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939 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,009 Views
18 Pages

13 February 2022

The urbanization in China is “incomplete” and the migration of non-hukou migrants is circular, wherein rural migrants often keep their rural land in the home village as a social safety net. The informal housing market is one of the main h...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,136 Views
23 Pages

17 August 2025

Rural–urban student migration during the compulsory education stage is a transitional phenomenon in China’s socio-economic development and a crucial issue for achieving the goal of urban–rural integration. This paper, grounded in th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,083 Views
13 Pages

23 November 2021

Recent policies in China have encouraged rural-urban circular migration and an “amphibious” and flexible status of settlement, reacting against the recent risks of economic fluctuation in cities. Rural land, as a form of insurance and wel...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
4,762 Views
20 Pages

Network Patterns of Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration in China Based on Baidu Migration Data

  • Zhenkai Yang,
  • Yixin Hua,
  • Yibing Cao,
  • Xinke Zhao and
  • Minjie Chen

As a new product of the Internet and big data era, migration data are of great significance for the revealing of the complex dynamic network patterns of urban agglomerations and for studying the relations between cities by using the “space of f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,476 Views
22 Pages

The relationship between health and migration has always been an important theme in immigration research. This research develops a new approach to test the healthy migrant hypothesis and the salmon bias hypothesis in China by examining an interaction...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
11,516 Views
21 Pages

16 August 2016

The demography of cities in the 21st century will be shaped, to a large extent, by migration. This paper argues that the rights-based approach to urban policy advocated in the preparatory work of Habitat III, the UN Conference on Housing and Sustaina...

  • Article
  • Open Access
532 Views
17 Pages

22 December 2025

Rural-to-urban migration is most prevalent in developing countries and has been a key driver of urban growth since the onset of industrialization. Initially beneficial, this migration trend has become unsustainable due to its rapid and uncontrolled r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
7,304 Views
17 Pages

Migration, Rural–Urban Connectivity, and Food Remittances in Kenya

  • Elizabeth Opiyo Onyango,
  • Jonathan Crush and
  • Samuel Owuor

This paper draws on data from a representative city-wide household food security survey of Nairobi conducted in 2017 to examine the importance of food remitting to households in contemporary Nairobi. The first section of the paper provides an overvie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,451 Views
20 Pages

Europe has experienced a growing divergence in trends of population change across the urban hierarchy. A key driver of this divergence is internal migration, which underpins the efficient functioning of the economy by enhancing labor market flexibili...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,567 Views
17 Pages

12 May 2025

One of the main reasons for migration is the search for a better quality of life. The concept of quality of life is very broad, encompassing economic, social, political, and cultural factors. According to the World Migration Report 2022, 3.6 percent...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,885 Views
18 Pages

12 October 2023

Population constitutes the foundational element of cities, and population migration drives the transfer of production factors among urban areas. The population migration network serves as an objective representation of intercity interactions, bearing...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
6,011 Views
26 Pages

Distance-Dependent Migration Intention of Villagers: Comparative Study of Peri-Urban and Remote Villages in Indonesia

  • Ar. Rohman T. Hidayat,
  • Kenichiro Onitsuka,
  • Corinthias P. M. Sianipar and
  • Satoshi Hoshino

Rural-to-urban migration disturbs essential factors of rural development, including labor forces, land ownership, and food production. To avoid late responses to emigration, scholars have begun investigating earlier stages of rural emigration. Howeve...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,644 Views
15 Pages

In China, return migrants’ rural–urban migration experience and its impact on agricultural production have attracted increasing attention. Using the random survey data of 1122 rice farmers from the Yangtze River Basin in 2016, this study utilizes the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
9,256 Views
14 Pages

Does Rural–Urban Migration Improve Employment Quality and Household Welfare? Evidence from Pakistan

  • Umar Mukhtar,
  • Zhangbao Zhong,
  • Beihai Tian,
  • Amar Razzaq,
  • Muhammad Asad ur Rehman Naseer and
  • Tayyaba Hina

19 November 2018

Urban migration unlocks new employment opportunities for rural dwellers in a productive manner. This study assessed the quality of employment of migrant workers, and its effect on rural households’ welfare. To this end, we used primary data col...

  • Article
  • Open Access
87 Citations
8,626 Views
15 Pages

Rural-Urban Migration and its Effect on Land Transfer in Rural China

  • Dingde Xu,
  • Zhuolin Yong,
  • Xin Deng,
  • Linmei Zhuang and
  • Chen Qing

11 March 2020

Labor force rural-urban migration will lead to changes to the land use patterns of farmers. Using the survey data on dynamic migration of the Chinese labor force in 2014, iv-probit and iv-tobit models were used to analyze the impact of labor migratio...

