Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Sensing

A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Chemical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2025) | Viewed by 8504

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00166 Rome, Italy
Interests: sensors/biosensors; electrochemistry; nanomaterials; conducting polymers; smart devices
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted lots of attention due to their peculiar features. Since CNTs were first discovered in the 1990s, they had been the focus of multidisciplinary research areas because of their various, unique physicochemical properties and possible applications in sensing platforms. In addition, CNTs have a large specific surface area, which enables immobilization of a large number of functional units at their surface, making them well suited for a wide variety of challenging applications.

In recent decades, thousands of scientific reports were published on the topic of CNTs-based sensors, suggesting the important role of nanostructured materials in both basic research and the potential industrial application as sensing tools. In this regard, electrochemical methods offer several advantages respect to other techniques, as very sensitive detection, cost-effective instrumentations, fast read-out, and the possibility of miniaturization of instruments to develop point-of-care devices and, consequently, in situ analysis

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect novel electrochemical sensors/biosensors based on CNTs as key sensing element for target analyte monitoring in different research fields. Topics of interest include but are not limited to:

  • Carbon nanotubes; 
  • Biosensors and sensors;
  • Electrochemical techniques;
  • Point-of-care;
  • Smart devices. 

We invite authors to submit manuscripts for this forthcoming Special Issue on Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Sensing. Original research papers and critical reviews are welcome.

Dr. Cristina Tortolini
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • carbon nanotubes
  • biosensors and sensors
  • electrochemical techniques
  • point-of-care
  • smart devices

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2204 KB  
Article
Electrochemical DNA Biosensor for Detection of Hepatitis C Virus Using a 3D Poly-L-Lysine/Carbon Nanotube Film
by Gilvânia M. Santana, Anna P. O. Souza, Erika K. G. Trindade, Stephen R. Benjamin and Rosa Fireman Dutra
Chemosensors 2025, 13(11), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13110379 (registering DOI) - 28 Oct 2025
Abstract
Hepatitis C represents a critical global health crisis, causing approximately 1.4 million deaths annually. Although 98% of cases are treatable, only about 20% of infected individuals know their hepatitis C virus (HCV) status, highlighting the urgent need for rapid and more efficient diagnostic [...] Read more.
Hepatitis C represents a critical global health crisis, causing approximately 1.4 million deaths annually. Although 98% of cases are treatable, only about 20% of infected individuals know their hepatitis C virus (HCV) status, highlighting the urgent need for rapid and more efficient diagnostic management. Viral genetic material can be detected in serum or plasma within just one week of exposure, making it the most reliable marker and the gold standard for active HCV infection diagnosis. In this study, a biosensor was developed to detect conserved nucleotide sequences of HCV using a 3D surface electrode composed of poly-L-lysine (PLL) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). PLL is a positively charged biocompatible polymer rich in amine groups, attractive for the immobilization of proteins, DNA, and other biomolecules. PLL was employed to construct a 3D surface with vertically aligned CNTs, achieving a high electron transfer rate. Cyclic voltammetry technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the sensor platform, and analytical responses were measured by differential pulse voltammetry. This HCV biosensor detected the hybridization event by a significant reduction in DPV peaks in the presence of the ferri/ferrocyanide redox probe, without any intercalator agents. DNA responses were observed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and cDNA-spiked serum samples, demonstrating its analytical specificity. These findings represent advances in analytical tools that can effectively address the challenges of timely diagnosis for asymptomatic HCV carriers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Sensing)
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16 pages, 2760 KB  
Article
Simple Moisture Sensing Element Using Carbon Nanotube Composite Paper
by Takahide Oya, Tadashi Saito, Yuma Morita and Koya Arai
Chemosensors 2025, 13(10), 373; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13100373 - 16 Oct 2025
Viewed by 363
Abstract
We propose a unique moisture sensing element (including humidity sensor) using carbon nanotube (CNT) composite paper. The CNT composite paper is a composite material consisting of CNTs and cellulose paper, which can be easily produced using a method based on the Japanese washi [...] Read more.
We propose a unique moisture sensing element (including humidity sensor) using carbon nanotube (CNT) composite paper. The CNT composite paper is a composite material consisting of CNTs and cellulose paper, which can be easily produced using a method based on the Japanese washi papermaking process. Since this composite paper contains CNTs, it is a conductive paper. In addition, the cellulose fibers that make up the paper are known to show a volume change of up to 35% with humidity. The proposed moisture sensing element uses this volume change and the electrical resistance derived from the CNT network contained in the composite paper. Through various experiments, it was confirmed that the electrical resistance of the CNT composite paper changes in response to moisture of various sizes, such as water droplets and vapors (humidity). It was concluded that these changes were the result of the volume change of paper fibers due to moisture, which greatly affected the structure of the CNT network contained within the composite paper. The results of this study will be useful for the practical application of simple and flexible paper-based moisture sensing elements in the near future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Sensing)
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20 pages, 6058 KB  
Article
Electrochemical Sensor for the Evaluation of Doxorubicin from Novel Pharmaceutical Formulations and Serum
by Alexandra Pusta, Mihaela Tertis, Irina Bura, Diana Bogdan, Maria Suciu, Simona Mirel and Cecilia Cristea
Chemosensors 2024, 12(4), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12040069 - 19 Apr 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2760
Abstract
This study focuses on addressing the challenges associated with doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline chemotherapeutic widely used in cancer treatment. Despite its efficacy, DOX is linked to severe side effects that limit its clinical applications. Novel pharmaceutical formulations aim to mitigate these issues, providing [...] Read more.
This study focuses on addressing the challenges associated with doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline chemotherapeutic widely used in cancer treatment. Despite its efficacy, DOX is linked to severe side effects that limit its clinical applications. Novel pharmaceutical formulations aim to mitigate these issues, providing better safety profiles. The development of these formulations requires analytical methods that can accurately and quickly quantify DOX. A cost-effective and portable electrochemical sensor for DOX detection was developed utilizing in-house printed carbon electrodes decorated with gold nanoparticles. DOX was detected using differential pulse voltammetry. The sensor demonstrated an accurate quantification of DOX from novel pharmaceutical formulations and serum, presenting a dynamic range of 1 to 500 μg/mL and a low detection limit of 0.3 μg/mL. The method, successfully applied to characterize DOX-loaded nanosomes, offers a valuable alternative in the early stages of formulation development, reducing costs and saving time, while maintaining accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Sensing)
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Review

