these goals [...] Read more.
Background: Cervical cancer is a major global health concern, causing approximately 350,000 deaths annually. It is also preventable through effective prevention and early detection. To facilitate elimination, the World Health Organization (WHO) set targets for HPV vaccination, screening, and treatment. Achieving these goals requires frameworks to monitor screening program performance. As many regions transition to HPV primary screening, a standardized Cervical Cancer Screening Cascade can track performance, identify gaps in follow-up, and optimize resource allocation. Methods: This paper introduces a structured cascade developed to monitor uptake, retention, and outcomes in HPV-based screening programs. The Cascade was created through collaboration between public health experts, clinicians, and researchers at the University of British Columbia (UBC), the Women’s Health Research Institute, and BC Cancer. Results: The Cascade outlines four phases: screening, triage, detection, and treatment. Each phase includes two substages: “uptake” and “results,” with an additional substage in screening (“invitation”). “Screening” assesses invitation effectiveness and participation. “Triage” tracks follow-up after a positive screen. “Detection” evaluates attendance at diagnostic appointments, and “Treatment” measures the treatment rate for those with precancerous lesions. Conclusions: The Cascade can guide emerging and existing HPV screening programs within Canada and other similarly resourced settings and serve as a benchmark tool for programs to assess their progress towards cervical cancer elimination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gynecologic Oncology)
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20 pages, 345 KiB  
Article
Collecting Data on the Social Determinants of Health to Advance Health Equity in Cancer Care in Canada: Patient and Community Perspectives
by Jacqueline L. Bender, Eryn Tong, Ekaterina An, Zhihui Amy Liu, Gilla K. Shapiro, Jonathan Avery, Alanna Chu, Christian Schulz-Quach, Sarah Hales, Alies Maybee, Ambreen Sayani, Andrew Pinto and Aisha Lofters
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070406 - 16 Jul 2025
Viewed by 478
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer care, disparities persist. The collection of the social determinants of health (SDOH) is fundamental to addressing disparities. However, SDOH are inconsistently collected in many regions of the world. This two-phase multiple methods study examined patient and community perspectives regarding [...] Read more.
Despite advances in cancer care, disparities persist. The collection of the social determinants of health (SDOH) is fundamental to addressing disparities. However, SDOH are inconsistently collected in many regions of the world. This two-phase multiple methods study examined patient and community perspectives regarding SDOH data collection in Canada. In phase 1, a survey was administered to patients at a cancer centre (n = 549) to assess perspectives on an SDOH data collection tool. In phase 2, broader perspectives were sought through a community consultation with patient partners experiencing structural inequality (n = 15). Most participants were comfortable with SDOH data collection. Of survey respondents, 95% were comfortable with the collection of language, birthplace, sex, gender, education, and disability, and 82% to 94% were comfortable with SES, sexual orientation, social support, and race/ethnicity. Discomfort levels did not differ across subgroups, except women were more uncomfortable disclosing SES (OR: 2.00; 95%CI: 1.26, 3.19). Most (71%) preferred face-to-face data collection with a healthcare professional and only half were comfortable with storage of SDOH in electronic health records. Open-ended survey responses (n = 1533) and the community consultation revealed concerns about privacy, discrimination, relevance to care, and data accuracy. SDOH data collection efforts should include a clear rationale for patients, training for providers, strong data privacy and security measures, and actionable strategies to address needs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Disparities and Outcomes in Cancer Survivors)
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10 pages, 1098 KiB  
Article
Pemigatinib in the Real-World Management of Cholangiocarcinoma Through a Canadian Patient Support Program
by Philip Q. Ding, Vincent C. Tam, Ravi Ramjeesingh, Jamil Asselah, Brandon S. Sheffield, Taylor Mitchell, Anne-Julie Gaudreau, Jennifer J. Knox and Winson Y. Cheung
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070405 - 16 Jul 2025
Viewed by 318
Abstract
Background: In September 2021, pemigatinib received Health Canada approval for previously treated locally advanced/metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) with FGFR2 rearrangements/fusions. This retrospective study aimed to characterize the real-world management and outcomes of patients with CCA receiving pemigatinib through a Canadian patient support program (PSP). [...] Read more.
Background: In September 2021, pemigatinib received Health Canada approval for previously treated locally advanced/metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) with FGFR2 rearrangements/fusions. This retrospective study aimed to characterize the real-world management and outcomes of patients with CCA receiving pemigatinib through a Canadian patient support program (PSP). Methods: We evaluated a multi-centre case series of Canadian patients who were prescribed pemigatinib between September 2021 and January 2023 for eligible CCA diagnoses and enrolled in the PSP. The retrospective study data included demographic and disease-, treatment-, and outcome-related information, and these were collected using a survey of prescribing physicians. Results: Of the 26 patients who initiated pemigatinib in the PSP, we received survey responses for 18 (69%). Their median age was 57 years, 67% were female, 61% had stage IV disease, and 83% had intrahepatic CCA. Prior to pemigatinib, a partial hepatectomy was performed in 44% of the patients, and 66% of the patients received 2–4 prior lines of systemic therapy. All patients were treated with platinum-based regimens as the first-line treatment for unresectable/metastatic disease. The median follow-up time on pemigatinib was 12.6 (range: 2.3–28.4) months, and their median real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) was 12.1 months (95% CI 7.2-NR). The physician-assessed objective response and disease control rates were 56% and 89%, respectively. For the nine patients who discontinued pemigatinib, the median treatment duration was 10.6 months (range: 0.8–21.7). Disease progression was the most common reason for discontinuation (89%). None discontinued due to adverse events. Conclusions: Objective response rates, disease control rates, and a PFS comparable to that in the phase 2 FIGHT-202 trial was reported with pemigatinib use in this Canadian PSP cohort. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biliary Tract Cancer Updates: Advancements and Insights)
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19 pages, 1944 KiB  
Article
Differential BACH1 Expression in Basal-like Breast Tumors of Black Women Identified via Immunohistochemistry
by N. M. Dowling, Galina Khramtsova, Olufunmilayo Olopade, Shabnam Samankan, Bok-Soon Lee and Jiyoung Lee
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 404; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070404 - 14 Jul 2025
Viewed by 322
Abstract
BACH1 has been identified as a functional regulator of cancer metastasis and metabolic signaling in breast cancer cells. However, the clinical relevance of BACH1 expression in breast tumors remains poorly understood. Using a tissue microarray from a cohort of 130 patients, we assessed [...] Read more.