  • Concept Paper
  • Open Access
44 Citations
19,618 Views
16 Pages

25 June 2019

Informal settlements i.e., slums emerge from the interplay of multidimensional factors related to urbanization and sustainability. While the contribution of urban factors is well understood, the role of external drivers, such as uncontrolled migratio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,080 Views
21 Pages

28 February 2018

China’s rapid urbanization has aroused substantial attention all over the world. Though there exists a strong connection between urban system and intercity migration, an overall prediction of China’s urban population of all cities based on migration...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,270 Views
18 Pages

26 July 2021

Rural-to-urban migration contributes to the economic and social sustainability of sending communities. The aim of this study was to obtain quantitative evidence supporting the theoretical argument that (i) rural-to-urban migrants contribute to the su...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,563 Views
12 Pages

20 February 2023

The forced migration of nearly 6 million Venezuelans is a global issue that is transforming urban contexts, particularly in Latin America. Ecuador is the third main recipient country of displaced Venezuelans. The lack of State migration policies and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
40 Citations
5,227 Views
19 Pages

21 August 2020

Through the construction of a population flow and migration relationship matrix, this paper analyzes population flow and migration in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration during the Spring Festival travel rush and daily period. This paper also...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,894 Views
22 Pages

Rapid urbanization with poor city planning has resulted in severe air pollution in urban areas of low- and middle-income countries. Given the adverse impacts of air pollution, citizens may develop ideation of averting behaviors, including migration t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,834 Views
18 Pages

10 August 2024

There has recently been discussion regarding how heritage rural areas are culturally affected by recent urban-to-rural migration. However, little research has been conducted on the form this process takes in post-communist contexts. Taking a geograph...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,459 Views
27 Pages

6 July 2023

China’s urbanisation process is unique compared to that of other developed economies in that while the rural population is migrating to the cities in large numbers, the area of rural homestead use also continues to increase. This research uses...

  • Review
  • Open Access
19 Citations
7,083 Views
13 Pages

The Influence of the Urban Environment on Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focus on Air Pollution and Migration—A Narrative Review

  • Giulia Menculini,
  • Francesco Bernardini,
  • Luigi Attademo,
  • Pierfrancesco Maria Balducci,
  • Tiziana Sciarma,
  • Patrizia Moretti and
  • Alfonso Tortorella

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a crisis worldwide, due to both its public health impact and socio-economic consequences. Mental health was consistently affected by the pandemic, with the emergence of newly diagnosed psychiatr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,558 Views
32 Pages

30 August 2025

Urban-to-rural migration is reshaping vernacular villages through transformations in both architectural form and everyday life. This study focuses on three villages in Zhejiang Province, China, and their migrants from urban areas, investigating&mdash...

  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
6,327 Views
19 Pages

Farmers are the major participants in rural development process and their willingness to settle in urban areas directly affects the implementation of rural revitalization strategy. Based on Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development (IAD)...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,680 Views
14 Pages

Background: China is undergoing an unprecedented rural-urban migration, which may deeply influence the health of internal migrants. Previous studies suggested that migrants are a selectively healthier population. This paper examines the evidence for...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,518 Views
12 Pages

Rural-urban migration in developing countries has required left-behind women to assume the role of key decision makers and take increasing responsibility for agricultural production. However, little is known about the effect of rural-urban migration...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,766 Views
18 Pages

Exploring the Inter-Monthly Dynamic Patterns of Chinese Urban Spatial Interaction Networks Based on Baidu Migration Data

  • Heping Jiang,
  • Shijia Luo,
  • Jiahui Qin,
  • Ruihua Liu,
  • Disheng Yi,
  • Yusi Liu and
  • Jing Zhang

The rapid development of the economy promotes the increasing of interactions between cities and forms complex networks. Many scholars have explored the structural characteristics of urban spatial interaction networks in China and have conducted spati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,841 Views
22 Pages

30 September 2023

COVID-19 has resulted in a great inconvenience and has had a severe impact on the economy and residents’ daily life in China and even the world. Urban resilience, as the key representation of social and economic stability, can directly reflect...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,557 Views
12 Pages

4 June 2024

This study evaluates the impact of urban migration on the mental health of young women, focusing specifically on how objective life stressors, perceived neighborhood safety, and subjective socioeconomic status influence depression. Depression is the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
18,894 Views
17 Pages

6 September 2020

Using a population dataset of China, this study analyzes the spatial pattern of rural migration and urbanization and their coupling coordination relationship and investigates the causes of their spatial heterogeneity. Results show that rural migratio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
5,151 Views
15 Pages

Rural–Urban Migration and Conservation Drive the Ecosystem Services Improvement in China Karst: A Case Study of HuanJiang County, Guangxi

  • Xiangkun Qi,
  • Qian Li,
  • Yuemin Yue,
  • Chujie Liao,
  • Lu Zhai,
  • Xuemei Zhang,
  • Kelin Wang,
  • Chunhua Zhang,
  • Mingyang Zhang and
  • Ying Xiong

5 February 2021

Under the transformation from over-cultivation to ecological protection in China’s karst, how human activities affect ecosystem services should be studied. This study combined satellite imagery and ecosystem models (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (C...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,373 Views
22 Pages

As urbanization accelerates in China, more and more rural elders are moving to cities to live with their children. However, they face challenges in overcoming cultural, social, and economic disparities and maintaining health in urban life, and health...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
10,334 Views
16 Pages

Exploring the Factors of Farmers’ Rural–Urban Migration Decisions in Bangladesh

  • Abdullah Al-Maruf,
  • A. K. M. Kanak Pervez,
  • Pradip Kumar Sarker,
  • Md Saifur Rahman and
  • Jorge Ruiz-Menjivar

In Bangladesh, rural–urban migration is widespread. Many earlier studies discussed the factors, patterns, causes, and consequences and the socio-economic and environmental impact of migration from the general perspective. However, rural–u...

