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Inorganics
Volume 13
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Inorganics, Volume 13, Issue 8 (August 2025) – 13 articles

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21 pages, 2205 KiB  
Article
Unraveling the Effect of Synthesis Temperature and Metal Doping on the Structural, Optical, and Photocatalytic Properties of g-C3N4 for Enhanced E. coli Photodisinfection and Self-Cleaning Surface Applications
by D. Fabio Mercado, Isabel Cristina Ortega Bedoya, Gloria Cristina Valencia and Ricardo A. Torres-Palma
Inorganics 2025, 13(8), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13080262 - 11 Aug 2025
Abstract
The development of efficient photocatalytic materials for waterborne pathogen inactivation and self-cleaning surfaces in biomedical applications remains a critical challenge due to the rising prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study systematically investigates the structural, optical, and photocatalytic disinfection properties of graphitic carbon nitride [...] Read more.
The development of efficient photocatalytic materials for waterborne pathogen inactivation and self-cleaning surfaces in biomedical applications remains a critical challenge due to the rising prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study systematically investigates the structural, optical, and photocatalytic disinfection properties of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) synthesized at variable temperatures (450–600 °C) and doped with transition metals (Mn, Co, Cu). Through FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, we demonstrate that synthesis temperatures between 450 and 550 °C yield a well-ordered polymeric network with enhanced π-conjugation and charge separation, while 600 °C induces structural degradation. Metal doping with Mn and Co significantly enhances photocatalytic disinfection, achieving complete E. coli inactivation (6-log reduction) within 6 h via optimized reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The best material (g-C3N4 synthesized at 500 °C and doped with Mn) was integrated into sodium alginate hydrogel surfaces, demonstrating reusable self-cleaning functionality with sustained bactericidal activity (5.9-log CFU/mL reduction after five cycles). This work provides a roadmap for tailoring metal-doped g-C3N4 composites for practical antimicrobial applications, emphasizing the interplay between synthesis parameters, ROS dynamics, and real-world performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transition Metal Catalysts: Design, Synthesis and Applications)
13 pages, 4335 KiB  
Article
Mg-Doped O3-Na[Ni0.6Fe0.25Mn0.15]O2 Cathode for Long-Cycle-Life Na-Ion Batteries
by Zebin Song, Hao Zhou, Yin Zhang, Haining Ji, Liping Wang, Xiaobin Niu and Jian Gao
Inorganics 2025, 13(8), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13080261 - 4 Aug 2025
Viewed by 230
Abstract
The O3-type layered oxide materials have the advantage of high specific capacity, which makes them more competitive in the practical application of cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the existing reported O3-type layered oxide materials still have a complex irreversible phase transition [...] Read more.
The O3-type layered oxide materials have the advantage of high specific capacity, which makes them more competitive in the practical application of cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the existing reported O3-type layered oxide materials still have a complex irreversible phase transition phenomenon, and the cycle life of batteries needs, with these materials, to be further improved to meet the requirements. Herein, we performed structural characterization and electrochemical performance tests on O3-NaNi0.6−xFe0.25Mn0.15MgxO2 (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075, denoted as NFM, NFM-2.5Mg, NFM-5.0Mg, and NFM-7.5Mg). The optimized NFM-2.5Mg has the largest sodium layer spacing, which can effectively enhance the transmission rate of sodium ions. Therefore, the reversible specific capacity can reach approximately 148.1 mAh g−1 at 0.2C, and it can even achieve a capacity retention of 85.4% after 100 cycles at 1C, demonstrating excellent cycle stability. Moreover, at a low temperature of 0 °C, it also can keep capacity retention of 86.6% after 150 cycles at 1C. This study provides a view on the cycling performance improvement of sodium-ion layered oxide cathodes with a high theoretical specific capacity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Electrode Chemistry for Next-Generation Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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5 pages, 195 KiB  
Editorial
Functional Inorganic Biomaterials for Molecular Sensing and Biomedical Applications
by Nabanita Saikia
Inorganics 2025, 13(8), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13080260 - 4 Aug 2025
Viewed by 262
Abstract
Inorganic biomaterials comprise a broad array of materials that include metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Inorganic Biomaterials for Molecular Sensing and Biomedical Applications)
27 pages, 747 KiB  
Review
An Insight into the Disease Prognostic Potentials of Nanosensors
by Nandu K. Mohanan, Nandana S. Mohanan, Surya Mol Sukumaran, Thaikatt Madhusudhanan Dhanya, Sneha S. Pillai, Pradeep Kumar Rajan and Saumya S. Pillai
Inorganics 2025, 13(8), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13080259 - 4 Aug 2025
Viewed by 284
Abstract
Growing interest in the future applications of nanotechnology in medicine has led to groundbreaking developments in nanosensors. Nanosensors are excellent platforms that provide reliable solutions for continuous monitoring and real-time detection of clinical targets. Nanosensors have attracted great attention due to their remarkable [...] Read more.