BACH1 has been identified as a functional regulator of cancer metastasis and metabolic signaling in breast cancer cells. However, the clinical relevance of BACH1 expression in breast tumors remains poorly understood. Using a tissue microarray from a cohort of 130 patients, we assessed the expression of BACH1 and its known target gene, MCT1 (encoded by SLC16A1), through immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression data were then analyzed in relation to clinical variables, including breast cancer subtypes, tissue types, tumor size and grade, patient racial background, and age group. We found positive associations between BACH1 expression and tumor size, tumor grade, and the basal-like subtype. Importantly, BACH1 expression was significantly higher in tumors from Black women compared to those from White women, as well as in the basal-like subtype of breast tumors from Black women. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between BACH1 and MCT1 IHC scores in tumors from Black women, while a weak association was noted in tumors from White women. Our study provides compelling evidence that BACH1 expression is evident based on the race and subtypes of breast cancer patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic From Basic Research to a Clinical Perspective in Oncology)
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15 pages, 4143 KiB  
Article
MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutations in Lung Cancer: Clinical–Pathological Characteristics and Immune Microenvironment
by Qianqian Xue, Yue Wang, Qiang Zheng, Ziling Huang, Yicong Lin, Yan Jin and Yuan Li
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070403 - 14 Jul 2025
Viewed by 439
Abstract
MET exon 14 skipping mutations have emerged as significant driver alterations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), contributing to tumor progression. This study examines the immune microenvironment in NSCLC patients with these mutations and its prognostic implications. We performed multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining on [...] Read more.
MET exon 14 skipping mutations have emerged as significant driver alterations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), contributing to tumor progression. This study examines the immune microenvironment in NSCLC patients with these mutations and its prognostic implications. We performed multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from nine NSCLC patients, including four recurrent/metastatic and five non-recurrent/non-metastatic patients. Two panels assessed immune cell markers (CD8, CD4, CD20, CD68, and FoxP3) and immune checkpoints (PD-L1, LAG3, and TIM3). Immune cell infiltration and checkpoint expression were analyzed using HALOTM software (version 3.6.4134.464). Nearest neighbor analysis was conducted to assess the proximity of immune cells to tumor cells. Univariate Cox regression analysis assessed factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS). CD8+TIM3+ and CD8+LAG3+ cells were predominantly located in the tumor parenchyma of recurrent/metastatic patients but localized to the stroma in non-recurrent/non-metastatic patients. Non-recurrent/non-metastatic patients exhibited a higher density of tertiary lymphoid structures and closer proximity of CD20+ B cells, CD8+TIM3+, and CD8+LAG3+ cells to tumor cells compared to recurrent/metastatic patients, though the differences were not statistically significant. Cox regression analysis suggested a potential association between higher densities of CD8+TIM3+ cells and improved DFS (HR = 0.89), though these findings did not reach statistical significance. Our findings suggest that differences in immune microenvironmental factors, particularly those related to immune checkpoint expression (TIM3 and LAG3), may influence clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients with MET exon 14 skipping mutations. Further studies are needed to validate these observations and explore potential therapeutic implications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current State of Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer: Focusing on Real-World Evidence)
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26 pages, 1735 KiB  
Perspective
Optimizing Adjuvant Care in Early Breast Cancer: Multidisciplinary Strategies and Innovative Models from Canadian Centers
by Angela Chan, Nancy Nixon, Muna Al-Khaifi, Alain Bestavros, Christine Blyth, Winson Y. Cheung, Caroline Hamm, Thomas Joly-Mischlich, Mita Manna, Tom McFarlane, Laura V. Minard, Sarah Naujokaitis, Christine Peragine, Cindy Railton and Scott Edwards
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 402; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070402 - 14 Jul 2025
Viewed by 580
Abstract
The adjuvant treatment landscape for hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2–) early breast cancer (EBC) is rapidly evolving, with a diverse range of therapeutic options—including endocrine therapies, bisphosphonates, ovarian function suppression, olaparib, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and emerging agents such as [...] Read more.
The adjuvant treatment landscape for hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2–) early breast cancer (EBC) is rapidly evolving, with a diverse range of therapeutic options—including endocrine therapies, bisphosphonates, ovarian function suppression, olaparib, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and emerging agents such as immunotherapy. While these advances have markedly improved patient outcomes, they also introduce challenges related to implementation, monitoring, and resource allocation. Notably, therapies like CDK4/6 inhibitors require particularly close monitoring, creating logistical and capacity challenges for medical oncologists, whose workloads are already stretched due to rising cancer incidence and treatment complexities. These challenges underscore the need for innovative care delivery solutions to ensure patients with EBC continue to receive optimal care. This paper offers a comprehensive guide—a playbook—of multidisciplinary-team-based care models designed to optimize adjuvant treatment delivery in EBC. Drawing on real-world evidence and successful applications across Canadian centers, we explore models led by nurses, nurse practitioners (NPs), general practitioners in oncology (GPO), and pharmacists. Each model leverages the unique expertise of its team to manage treatment toxicities, facilitate adherence, and enhance patient education, thereby promoting effective and sustainable care delivery. Importantly, these models are not intended to compete with one another, but rather to serve as a flexible recipe book from which breast cancer care teams can draw strategies tailored to their local resources and patient needs. By detailing implementation strategies, benefits, and challenges—in many instances supported by quantitative metrics and economic evaluations—this work aims to inspire care teams nationwide to optimize the adjuvant management of patients with HR+, HER2– EBC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)
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11 pages, 986 KiB  
Article
A Matched Case-Control Study Examining the Association Between Exposure to Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Cerebral Meningioma Using an Active Comparator
by Russell Griffin and Rebecca Arend
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 401; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070401 - 13 Jul 2025
Viewed by 364
Abstract
The recent literature has reported an increased association between the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (dMPA) and cerebral meningioma (CM). Prior studies have been limited in generalizability and did not use an active comparator as a control. The current matched case–control study utilized [...] Read more.
