Autophagy is a catabolic process that is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis. It is also known to possess other functions including protein trafficking and anti-microbial activities. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is known to co-opt cellular auto...
Fungi are an important group of microorganisms that play crucial roles in a variety of ecological and biotechnological processes. Fungi depend on intracellular protein trafficking, which involves moving proteins from their site of synthesis to the fi...
Post-translational modifications of proteins are essential for cell function. Covalent modification by SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) plays a role in multiple cell processes, including transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair, protein loca...
The Ras-superfamily of small G proteins is a family of GTP hydrolases that is regulated by GTP/GDP binding states. One member of the Ras-superfamily, Rab, is involved in the regulation of vesicle trafficking, which is critical to endocytosis, biosynt...
One promising frontier within the field of Medical Botany is the study of the bioactivity of plant metabolites on human health. Although plant metabolites are metabolic byproducts that commonly regulate ecological interactions and biochemical process...
Rosa canina L. is a natural polyphenol-rich medicinal plant that exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Recent in vivo studies have demonstrated that a methanol extract of Rosa canina L. (RCME) has reversed an inflammatory bowel disea...
Sperm differentiation encompasses a complex sequence of morphological changes that takes place in the seminiferous epithelium. In this process, haploid round spermatids undergo substantial structural and functional alterations, resulting in highly po...
Retroviruses exploit nuclear trafficking machinery at several distinct stages in their replication cycles. In this review, we will focus primarily on nucleocytoplasmic trafficking events that occur after the completion of reverse transcription and pr...
Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that are important for neuronal development, neuronal survival and neuronal functions. Neurotrophins exert their role by binding to their receptors, the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases (TrkA, TrkB, and T...
Vacuoles are one of the most prominent organelles in plant cells, and they play various important roles, such as degradation of waste materials, storage of ions and metabolites, and maintaining turgor. During the past two decades, numerous advances h...
Unlike animals, plants are unable to escape unfavorable conditions, such as extremities of temperature. Among abiotic variables, the temperature is notableas it affects plants from the molecular to the organismal level. Because of global warming, und...
Transmembrane channel-like (TMC) proteins are essential for hearing and balance; however, the molecular mechanisms that regulate their proper folding and membrane targeting remain poorly understood. Here, we establish Caenorhabditis elegans as a gene...
Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) trafficking to the plasma membrane and endocytosis plays a crucial role in pattern triggered immunity (PTI). Dynamin-related proteins (DRPs) participate in endocytosis and recycling. In Arabidopsis, DRP1 and DRP2 ar...
Following translocation into the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secretory proteins undergo a series of folding, maturation, compartmentalization and trafficking events. These are finely tuned to avoid misfolded protein accumulation and the consequ...
To get access to the replication site, small non-enveloped DNA viruses have to cross the cell membrane using a limited number of capsid proteins, which also protect the viral genome in the extracellular environment. Most of DNA viruses have to reach...
A brain-enriched multi-domain scaffolding protein, neurobeachin has been identified as a candidate gene for autism patients. Mutations in the synaptic adhesion protein cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) are also associated with autism spectrum disorder...
Growing evidence indicates that small extracellular vesicles, called exosomes, are prominent mediators of neurodegenerative diseases such as prion, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Exosomes contain neurodegenerative disease associated proteins su...
Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification of proteins; it mediates their correct folding and stability, as well as their transport through the secretory transport. Changes in N- and O-linked glycans have been associated with mu...
The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a central role in the regulation of cellular metabolism. Recent studies reveal a novel role for AMPK in the regulation of glucose and other carbohydrates flux by controlling the endocy...
Mutations in PDE6D impair the function of its cognate protein, phosphodiesterase 6D (PDE6D), in prenylated protein trafficking towards the ciliary membrane, causing the human ciliopathy Joubert Syndrome (JBTS22) and retinal degeneration in mice. In t...
Hendra virus (HeV) is a highly pathogenic member of the Henipavirus genus (family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales), for which all basic replication processes are located in the cytoplasm. The HeV matrix (M) protein plays essential roles in vir...
The in-frame internal tandem duplication (ITD) of the FLT3 gene is an important negative prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FLT3-ITD is constitutive active and partially retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recent reports show...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes cellular trafficking pathways to process its structural proteins and move them to the site of assembly. Nevertheless, the exact process of assembly and subcellular trafficking of S...
The mobility of cellular prion protein (PrPC) in specific cell membrane domains and among distinct cell compartments dictates its molecular interactions and directs its cell function. PrPC works in concert with several partners to organize signaling...
Apicomplexans form a large phylum of parasitic protozoa, including the genera Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Cryptosporidium, the causative agents of malaria, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis, respectively. They cause diseases not only in humans but...