Growing interest in the future applications of nanotechnology in medicine has led to groundbreaking developments in nanosensors. Nanosensors are excellent platforms that provide reliable solutions for continuous monitoring and real-time detection of clinical targets. Nanosensors have attracted great attention due to their remarkable sensitivity, portability, selectivity, and automated data acquisition. The exceptional nanoscale properties of nanomaterials used in the nanosensors boost their sensing potential even at minimal concentrations of analytes present in a clinical sample. Along with applications in diverse sectors, the beneficial aspects of nanosensors have been exploited in healthcare systems to utilize their applications in diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. Hence, in this review, we have presented an overview of the disease-prognostic applications of nanosensors in chronic diseases through a detailed literature analysis. We focused on the advances in various nanosensors in the field of major diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and neurodegenerative diseases along with other prevalent diseases. This review demonstrates various categories of nanosensors with different nanoparticle compositions and detection methods suitable for specific diagnostic applications in clinical settings. The chemical properties of different nanoparticles provide unique characteristics to each nanosensors for their specific applications. This will aid the detection of potential biomarkers or pathological conditions that correlate with the early detection of various diseases. The potential challenges and possible recommendations of the applications of nanosensors for disease diagnosis are also discussed. The consolidated information present in the review will help to better understand the disease-prognostic potentials of nanosensors, which can be utilized to explore new avenues in improved therapeutic interventions and treatment modalities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Bioinorganic Chemistry)
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12 pages, 2532 KiB  
Article
Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance Achieved by Tri-Doping Modification in Prussian Blue Analogs
by Yanhong Ding, Bin Liu, Haiyan Xiang, Fangqi Ren, Tianzi Xu, Jiayi Liu, Haifeng Xu, Hanzhou Ding, Yirong Zhu and Fusheng Liu
Inorganics 2025, 13(8), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13080258 - 2 Aug 2025
Viewed by 253
Abstract
The high cost of hydrogen production is the primary factor limiting the development of the hydrogen energy industry chain. Additionally, due to the inefficiency of hydrogen production by water electrolysis technology, the development of high-performance catalysts is an effective means of producing low-cost [...] Read more.
The high cost of hydrogen production is the primary factor limiting the development of the hydrogen energy industry chain. Additionally, due to the inefficiency of hydrogen production by water electrolysis technology, the development of high-performance catalysts is an effective means of producing low-cost hydrogen. In water electrolysis technology, the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode affects the kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution rate. This study utilizes the liquid phase co-precipitation method to synthesize three types of Prussian blue analog (PBA) electrocatalytic materials: Fe/PBA(Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3), Fe-Mn/PBA((Fe, Mn)3[Fe(CN)6]2·nH2O), and Fe-Mn-Co/PBA((Mn, Co, Fe)3II[FeIII(CN)6]2·nH2O). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses show that Fe-Mn-Co/PBA has a smaller particle size and higher crystallinity, and its grain boundary defects provide more active sites for electrochemical reactions. The electrochemical test shows that Fe-Mn-Co/PBA exhibits the best electrochemical performance. The overpotential of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under 1 M alkaline electrolyte at 10/50 mA·cm−2 is 270/350 mV, with a Tafel slope of 48 mV·dec−1, and stable electrocatalytic activity is maintained at 5 mA·cm−2. All of these are attributed to the synergistic effect of Fe, Mn, and Co metal ions, grain refinement, and the generation of grain boundary defects and internal stresses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Catalysts for Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion)
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12 pages, 3641 KiB  
Article
Metallic Lanthanum (III) Hybrid Magnetic Nanocellulose Composites for Enhanced DNA Capture via Rare-Earth Coordination Chemistry
by Jiayao Yang, Jie Fei, Hongpeng Wang and Ye Li
Inorganics 2025, 13(8), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13080257 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 218
Abstract
Lanthanide rare earth elements possess significant promise for material applications owing to their distinctive optical and magnetic characteristics, as well as their versatile coordination capabilities. This study introduced a lanthanide-functionalized magnetic nanocellulose composite (NNC@Fe3O4@La(OH)3) for effective phosphorus/nitrogen [...] Read more.