The recent literature has reported an increased association between the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (dMPA) and cerebral meningioma (CM). Prior studies have been limited in generalizability and did not use an active comparator as a control. The current matched case–control study utilized a bootstrapped sampling design, matching 241 CM cases with controls (i.e., women diagnosed with non-meningioma brain, breast, or skin tumor, one control per type for three total) on age ± 5 years and diagnosis date ± 3 months. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) compared with an active (norethindrone or levonorgestrel) and non-active control group. Exposure to dMPA at any time point was not associated with the diagnosis of cerebral meningioma (OR 1.75, 95% CI 0.81–4.95). Exposure to dMPA within a year of diagnosis was associated with the diagnosis of CM compared to both an active control (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.13–9.70) and a non-active control (OR 6.90, 95% CI 2.31–17.58). This association was also present for those who were exposed within two years prior when compared to a non-active control (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.50–11.88) but not an active control. Combined with the prior literature, the current results suggest that future research is warranted to understand this association. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Neuro-Oncology)
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13 pages, 3155 KiB  
Article
Effects of Gratitude Journaling on Patients with Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Minjeong You and Eunjung Kim
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 400; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070400 - 12 Jul 2025
Viewed by 473
Abstract
Gratitude journaling is a simple and effective way to improve emotional well-being. However, its impact on people with breast cancer in South Korea has not been clearly understood. This study explored how writing a gratitude journal can help patients with breast cancer feel [...] Read more.
Gratitude journaling is a simple and effective way to improve emotional well-being. However, its impact on people with breast cancer in South Korea has not been clearly understood. This study explored how writing a gratitude journal can help patients with breast cancer feel more grateful, resilient, and satisfied with life. Sixty patients from a university hospital in Jeollanam-do were randomly assigned to either a gratitude journaling group or a control group. The journaling group received guidance and wrote at least ten journal entries over three weeks, with weekly phone check-ins. The control group received no intervention. Before and after the program, the participants completed surveys. The results showed that those who kept gratitude journals had higher levels of gratitude, resilience, and quality of life than those who did not. These findings suggest that gratitude journaling can be a valuable and easy-to-use nursing strategy to support the emotional health of breast cancer patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)
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10 pages, 205 KiB  
Article
Continuity of Cancer Care: Female Participants’ Report of Healthcare Experiences After Conclusion of Primary Treatment
by Mirna Becevic, Garren Powell, Allison B. Anbari and Jane A. McElroy
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070399 - 11 Jul 2025
Viewed by 226
Abstract
Background: Understanding patient perceptions of cancer care is crucial for improving treatment experiences and health outcomes. This study explores female patient-reported experiences with cancer care. Our aim was to identify areas for improvement and enhance patient-centered approaches in specialty and primary care settings. [...] Read more.
Background: Understanding patient perceptions of cancer care is crucial for improving treatment experiences and health outcomes. This study explores female patient-reported experiences with cancer care. Our aim was to identify areas for improvement and enhance patient-centered approaches in specialty and primary care settings. Methods: This was a prospective observational study using ResearchMatch. Our eligibility criteria were 40 years or older adult cancer diagnosis, female, and treated for cancer in the United States. Results: Among the eligible participants (n = 1224), 64 responded to the invitation and 57 completed the survey (89% participation proportion). The majority of the respondents were not receiving treatment during the study period (68%). Of those, 89% completed the recommended treatment, and 10% stopped the treatment before completion. Nearly 80% of respondents saw the same oncologist during the treatment at every appointment, and only 8% reported changing clinicians during their primary cancer treatment. Over 63% of respondents were not seeing the same primary care clinician as they did when they were first diagnosed. Respondents reported facing challenges with employment and ability to return to work (26%), being able to afford medication (21%), and paying medical bills (15%). Discussion: This study, albeit for a small number of participants (n = 57) identified strengths and challenges in cancer care. Consistent oncologist involvement and proximity to care centers was consistently reported during active treatment. Discontinuity with primary care, however, may warrant further inquiry. Reported financial, employment and access issues support previous studies that identified these as major challenges during and after active cancer treatment. Our study underscored the need to enhance patient-centered coordination and support to improve cancer and survivorship care outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Psychosocial Oncology)
18 pages, 290 KiB  
Conference Report
Report from the 26th Annual Western Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference on Hepatocellular and Biliary Tract Cancer, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 17–18 October 2024
by Deepti Ravi, Shahid Ahmed, Blaire Anderson, Brady Anderson, Bryan Brunet, Haji Chalchal, Arun Elangovan, Georgia Geller, Vallerie Gordon, Branawan Gowrishankar, Edward Hardy, Mussawar Iqbal, Duc Le, Richard Lee-Ying, Shazia Mahmood, Karen Mulder, Maged Nashed, Killian Newman, Maurice Ogaick, Vibhay Pareek, Jennifer Rauw, Ralph Wong and Adnan Zaidiadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 398; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070398 - 10 Jul 2025
Viewed by 364
Abstract
The 26th annual Western Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference (WCGCCC) was held in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, on 17–18 October 2024. The WCGCCC is an interactive multidisciplinary conference that was attended by healthcare professionals from across Western Canada (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba) who [...] Read more.
