- Opinion
The Neurohormonal Overactivity Syndrome in Heart Failure
- Andrew Xanthopoulos,
- John Skoularigis and
- Filippos Triposkiadis
Heart failure (HF) is categorized arbitrarily based on the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in HF with reduced (HFrEF; LVEF < 40%), mildly reduced (HFmrEF; LVEF 40–49%), or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; LVEF ≥ 50%). In this...