Lanthanide rare earth elements possess significant promise for material applications owing to their distinctive optical and magnetic characteristics, as well as their versatile coordination capabilities. This study introduced a lanthanide-functionalized magnetic nanocellulose composite (NNC@Fe3O4@La(OH)3) for effective phosphorus/nitrogen (P/N) ligand separation. The hybrid material employs the adaptable coordination geometry and strong affinity for oxygen of La3+ ions to show enhanced DNA-binding capacity via multi-site coordination with phosphate backbones and bases. This study utilized cellulose as a carrier, which was modified through carboxylation and amination processes employing deep eutectic solvents (DES) and polyethyleneimine. Magnetic nanoparticles and La(OH)3 were subsequently incorporated into the cellulose via in situ growth. NNC@Fe3O4@La(OH)3 showed a specific surface area of 36.2 m2·g−1 and a magnetic saturation intensity of 37 emu/g, facilitating the formation of ligands with accessible La3+ active sites, hence creating mesoporous interfaces that allow for fast separation. NNC@Fe3O4@La(OH)3 showed a significant affinity for DNA, with adsorption capacities reaching 243 mg/g, mostly due to the multistage coordination binding of La3+ to the phosphate groups and bases of DNA. Simultaneously, kinetic experiments indicated that the binding process adhered to a pseudo-secondary kinetic model, predominantly dependent on chemisorption. This study developed a unique rare-earth coordination-driven functional hybrid material, which is highly significant for constructing selective separation platforms for P/N-containing ligands. Full article
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13 pages, 1573 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress of Carbon Dots in Fluorescence Sensing
by Xiao-Tian Lou, Lei Zhan and Bin-Bin Chen
Inorganics 2025, 13(8), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13080256 - 31 Jul 2025
Viewed by 270
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted much attention as new types of luminescent carbon nanomaterials in recent years because of their tunable fluorescence, good biocompatibility, high stability, and low cost. In this review, the classification of CDs is overviewed based on their differences in [...] Read more.
Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted much attention as new types of luminescent carbon nanomaterials in recent years because of their tunable fluorescence, good biocompatibility, high stability, and low cost. In this review, the classification of CDs is overviewed based on their differences in structure. Subsequently, the latest research progress of CDs in fluorescence sensing is systematically summarized and various sensing principles are elucidated in detail, including fluorescence resonance energy transfer, aggregation-induced emission, aggregation-caused quenching, electron transfer, and the inner filter effect. Finally, the challenges and future direction of CD fluorescent probes are discussed in detail. The purpose of this review is to stimulate the design of advanced CD fluorescent probes and achieve the accurate and reliable measurement of analytes in complex samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials, 2nd Edition)
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19 pages, 2722 KiB  
Article
Fluorene-Containing β-Diketonato Ligands and Their Rhodium(I) Complexes—A Characterization and Crystallographic Study
by Frederick Jacobus Francois Jacobs, Siyanda Khoza and Eleanor Fourie
Inorganics 2025, 13(8), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13080255 - 30 Jul 2025
Viewed by 295
Abstract
The highly fluorescent fluorene group is of interest for its unique optical and electronic properties. By incorporating it into a metal complex, these properties are extended to the complex and are useful in a number of different applications. Four β-diketone ligands were synthesized [...] Read more.
The highly fluorescent fluorene group is of interest for its unique optical and electronic properties. By incorporating it into a metal complex, these properties are extended to the complex and are useful in a number of different applications. Four β-diketone ligands were synthesized containing the fluorene-functional group, where the varying substituent on the β-diketone was CF3 (1), PhCF3 (2), Ph (3) and PhCH3 (4). The corresponding cyclooctadiene rhodium(I) complexes of the type [Rh(cod)((fluorene)COCHCOR)], with R = CF3 (5), PhCF3 (6), Ph (7) and PhCH3 (8) were also synthesized. A crystal structure determination of 2 and 6 was performed, highlighting important changes in the ligand structure as a result of metal complexation. The structure of 2 also showed a hydrogen interaction between the hydroxy and carboxyl groups, forming a pseudo six-membered ring that stabilizes the enol form of the compound. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the β-diketones 1–4 showed a reduction wave for the reduction of the β-diketonato backbone between −1500 mV and −2100 mV as measured against ferrocene (FcH). CVs of rhodium(I) complexes 5–8 showed a reduction of the β-diketonato backbone between −1800 and −2000 mV, as well as an oxidation wave for the oxidation of the rhodium(I) metal centre at approximately 300 mV. Full article
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15 pages, 2096 KiB  
Article
A Missing Member of the Anderson–Evans Family: Synthesis and Characterization of the Trimethylolmethane-Capped {MnMo6O24} Cluster
by Andreas Winter, Patrick Endres, Nishi Singh, Nils E. Schlörer, Helmar Görls, Stephan Kupfer and Ulrich S. Schubert
Inorganics 2025, 13(8), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13080254 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 288
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis and structural characterization of the smallest possible member of the family of bis-functionalized {MnMo6O24} Anderson–Evans polyoxometalates (POMs) is reported. The synthesis of the title compound TBA3{[HC(CH2O)3]2 [...] Read more.