The 26th annual Western Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference (WCGCCC) was held in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, on 17–18 October 2024. The WCGCCC is an interactive multidisciplinary conference that was attended by healthcare professionals from across Western Canada (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba) who are involved in the care of patients with hepatocellular and biliary tract cancers. Specialists from the fields of medical and radiation oncology, interventional radiology, pathology and laboratory medicine, and general and hepatobiliary surgery participated in presentations and discussions for the purpose of developing the recommendations presented here. This consensus statement addresses current issues in the management of hepatocellular and biliary tract cancers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)
17 pages, 269 KiB  
Review
Perioperative Chemo/Immunotherapies in Lung Cancer: A Critical Review on the Value of Perioperative Sequences
by Thoma’ Dario Clementi, Francesca Colonese, Stefania Canova, Maria Ida Abbate, Luca Sala, Francesco Petrella, Gabriele Giuseppe Pagliari and Diego Luigi Cortinovis
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 397; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070397 - 10 Jul 2025
Viewed by 469
Abstract
Resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to pose significant challenges with high recurrence and mortality rates, despite traditional platinum-based chemotherapy yielding only an approximate 5% improvement in 5-year overall survival when administered preoperatively or postoperatively. In recent years, the integration of immune [...] Read more.
Resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to pose significant challenges with high recurrence and mortality rates, despite traditional platinum-based chemotherapy yielding only an approximate 5% improvement in 5-year overall survival when administered preoperatively or postoperatively. In recent years, the integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as nivolumab, durvalumab and pembrolizumab, with platinum-based regimens in the perioperative setting has emerged as a transformative strategy. Our comprehensive review, based on a systematic bibliographic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov, targeting pivotal clinical trials from the past two decades, examines the impact of these neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy approaches on major pathological response rates and overall survival in early-stage NSCLC. Although these perioperative strategies represent a paradigm shift in treatment, promising durable responses are offset by persistent recurrence, emphasizing the necessity for optimized treatment sequencing, duration, and the identification of predictive biomarkers. Collectively, our findings underscore the critical role of the perioperative schema, particularly the neoadjuvant component, which enables the evaluation of novel biomarkers as surrogates for overall survival, in improving patient outcomes and delineating future research directions aimed at reducing mortality and enhancing the quality of life for patients with resectable NSCLC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Current Status of Lung Cancer Surgery)
15 pages, 236 KiB  
Conference Report
Prioritizing the Timely Detection and Diagnosis of Early-Age Onset Cancer to Enable Optimal Disease Management and Outcomes
by Michael J. Raphael, Petra Wildgoose, Darren Brenner, Christine Brezden-Masley, Ronald Burkes, Robert C. Grant, Alexandra Pettit, Cassandra Macaulay, Monika Slovinec D’Angelo and Filomena Servidio-Italiano
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070396 - 10 Jul 2025
Viewed by 498
Abstract
In November 2024, the fourth annual Symposium focusing on early-age onset cancer (EAOC) was hosted by the Colorectal Cancer Resource & Action Network (CCRAN), assembling clinicians, researchers, and patients virtually to discuss challenges in early detection and diagnosis of individuals afflicted with EAOC [...] Read more.
In November 2024, the fourth annual Symposium focusing on early-age onset cancer (EAOC) was hosted by the Colorectal Cancer Resource & Action Network (CCRAN), assembling clinicians, researchers, and patients virtually to discuss challenges in early detection and diagnosis of individuals afflicted with EAOC across tumour types. The meeting addressed the rising rates of EAOC and identified strategies to overcome barriers to timely detection and diagnosis by closing gaps in public and healthcare provider knowledge on symptoms of cancer in younger adults and reducing inequities in standard screening for younger age groups. Discussions also encompassed the various factors that serve as impediments to accessing diagnostic testing and obtaining results, as well as the critical need for access to diagnostics such as comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP), the results of which could be imperative in helping to guide clinical decisions regarding effective and well-tolerated targeted therapies. The Symposium generated key calls to action regarding increasing EAOC education and awareness among primary care providers and the public, re-evaluation of cancer screening programs’ eligibility criteria to include younger populations, and mechanisms to reduce waiting times for diagnostic testing by addressing technologist shortages and improving access to CGP through national collaborative strategies and increased funding. Full article
18 pages, 222 KiB  
Article
Pre-Implementation Assessment of a Sexual Health eClinic in Canadian Oncology Care
by Taylor Incze, Dalia Peres, Steven Guirguis, Sarah E. Neil-Sztramko, Jackie Bender, Dean Elterman, Shabbir M. H. Alibhai, Antonio Finelli, Phil Vu Bach, Emily Belita, Gerald Brock, Julia Brown, Jeffrey Campbell, Trustin Domes, Andrew Feifer, Ryan Flannigan, Celestia Higano, Jesse Ory, Premal Patel, Monita Sundar, Luke Witherspoon and Andrew Matthewadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 395; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070395 - 10 Jul 2025
Viewed by 829
Abstract
Sexual dysfunction is a prevalent and often under-addressed concern among prostate cancer survivors, significantly affecting quality of life for patients and their partners. The True North Sexual Health and Rehabilitation eClinic (SHAReClinic) is a virtual, biopsychosocial intervention developed to improve access to sexual [...] Read more.
Sexual dysfunction is a prevalent and often under-addressed concern among prostate cancer survivors, significantly affecting quality of life for patients and their partners. The True North Sexual Health and Rehabilitation eClinic (SHAReClinic) is a virtual, biopsychosocial intervention developed to improve access to sexual health support for prostate cancer survivors and their partners. This study used a qualitative descriptive design to examine barriers and facilitators influencing the integration of SHAReClinic into oncology care across nine Canadian health care centres. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 knowledge users, including health care providers and institutional leaders. Data were analyzed using a hybrid deductive–inductive thematic approach guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) 2.0. Participants described SHAReClinic as a much-needed resource, particularly in the absence of standardized sexual health pathways in oncology care. The virtual format was seen as accessible and well suited to addressing sensitive topics. However, limited funding, lack of institutional support, and workflow integration challenges emerged as primary barriers to implementation. Findings offer practical, theory-informed guidance for integrating SHAReClinic into oncology care and highlight key considerations for developing sustainable and scalable survivorship care models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)
13 pages, 839 KiB  
Article
Survival Outcomes in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
by Alper Coskun, Ahmet Bilgehan Sahin, Selva Kabul, Muhammed Abdurrahman Celik, Mursel Sali, Ender Eren Ozcelik, Adem Deligonul, Erdem Cubukcu, Meral Kurt, Gursel Savci, Turkkan Evrensel and Ismet Yavascaoğlu
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 394; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070394 - 10 Jul 2025
Viewed by 295
Abstract
Background and Objective: Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common malignancy worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), a rare histological variant, accounts for approximately 2–5% of all BC cases. Compared to urothelial carcinoma, the predominant subtype, research on SqCC remains limited and shows [...] Read more.