  • Article
  • Open Access
779 Views
21 Pages

Does the Inflow of Rural-to-Urban Migration Increase Firms’ Productivity?

  • Mengzhen Wang,
  • Zhennan Xie,
  • Zihao Huang,
  • Jiang Hu and
  • Baekryul Choi

23 October 2025

Our study examines whether the inflow of rural-to-urban migration increases the productivity of manufacturing firms in China, using cross-sectional data from the 2005 China 1% Population Survey and the Annual Survey of Industrial Firms. The analysis...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,844 Views
14 Pages

As China’s urbanization process deepens, more and more residents of small and medium-sized cities are moving to large cities, and the number of left-behind children is increasing. In this paper, using data from the China Education Panel Survey...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
9,518 Views
18 Pages

4 April 2018

Women who migrate within national borders in Africa have been largely ignored in contemporary conversations about migration. This is partly due to the fact that internal migration, and in particular, rural–urban migration, has been viewed in a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,141 Views
16 Pages

22 November 2024

In recent years, with the further advancement of China’s urbanization process and the continued expansion of its migrants, increasing attention has been directed toward migrants’ intentions to settle and their integration into host cities...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,790 Views
17 Pages

23 October 2020

Return migrants play an increasingly important role in agricultural production in China and other developing countries. However, the effect of rural–urban migration experience on farmers’ arable land use remains unclear. This study aims t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,706 Views
16 Pages

8 April 2022

Urban street shadows can provide essential information for many applications, such as the assessment and protection of ecology and environment, livability evaluation, etc. In this research, we propose an effective and rapid method to quantify the diu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
4,815 Views
15 Pages

6 March 2023

Based on the practical requirements of China’s urban–rural integrated development, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to analyze the impact of agricultural labor migration on the urban–rural dual economic structur...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
4,653 Views
12 Pages

16 April 2020

This paper analyzed urban network and regions in China using a complex network model. Data of daily migration among 348 prefectural-level cities from the Baidu Map location-based service (LBS) Open Platform were used to calculate urban network metric...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
7,679 Views
25 Pages

Environmental and Economic Factors of Migration from Urban to Rural Areas: Evidence from Poland

  • Romuald Jończy,
  • Przemysław Śleszyński,
  • Alicja Dolińska,
  • Michał Ptak,
  • Justyna Rokitowska-Malcher and
  • Diana Rokita-Poskart

15 December 2021

The net migration rate is highly diversified and noticeable chiefly in municipalities directly adjacent to large cities. This trend is still maintained in Poland and is now becoming even more visible than previously. Most of the studies conducted to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,495 Views
18 Pages

Migration of Rural Residents to Urban Areas Drives Grassland Vegetation Increase in China’s Loess Plateau

  • Jian-Zhou Wei,
  • Kai Zheng,
  • Feng Zhang,
  • Chao Fang,
  • Yu-Yu Zhou,
  • Xue-Cao Li,
  • Feng-Min Li and
  • Jian-Sheng Ye

28 November 2019

Human activities are critical factors influencing ecosystem sustainability. However, knowledge on regarding the mechanisms underlying the response of vegetation dynamics to human activities remains limited. To detect the driving factors and their ind...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,731 Views
21 Pages

Social Sensing of the Imbalance of Urban and Regional Development in China Through the Population Migration Network around Spring Festival

  • Ruoxin Zhu,
  • Diao Lin,
  • Yujing Wang,
  • Michael Jendryke,
  • Rui Xin,
  • Jian Yang,
  • Jianzhong Guo and
  • Liqiu Meng

23 April 2020

Regional development differences are a universal problem in the economic development process of countries around the world. In recent decades, China has experienced rapid urban development since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy....

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
18,600 Views
14 Pages

5 September 2018

With increasingly high housing prices, the urban housing problem has changed from an economic issue to a livelihood issue in China. Taking 32 major cities in China as an example, this paper employed data from 2007 to 2016 to build a panel data model...

  • Article
  • Open Access
59 Citations
6,807 Views
20 Pages

For a long time, the majority of China, which has the world’s largest population, has been immobile and lived in rural areas. However, over recent decades, with the economic rise of China, rural labor has demonstrated a trend of moving to rapid...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,760 Views
14 Pages

27 June 2024

Internal rural-urban migration is becoming a priority in social research. However, no one has systematically studied the intentions of farmers to migrate internally to Bangladesh to seek permanent urban residence via paid employment yet. This paper d...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,893 Views
14 Pages

16 April 2023

Housing costs, including rent, have become a significant economic burden for millions of floating population families in urban China, affecting their living standards and influencing migration decision-making. Using data from the China Migrants Dynam...

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