In this work, the synthesis and structural characterization of the smallest possible member of the family of bis-functionalized {MnMo6O24} Anderson–Evans polyoxometalates (POMs) is reported. The synthesis of the title compound TBA3{[HC(CH2O)3]2MnMo6O18} (1) was accomplished by using trimethylolmethane as the capping unit (TBA: tetra(n-butyl)ammonium, n-Bu4N+). The molecular structure of the organic–inorganic POM gave rise to yet undisclosed 1H-NMR features, which are discussed thoroughly. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a highly regular 3D packing of the polyoxoanions within a matrix of TBA cations. The hybrid POM is of particular interest regarding potential applications in photocatalysis (i.e., hydrogen evolution) and energy storage. Thus, the electrochemical and thermal properties of 1 are also analyzed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Polyoxometalate Chemistry: Structure, Synthesis, and Applications)
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19 pages, 1941 KiB  
Article
Structural, Quantum Chemical, and Cytotoxicity Analysis of Acetylplatinum(II) Complexes with PASO2 and DAPTA Ligands
by Stefan Richter, Dušan Dimić, Milena R. Kaluđerović, Fabian Mohr and Goran N. Kaluđerović
Inorganics 2025, 13(8), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13080253 - 27 Jul 2025
Viewed by 470
Abstract
The development of novel platinum-based anticancer agents remains a critical objective in medicinal inorganic chemistry, particularly in light of resistance and toxicity limitations associated with cisplatin. In this study, the synthesis, structural characterization, quantum chemical analysis, and cytotoxic evaluation of four new acetylplatinum(II) [...] Read more.
The development of novel platinum-based anticancer agents remains a critical objective in medicinal inorganic chemistry, particularly in light of resistance and toxicity limitations associated with cisplatin. In this study, the synthesis, structural characterization, quantum chemical analysis, and cytotoxic evaluation of four new acetylplatinum(II) complexes (cis-[Pt(COMe)2(PASO2)2], cis-[Pt(COMe)2(DAPTA)2], trans-[Pt(COMe)Cl(DAPTA)2], and trans-[Pt(COMe)Cl(PASO2)]: 1–4, respectively) bearing cage phosphine ligands PASO2 (2-thia-1,3,5-triaza-phosphaadamantane 2,2-dioxide) and DAPTA (3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) are presented. The coordination geometries and NMR spectral features of the cis/trans isomers were elucidated through multinuclear NMR and DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)/LanL2DZ level, with strong agreement between experimental and theoretical data. Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) analysis was applied to investigate bonding interactions and assess the covalent character of Pt–ligand bonds. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against five human cancer cell lines. The PASO2-containing complex in cis-configuration, 1, demonstrated superior activity against thyroid (8505C) and head and neck (A253) cancer cells, with potency surpassing that of cisplatin. The DAPTA complex 2 showed enhanced activity toward ovarian (A2780) cancer cells. These findings highlight the influence of ligand structure and isomerism on biological activity, supporting the rational design of phosphine-based Pt(II) anticancer drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Structural Analysis and Biological Activity of Metal Complexes)
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22 pages, 4411 KiB  
Article
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and In Silico Antiviral Prediction of Novel DyIII-, YIII-, and EuIII-Pyridoxal Helicates
by Francisco Mainardi Martins, Yuri Clemente Andrade Sokolovicz, Morgana Maciél Oliveira, Carlos Serpa, Otávio Augusto Chaves and Davi Fernando Back
Inorganics 2025, 13(8), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13080252 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 483
Abstract
The synthesis and structural characterization of three new triple-stranded helical complexes ([Dy2(L2)3]2Cl∙15H2O (C1), [Y2(L2)3]3(NO3)Cl∙14H2O∙DMSO (C2), and [Eu2(L4) [...] Read more.