Background and Objective: Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common malignancy worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), a rare histological variant, accounts for approximately 2–5% of all BC cases. Compared to urothelial carcinoma, the predominant subtype, research on SqCC remains limited and shows inconsistent findings regarding prognosis. This study aimed to compare survival outcomes between patients with SqCC and those with pure urothelial carcinoma (PUC). Methods: This retrospective, observational study analyzed pathology reports from 2549 transurethral resections of bladder tumors and 632 cystectomies performed at our institution between 1 December 2010 and 31 December 2023. Following pathological re-evaluation, 33 patients with SqCC and 132 with PUC were identified. After 1:3 propensity score matching, 20 patients with SqCC and 58 with PUC were included in the final analysis. Demographic, clinicopathological features, and survival outcomes were compared between groups. Results: The median follow-up was 2.31 years (range: 0.17–13.50). No significant differences in baseline demographic or clinical characteristics were observed, except for the type of surgery. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated no significant differences in disease-free survival (DFS; p = 0.961) or overall survival (OS; p = 0.847) between SqCC and PUC groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified T stage, nodal involvement, and adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) as independent predictors of DFS, while sex and metastasis at diagnosis were significant predictors of OS. Conclusion: Survival outcomes (DFS and OS) did not significantly differ between patients with SqCC and patients with PUC. Prognosis was more closely associated with disease stage at diagnosis, sex, and adjuvant CT. Further large-scale studies are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)
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12 pages, 823 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Prophylactic Hepatoprotective Therapy on Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Cervical Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis Based on Propensity Score Matching
by Zhe Liu, Dongliang Yuan, Jun Chang, Lei Shi, Jingmeng Li, Mei Zhao and Qi Yang
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070393 - 9 Jul 2025
Viewed by 343
Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic hepatoprotective therapy in decreasing the incidence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) among patients with cervical cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The analysis was performed on patients with cervical cancer who received chemotherapy at a tertiary [...] Read more.
This retrospective study aimed to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic hepatoprotective therapy in decreasing the incidence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) among patients with cervical cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The analysis was performed on patients with cervical cancer who received chemotherapy at a tertiary hospital between September 2019 and August 2020. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to equilibrate baseline characteristics between the treatment group, which received prophylactic hepatoprotective drugs, and the control group, which did not receive prophylaxis. The incidence and severity of liver injury were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. Out of the 609 patients initially screened, 299 were included following PSM, with 105 in the treatment group and 194 in the control group. There were no significant differences in the incidence of liver injury (21.90% vs. 18.04%, p = 0.420) or its severity (p = 0.348) observed between the groups. Furthermore, none of the subgroups exhibited a significant reduction in DILI risk with prophylaxis. However, the number of patients experiencing an increase in their grade of liver injury was significantly higher in the treatment group (18.10% vs. 13.40%, p = 0.002), with these patients also exhibiting increased levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) post-chemotherapy (p < 0.05). Hepatoprotective drugs are not associated with a reduced risk of DILI and may in fact increase risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases: Novel Strategies of Diagnosis and Treatments)
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9 pages, 517 KiB  
Perspective
Cancer Immunotherapy: The Role of Nursing in Patient Education, Assessment, Monitoring, and Support
by Parmis Mirzadeh, Edith Pituskin, Ivan Au, Sheri Sneath and Catriona J. Buick
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070392 - 9 Jul 2025
Viewed by 441
Abstract
The prevalence of cancer is rising both in Canada and across the world, with approximately 35 million new cases predicted by 2050. Cancer immunotherapy is a form of treatment that harnesses the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells, increasing life expectancy beyond [...] Read more.
The prevalence of cancer is rising both in Canada and across the world, with approximately 35 million new cases predicted by 2050. Cancer immunotherapy is a form of treatment that harnesses the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells, increasing life expectancy beyond what traditional treatments offer. Immunotherapy may cause immune-related adverse events that differ from the toxicities of traditional treatments. While these events can be detrimental to health, it is critical that they are caught early. This perspective paper examines the evolving role of oncology nurses within the cancer care continuum in caring for patients receiving cancer immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncology nurses provide care in many areas, specifically in educating patients on the early detection of side effects to prevent negative outcomes, assessing and monitoring patient symptoms through a variety of means, including nurse-led clinics, and providing support to patients undergoing therapy. This work helps identify gaps in the literature. Future research is required for advancing cancer immunotherapies and better detecting early signs of side effects for nurses practicing in different settings, ensuring timely care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Reviews in Section "Oncology Nursing")
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16 pages, 3527 KiB  
Article
Treatment-Induced Gene Expression Changes in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Insights from a Syngeneic Mouse Model
by Ko Okabe, Toshiaki Tanaka, Tetsuya Shindo, Yuki Kyoda, Sachiyo Nishida, Kohei Hashimoto, Ko Kobayashi and Naoya Masumori
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 391; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070391 - 8 Jul 2025
Viewed by 440
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the alterations in gene expression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) during disease progression and in response to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors using a syngeneic mouse mRCC model. RENCA cells were orthotopically implanted in BALB/c mice. Mice [...] Read more.