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36 pages, 3836 KB  
Review
Carbon Nanotube-Based Chemical Sensors: Sensing Mechanism, Functionalization and Applications
by Jie Tang, Ruirui Li, Subhan Mahmood, Jiying Li and Shun Yao
Chemosensors 2025, 13(10), 367; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13100367 - 10 Oct 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 883
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have opened new routes in the field of chemical sensing due to their unparalleled electrical conductivity, high surface area, and versatile functionalization capabilities. This review systematically examined the latest advancements in CNT-based chemical sensors, with a focus on their sensing [...] Read more.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have opened new routes in the field of chemical sensing due to their unparalleled electrical conductivity, high surface area, and versatile functionalization capabilities. This review systematically examined the latest advancements in CNT-based chemical sensors, with a focus on their sensing mechanism, functionalization strategies, and applications. A spotlight was cast on the wide-ranging applications of CNT-based chemical sensors, spanning environmental analysis, drug detection, healthcare, food quality control, gases detection, strain sensing, etc. Finally, through a comprehensive SWOT analysis, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and existing threats, along with emerging trends of CNTs in the sensing field, were elucidated. This review systematically summarized the applications of CNTs across six major fields, highlighting more than 60 CNT-based sensing materials. We aim to provide a forward-looking perspective on how CNTs will continue to shape the future of chemical sensing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Sensing)
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68 pages, 2430 KB  
Review
Unlocking the Future: Carbon Nanotubes as Pioneers in Sensing Technologies
by Nargish Parvin, Sang Woo Joo, Jae Hak Jung and Tapas K. Mandal
Chemosensors 2025, 13(7), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13070225 - 21 Jun 2025
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2933
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as pivotal nanomaterials in sensing technologies owing to their unique structural, electrical, and mechanical properties. Their high aspect ratio, exceptional surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and chemical tunability enable superior sensitivity and rapid response in various sensor platforms. [...] Read more.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as pivotal nanomaterials in sensing technologies owing to their unique structural, electrical, and mechanical properties. Their high aspect ratio, exceptional surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and chemical tunability enable superior sensitivity and rapid response in various sensor platforms. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in CNT-based sensors, encompassing both single-walled (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). We discuss their functional roles in diverse sensing applications, including gas sensing, chemical detection, biosensing, and pressure/strain monitoring. Particular emphasis is placed on the mechanisms of sensing, such as changes in electrical conductivity, surface adsorption phenomena, molecular recognition, and piezoresistive effects. Furthermore, we explore strategies for enhancing sensitivity and selectivity through surface functionalization, hybrid material integration, and nanostructuring. The manuscript also covers the challenges of reproducibility, selectivity, and scalability that hinder commercial deployment. In addition, emerging directions such as flexible and wearable CNT-based sensors, and their role in real-time environmental, biomedical, and structural health monitoring systems, are critically analyzed. By outlining both current progress and existing limitations, this review underscores the transformative potential of CNTs in the design of next-generation sensing technologies across interdisciplinary domains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Sensing)
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