The synthesis and structural characterization of three new triple-stranded helical complexes ([Dy2(L2)3]2Cl∙15H2O (C1), [Y2(L2)3]3(NO3)Cl∙14H2O∙DMSO (C2), and [Eu2(L4)3]∙12H2O (C3), where L2 and L4 are ligands derived from pyridoxal hydrochloride and succinic or adipic acid dihydrazides, respectively, were described. The X-ray data, combined with spectroscopic measurements, indicated that L2 and L4 act as bis-tridentate ligands, presenting two tridentate chelating cavities O,N,O to obtain the dinuclear complexes C1–C3. Their antiviral profile was predicted via in silico calculations in terms of interaction with the structural severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein in the down- and up-states and complexed with the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The best affinity energy values (−9.506, −9.348, and −9.170 kJ/mol for C1, C2, and C3, respectively) were obtained for the inorganic complexes docked in the model spike-ACE2, with C1 being suggested as the most promising candidate for a future in vitro validation. The obtained in silico antiviral trend was supported by the prediction of the electronic and physical–chemical properties of the inorganic complexes via the density functional theory (DFT) approach, representing an original and relevant contribution to the bioinorganic and medicinal chemistry fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal-Based Compounds: Relevance for the Biomedical Field, 2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 2384 KiB  
Article
Ultrahigh Water Permeance of a Reduced Graphene Oxide Membrane for Separation of Dyes in Wastewater
by Chengju Wu, Shouyuan Hu, Shoupeng Li, Hangxiang Zhuge, Liuhua Mu, Jie Jiang, Pei Li and Liang Chen
Inorganics 2025, 13(8), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13080251 - 22 Jul 2025
Viewed by 343
Abstract
Membrane separation technology has shown significant potential in the treatment of mixed dye wastewater. In this study, a reduced graphene oxide (AH-rGO) membrane was prepared using an amino-hydrothermal method and applied for the first time in mixed dye separation. These membranes can selectively [...] Read more.
Membrane separation technology has shown significant potential in the treatment of mixed dye wastewater. In this study, a reduced graphene oxide (AH-rGO) membrane was prepared using an amino-hydrothermal method and applied for the first time in mixed dye separation. These membranes can selectively recover high-value dyes while addressing the technical challenges of balancing permeability and selectivity in traditional membrane materials, which are often at odds with each other in the treatment of mixed dye wastewater. We simulated actual dye wastewater using four dyes: methyl orange (MO), methyl blue (MB), rhodamine B (RB), and Victoria Blue B (VBB). The four combinations of mixed dyes were MO/VBB, RB/VBB, MO/MB, and RB/MB, all of which demonstrated high water permeability and separation efficiency. Notably, the MO/VBB combination achieved a maximum water permeability rate of 118.79 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and a separation factor of 24.2. The AH-rGO membrane is currently the highest-permeability membrane available, achieving excellent separation results with typical mixed dye wastewater. Additionally, it demonstrates good stability. The experimental results indicate that the overall performance of the AH-rGO membrane is superior to that ofother graphene oxide (GO) membranes, which reveals the significant application potential of this membrane in the field of mixed dye wastewater treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nanomaterials for Advanced Technology, 2nd Edition)
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40 pages, 2830 KiB  
Review
Metal Complexes with Hydroxyflavones: A Study of Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities
by Ljiljana E. Mihajlović, Monica Trif and Marijana B. Živković
Inorganics 2025, 13(8), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13080250 - 22 Jul 2025
Viewed by 463
Abstract
Metal chelation to bioactive small molecules is a well-established strategy to enhance the biological activity of the resulting complexes. Among the widely explored structural motifs, the combination of prominent metal centers with naturally inspired derivatives has attracted considerable attention. One such promising platform [...] Read more.
Metal chelation to bioactive small molecules is a well-established strategy to enhance the biological activity of the resulting complexes. Among the widely explored structural motifs, the combination of prominent metal centers with naturally inspired derivatives has attracted considerable attention. One such promising platform is the flavone scaffold, derived from flavonoids and studied since ancient times. Flavones are plant-derived compounds known for their diverse biological activities and health benefits. They exhibit significant structural variability, primarily through backbone modifications such as hydroxylation. Importantly, coordination of metal ions to hydroxylated flavone cores often improves their natural bioactivities, including anticancer and antimicrobial effects. In this review, we summarize transition metal complexes incorporating hydroxyflavone (OH–F) ligands reported over the past 15 years. We provide a concise overview of synthetic approaches and structural characterization, with a particular emphasis on coordination modes (e.g., maltol-type, acetylacetonate-type, catechol-type, and others). Furthermore, we discuss biological evaluation results, especially anticancer and antimicrobial studies, to highlight the therapeutic potential of these complexes. Finally, we suggest directions for the future development of metal-based agents bearing hydroxyflavone moieties through several critical points in terms of the accuracy, reproducibility, and relevance of biological studies involving metal-based compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes Containing Bioactive Ligands: Structure and Biological Evaluation)
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