This study aimed to clarify the alterations in gene expression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) during disease progression and in response to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors using a syngeneic mouse mRCC model. RENCA cells were orthotopically implanted in BALB/c mice. Mice received first-line treatment with cabozantinib, anti-PD-1 antibody, or a combination. Tumor progression was monitored using serial micro-computed tomography. Lung metastasis samples were collected, and RNA sequencing was performed. Mice with apparent disease progression received second-line treatment with axitinib, everolimus, or lenvatinib after combination therapy. The median overall survival was 28, 34, 34, and 49 days in untreated mice and those treated with cabozantinib, anti-PD-1, or their combination, respectively (p < 0.05). RNA sequencing revealed upregulation of the fibroblast growth factor pathway in lung metastases after monotherapy, whereas mTOR pathway activation was observed only after combination therapy. Treatment-specific gene expression changes occur in mRCC, suggesting that the optimal target for sequential therapy in mRCC varies depending on prior treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resistance to Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy in Cancer: Understanding the Pathogenesis and Identifying the Best Approaches to Overcome This Challenge)
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10 pages, 2482 KiB  
Article
Trajectories of Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) Within 3 and 6 Months After the Initiation of Chemotherapy Treatment for Advanced Ovarian Cancer and Clinical Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis of Data from a Phase III Clinical Trial
by Chang Yin, Josee-Lyne Ethier, Mark S. Carey, Dongsheng Tu and Xueying Zheng
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 390; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070390 - 7 Jul 2025
Viewed by 447
Abstract
Background: A single measurement or a summary of a limited number of measurements of CA125 was considered in the prediction of clinical outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer. We aimed to identify the classes of patients with advanced ovarian cancer based on their [...] Read more.
Background: A single measurement or a summary of a limited number of measurements of CA125 was considered in the prediction of clinical outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer. We aimed to identify the classes of patients with advanced ovarian cancer based on their CA125 trajectory and to investigate the heterogeneity of clinical outcomes among the patients in the different classes. Methods: CA125 trajectory classes were identified by latent-class mixed models based on values collected within 3 and 6 months post-treatment for 819 women with advanced ovarian cancer enrolled in a randomized trial. Results: Based on their CA125 values during the first 6 months of treatment, the patients with low CA125 levels at baseline that remained low during treatment had the best clinical outcome (a median survival of 83 months and a progression-free survival of 34 months). In contrast, the patients with high CA125 values at baseline with a modest decrease during treatment had the highest risk of death and progression (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 4.83 [3.56, 6.54] for overall survival and 5.15 [3.87, 6.87] for progression-free survival). Conclusions: Longitudinal trajectories of CA125 may provide more direct information for the prognoses of patients with advanced ovarian cancer undergoing chemotherapy treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gynecologic Oncology)
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14 pages, 1881 KiB  
Case Report
HIV Integration into the PTEN Gene and Its Tumor Microenvironment Implications for Lung Cancer
by Davey M. Smith, Elizabeth F. Rowland, Sara Gianella, Sandip Pravin Patel, Stephanie Solso, Cheryl Dullano, Robert Deiss, Daria Wells, Caroline Ignacio, Gemma Caballero, Magali Porrachia, Collin Kieffer and Antoine Chaillon
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 389; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070389 - 4 Jul 2025
Viewed by 399
Abstract
Health outcomes for people with HIV (PWH) have improved significantly with combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), yet the risk of lung cancer remains elevated. While a single case cannot establish causality, we describe here an investigation of a 74-year-old male PWH with de novo [...] Read more.
Health outcomes for people with HIV (PWH) have improved significantly with combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), yet the risk of lung cancer remains elevated. While a single case cannot establish causality, we describe here an investigation of a 74-year-old male PWH with de novo high-grade neuroendocrine small cell lung carcinoma. To investigate the potential contribution of HIV to cancer development, we performed HIV integration site sequencing on blood, tumor, and non-tumor tissue samples from the patient. We analyzed integration site distribution, clonal expansion, and associated gene disruption. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) expression was evaluated using immunofluorescence and microscopy. A total of 174 unique HIV integration sites were identified, with 29.9% (52/174) located in clonally expanded cells. The most frequent integration site in clonally expanded cells was within the PTEN gene, representing 4.2% to 16.7% of all HIV-infected cells across samples. PTEN expression was markedly reduced in tumor regions relative to non-tumor tissue. Areas positive for HIV p24 antigen showed minimal PTEN expression. These findings suggest that HIV integration into the PTEN gene, coupled with clonal expansion of HIV-infected cells, may impair anti-tumor immune responses and promote cancer progression in PWH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)
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14 pages, 524 KiB  
Article
Associations Between Symptom Complexity and Acute Care Utilization Among Adult Advanced Cancer Patients Followed by a Palliative Care Service
by Philip Pranajaya, Vincent Ho, Mengzhu Jiang, Vance Tran and Aynharan Sinnarajah
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070388 - 4 Jul 2025
Viewed by 384
Abstract
Among adult advanced cancer patients already accessing palliative care, symptoms can contribute to unplanned acute care utilizations, which can disrupt care and worsen patient outcomes. We examined how a novel symptom complexity algorithm, using patients’ ratings of the nine Edmonton Symptom Assessment System—Revised [...] Read more.