The transport of proteins between the different cellular compartments and the cell surface is governed by the secretory pathway. Alternatively, unconventional secretion pathways have been described in mammalian cells, especially through multivesicula...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease due to mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The most frequent mutation (p.Phe508del) results in a misfolded protein (p.Phe508del-CFTR) with an altered transport to...
The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is an essential structural component of the virus, serving as the receptor-binding protein and principal neutralizing determinant. Env trimers are incorporated into developing particles at the plasma membrane of...
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is the second most abundant protein in the central nervous system and is responsible for structural maintenance of the myelin sheath covering axons. Previously, we showed that MBP has a more proactive role in the oligodendr...
Gluten proteins are the major storage protein fraction in the mature wheat grain. They are restricted to the starchy endosperm, which defines the viscoelastic properties of wheat dough. The synthesis of these storage proteins is controlled by the end...
Background and Objectives: Drug delivery systems (DDSs) offer efficient treatment solutions to challenging diseases such as central nervous system (CNS) diseases by bypassing biological barriers such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Among DDSs...
A key morphological feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the loss of the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells. The present study investigates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in addition to alterations in protein and membrane tr...
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins play evolutionarily conserved roles in intracellular vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion across eukaryotes. In pathogenic fungi, various SNARE homologs have be...
Since 2012, our understanding of human papillomavirus (HPV) subcellular trafficking has undergone a drastic paradigm shift. Work from multiple laboratories has revealed that HPV has evolved a unique means to deliver its viral genome (vDNA) to the cel...
Protein synthesis begins at free ribosomes or ribosomes attached with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Newly synthesized proteins are transported to the plasma membrane for secretion through conventional or unconventional pathways. In conventional pro...
Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular eukaryote with a very polarized secretory system composed of micronemes rhoptries and dense granules that are required for host cell invasion. P. falciparum, like its relative T. gondii, uses the endolysosomal s...
Vasopressin-dependent trafficking of AQP2 in the renal collecting duct is crucial for the regulation of water homeostasis. This process involves the targeting of AQP2 to the apical membrane during dehydration as well as its removal when hydration lev...
The open reading frame 3a (ORF3a) is a protein important to the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. The cytoplasmic domain of ORF3a has three canonical tyrosine-based sorting signals (160YNSV163, 211YYQL213, and 233YNKI236), and a previous study has indicat...
Cancer cells need a constant supply of nutrients. SLC6A14, an amino acid transporter B0,+ (ATB0,+) that is upregulated in many cancers, transports all but acidic amino acids. In its exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it is recognized by the SE...
Pex11, an abundant peroxisomal membrane protein (PMP), is required for division of peroxisomes and is robustly imported to peroxisomal membranes. We present a comprehensive analysis of how the Pichia pastoris Pex11 is recognized and chaperoned by Pex...
The envelopes of coronaviruses (CoVs) contain primarily three proteins; the two major glycoproteins spike (S) and membrane (M), and envelope (E), a non-glycosylated protein. Unlike other enveloped viruses, CoVs bud and assemble at the endoplasmic re...
Membrane trafficking is essential for processing and transport of proteins and lipids and to establish cell compartmentation and tissue organization. Cells respond to their needs and control the quantity and quality of protein secretion accordingly....
Excessive exposure to manganese (Mn) increases the risk of chronic neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other related Parkinsonisms. Aggregated α-synuclein (αSyn), a hallmark of PD, can spread to neighboring...
The vacuole is an essential organelle for plant growth and development. It is the location for the storage of nutrients; such as sugars and proteins; and other metabolic products. Understanding the mechanisms of vacuolar trafficking and molecule tran...
Spike protein is a surface glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, providing interaction of the coronavirus with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the host cell. The cytoplasmic tail of the S protein plays an important role in an intracel...
Trafficking of soluble cargo to the vacuole is far from being a closed issue as it can occur by different routes and involve different intermediates. The textbook view of proteins being sorted at the post-Golgi level to the lytic vacuole via the pre-...
Introduction: The interface between T cells and the tumor microenvironment, termed the ‘immunological synapse’, consists of multiple checkpoint protein pairs co-expressed on both sides of the synapse. mir-16, a microRNA from a widely know...
Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is selectively expressed in the apical membrane of exocrine glands, such as salivary, lacrimal, and submucosal glands. It is important for the secretory function of exocrine glands because mice with the knockout of AQP5 exhibit a s...
Ewing sarcoma is a bone and soft tissue tumor either neuroectodermal or mesenchymal originated and affecting children and adolescents. In the present study, we aimed to find out prognostic and predictive biomarkers for Ewing sarcoma. Hence, we examin...
Nutrient supply dictates cell signaling changes, which in turn regulate membrane protein trafficking. To better exploit nutrients, cells relocalize membrane transporters via selective protein trafficking. Key in this reshuffling are the α-arres...
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