Among adult advanced cancer patients already accessing palliative care, symptoms can contribute to unplanned acute care utilizations, which can disrupt care and worsen patient outcomes. We examined how a novel symptom complexity algorithm, using patients’ ratings of the nine Edmonton Symptom Assessment System—Revised (ESAS-r) symptoms to assign “low”, “medium”, or “high” complexity, predicts acute care utilizations. This retrospective observational cohort study used electronic medical record data from the Durham Regional Cancer Centre in Ontario, Canada, comprising adult advanced cancer patients who completed at least one ESAS-r report between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2023. We applied chi-squared tests, Kruskal–Wallis H tests, and multivariable binary logistic regressions to evaluate factors associated with higher odds of acute care utilization within seven and fourteen days of patients’ first ESAS-r reports after their first palliative care interaction. Of 559 included patients, 125 (22.4%) exhibited low complexity, 180 (32.2%) exhibited medium complexity, and 254 (45.4%) exhibited high complexity on their first ESAS-r report. In total, 61 (10.9%) patients accessed acute care within seven days and 108 (19.3%) patients accessed acute care within fourteen days of their first ESAS-r report. Controlling for sociodemographic and clinical covariates, compared to low-complexity patients, high-complexity patients had higher odds of acute care utilization within seven days (aOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.18–6.77), but not within fourteen days (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 0.97–3.28). Accordingly, as a clinical decision-making tool, ESAS-r symptom complexity may help identify patients who would benefit from more intensive follow-up and potentially reduce unnecessary acute care utilizations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Palliative Care and Supportive Medicine in Cancer)
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15 pages, 259 KiB  
Review
Predictive Factors of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT) and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients (TNBC)
by Khashayar Yazdanpanah Ardakani, Francesca Fulvia Pepe, Serena Capici, Thoma Dario Clementi and Marina Elena Cazzaniga
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 387; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070387 - 4 Jul 2025
Viewed by 545
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogenous group of breast tumors. This type of breast tumor is relatively difficult to manage, due to the lack of expression of Hormone Receptors (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2). Efforts have been made to [...] Read more.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogenous group of breast tumors. This type of breast tumor is relatively difficult to manage, due to the lack of expression of Hormone Receptors (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2). Efforts have been made to understand the factors involved in determining how a triple-negative breast tumor responds to therapy. The standard of treatment in most cases today is a combined modality of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy with agents such as anti-mitotic (taxanes) or DNA-damaging agents (alkylating agents, cyclophosphamides, platin salts). In this study, we investigated the predictive and prognostic factors for TNBC, in the neoadjuvant setting; understanding each patient’s response before treatment initiation is crucial to guiding the subsequent approach and finally improving patient outcomes. We focused on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes at the site of the primary tumor (TILs), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), the mutational status of protein 53 (p53), and Ki-67, investigating the potential roles of these factors in predicting responses to anti-cancer agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer)
2 pages, 134 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Niscola et al. Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Older Patients: From New Biological Insights to Targeted Therapies. Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31, 6632–6658
by Pasquale Niscola, Valentina Gianfelici, Gianfranco Catalano, Marco Giovannini, Carla Mazzone, Nelida Ines Noguera and Paolo de Fabritiis
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 386; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070386 - 4 Jul 2025
Viewed by 166
Abstract
In the original publication [...] Full article
13 pages, 1047 KiB  
Article
Patients with a Short Distance Between the Prostate and the Rectum Are Appropriate Candidates for Hydrogel Spacer Placement to Prevent Short-Term Rectal Hemorrhage After External-Beam Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer
by Shunsuke Owa, Takeshi Sasaki, Akito Taniguchi, Kazuki Omori, Taketomo Nishikawa, Momoko Kato, Shinichiro Higashi, Yusuke Sugino, Yutaka Toyomasu, Akinori Takada, Kouhei Nishikawa, Yoshihito Nomoto and Takahiro Inoue
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070385 - 3 Jul 2025
Viewed by 347
Abstract
Radiation therapy, including external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy, is curative for localized prostate cancer. Hydrogel spacer (HS) placement between the rectum and prostate is popular for reducing radiation-related complications. Criteria to identify patients who benefit from HS placement would be clinically valuable. [...] Read more.
Radiation therapy, including external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy, is curative for localized prostate cancer. Hydrogel spacer (HS) placement between the rectum and prostate is popular for reducing radiation-related complications. Criteria to identify patients who benefit from HS placement would be clinically valuable. In a retrospective analysis of 430 patients with localized prostate cancer treated between November 2010 and March 2023 with ≥2 years of follow-up, we evaluated the incidence of rectal hemorrhage and its association with the median distance at the midpoint between the prostate and the rectum (mDPR) on pretreatment MRI. Rectal hemorrhage occurred in 6% of HS cases and 18% of non-HS cases (p < 0.001). Among 268 patients who received EBRT (±brachytherapy), the incidence was 9% with HS and 30% without HS (p < 0.001). In non-HS cases, the rate in patients with mDPR ≤ 1.62 mm was higher than in those with mDPR > 1.62 mm (24% vs. 12%, respectively; p = 0.04). In patients with EBRT and mDPR ≤ 1.62 mm, HS significantly reduced hemorrhage (9% vs. 39%, respectively; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified mDPR and HS as independent predictors of rectal hemorrhage (both p = 0.02). Thus, HS placement may be safely omitted in non-EBRT cases with mDPR ≥ 1.62 mm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)
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20 pages, 2585 KiB  
Article
Real-World Retrospective Study of Clinical and Economic Outcomes Among Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with First-Line Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapies in the United States: Results from the IMPACT UC-III Study
by Helen H. Moon, Chiemeka Ike, Ruth W. Dixon, Christopher L. Crowe, Malvika Venkataraman, Valerie Morris, Mairead Kearney, Ivy Tonnu-Mihara and John Barron
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070384 - 2 Jul 2025
Viewed by 505
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study evaluated characteristics, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes in adults with locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC) receiving first-line (1L) systemic treatment with or without avelumab 1L maintenance (1LM) between January 2020 and July 2023. The index date was the first [...] Read more.
This retrospective cohort study evaluated characteristics, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes in adults with locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC) receiving first-line (1L) systemic treatment with or without avelumab 1L maintenance (1LM) between January 2020 and July 2023. The index date was the first date with a claim for 1L systemic therapy after a la/mUC diagnosis. Patients with continuous health plan enrollment for ≥6 months before and ≥1 month after the index date were identified from Carelon Research’s Healthcare Integrated Research Database. Of 2820 patients receiving 1L treatment, 37.0% received platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC); 39.0%, immuno-oncology (IO) monotherapy; and 24.0%, other therapies. Renal disease and other comorbidities influenced 1L regimen choice. Healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs were reported for patients receiving second-line (2L) treatment. HCRU was high in 32.8% of patients (926 of 2820) who received 2L treatment. Median all-cause direct medical costs per patient per month were USD 15,859, USD 19,781, USD 11,346, and USD 9516 for 1L PBC, 1L PBC + avelumab 1LM, 1L IO monotherapy, and 1L other therapies, respectively. Most direct healthcare costs were attributed to all-cause outpatient visits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)
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13 pages, 2611 KiB  
Case Report
Atypical Cystic Primary Hepatic GIST: A Case Report of Rare Presentation and Long-Term Survival
by Mirela Claudia Rimbu, Florin Dan Ungureanu, Cosmin Moldovan, Madalina Elena Toba, Marinela Chirila, Elena Truta and Daniel Cord
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 383; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070383 - 1 Jul 2025
Viewed by 306
Abstract
Primary hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours (PHGISTs) are rare and frequently misdiagnosed due to their atypical presentation and uncertain origin. The purpose of this article is to present the case of a 79-year-old female patient with a gigantic PHGIST characterized by a predominantly cystic [...] Read more.
Primary hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours (PHGISTs) are rare and frequently misdiagnosed due to their atypical presentation and uncertain origin. The purpose of this article is to present the case of a 79-year-old female patient with a gigantic PHGIST characterized by a predominantly cystic nature—an extremely rare presentation, as most cases of PHGIST are solid. Despite extensive imaging and exploratory laparotomy, the primary origin remained uncertain, leading to questioning about whether it was a true primary hepatic GIST or an atypical metastatic lesion. The initial therapeutic approach involved a surgical procedure aimed to confirm the diagnosis and achieve reductive tumourectomy. Following the surgery, the patient was administered imatinib with a favourable clinical response for four and a half years—an atypical pattern of resistance, as most patients typically develop therapeutic resistance within two to three years. A second surgical intervention was performed to address a cystic lesion localized in the left hepatic lobe, followed by an atypical segment III hepatectomy to achieve macroscopic resection. Subsequently, the patient received sunitinib for two and a half years, which resulted in temporary disease stabilization. However, the sunitinib treatment was associated with hypertension and leukopenia. The patient’s overall survival was 8 years, suggesting that individualized therapeutic strategies and close monitoring might be the key in such cases. Furthermore, this case confirms the role of surgical intervention even in advanced disease stages, with multiple major resections contributing significantly to prolonged survival. The interplay between surgical and oncologic therapies remains essential to guiding clinical decisions. Given the unusual cystic presentation, this case highlights the necessity to expand the pathological and molecular profiling of PHGISTs. Furthermore, the atypical timeline of resistance development and treatment-related toxicity emphasizes the importance of further research into the genetic and pharmacological determinants of PHGISTs. These findings advocate for the refinement of diagnostic, therapeutic, and surveillance protocols tailored to rare GIST subtypes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)
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15 pages, 2646 KiB  
Article
Radiation Quality-Dependent Progressive Increase in Oxidative DNA Damage and Intestinal Tumorigenesis in Apc1638N/+ Mice
by Kamendra Kumar, Santosh Kumar, Jerry Angdisen, Kamal Datta, Albert J. Fornace, Jr. and Shubhankar Suman
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 382; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070382 - 1 Jul 2025
Viewed by 363
Abstract
Exposure to high-linear energy transfer (LET) heavy ions, such as 28Si, poses a significant cancer risk for astronauts. While previous studies have linked high-LET radiation exposure to persistent oxidative stress and dysregulated stress responses in intestinal crypt cells with an increased risk [...] Read more.
Exposure to high-linear energy transfer (LET) heavy ions, such as 28Si, poses a significant cancer risk for astronauts. While previous studies have linked high-LET radiation exposure to persistent oxidative stress and dysregulated stress responses in intestinal crypt cells with an increased risk of tumorigenesis, the relationship between IR-induced oxidative DNA damage and intestinal cancer risk remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the time-dependent effects of 28Si-ion radiation on intestinal tumorigenesis and oxidative DNA damage in Apc1638N/+ mice, a model for human intestinal cancer predisposition. Male Apc1638N/+ mice were exposed to 10 cGy of either γ-rays (low-LET) or 28Si-ions (high-LET), and intestinal tumor burden was assessed at 60 and 150 days post-irradiation. While both radiation groups showed modest, non-significant tumor increases at 60 days, 28Si-irradiated mice exhibited an approximately 2.5-fold increase in tumor incidence by 150 days, with a higher incidence of invasive carcinomas compared to γ and sham groups. Serum 8-OxodG levels, a marker of systemic oxidative stress, were significantly elevated in the 28Si-ion group, correlating with increased intestinal 8-OxodG staining. Additionally, assessment of the proliferation marker Cyclin D1 and metaplasia marker Guanylyl Cyclase C (GUCY2C) also revealed significant crypt cell hyperproliferation accompanied by increased metaplasia in 28Si-exposed mouse intestines. Positive correlations between serum 8-OxodG and tumor-associated endpoints provide compelling evidence that exposure to 28Si-ions induces progressive intestinal tumorigenesis through sustained oxidative DNA damage, crypt cell hyperproliferation, and metaplastic transformation. This study provides evidence in support of the radiation quality-dependent progressive increase in systemic and intestinal levels of 8-OxodG during intestinal carcinogenesis. Moreover, the progressive increase in oxidative DNA damage and simultaneous increase in oncogenic events after 28Si exposure also suggest that non-targeted effects might be a significant player in space radiation-induced intestinal cancer development. The correlation between serum 8-OxodG and oncogenic endpoints supports its potential utility as a predictive biomarker of high-LET IR-induced intestinal carcinogenesis, with implications for astronaut health risk monitoring during long-duration space missions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)
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12 pages, 3008 KiB  
Review
A Comparison of Radiation and Alkylator-Based Conditioning Therapy Regimens for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Clinician’s Perspective
by Alejandro Marinos Velarde, Julio Alvarenga Thiebaud, Yazan Madanat and Amir Toor
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070381 - 1 Jul 2025
Viewed by 350
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative option for patients with primary refractory AML, those with relapsed disease and for patients who are in first complete remission where the disease [...] Read more.
Despite significant advancements in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative option for patients with primary refractory AML, those with relapsed disease and for patients who are in first complete remission where the disease has high risk cytogenetic and/or molecular features that increase relapse risk [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Does the Conditioning Regimen Intensity Still Matter?)
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