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Microorganisms
Volume 13
Issue 10
10.3390/microorganisms13102305
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

SNARE Protein CfSec22 Mediates Vesicular Trafficking to Regulate Growth, Conidiogenesis, and Pathogenesis of Ceratocystis fimbriata

by
Changgen Li
1,2,†,
Yiming Wang
1,†,
Xiaoying Cao
1,
Kailun Lu
1,
Lianwei Li
1,* and
Jihong Jiang
1,*
1
The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
2
School of Modern Agricultural and Forestry, Yancheng Agricultural College, Yancheng 224051, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Microorganisms 2025, 13(10), 2305; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13102305 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 6 August 2025 / Revised: 27 September 2025 / Accepted: 2 October 2025 / Published: 5 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper in Plant–Microbe Interactions in Asia)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins play evolutionarily conserved roles in intracellular vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion across eukaryotes. In pathogenic fungi, various SNARE homologs have been shown to critically regulate host infection processes. Here, we characterize the functional roles of CfSec22 in the sweet potato black rot pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata. Phylogenetic and domain analyses demonstrate that CfSec22 shares homology with Sec22 proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScSec22), Magnaporthe oryzae (MoSec22), and other fungi, containing both the characteristic Longin homology domain and V-SNARE domain. Functional studies reveal that CfSec22 regulates growth, conidiation, and virulence of C. fimbriata. Deletion of CfSEC22 resulted in abnormal vacuole morphology and impaired endocytosis. The ΔCfsec22 mutant displayed heightened sensitivity to diverse stress conditions: oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum, and cell wall stressors. Subcellular localization studies confirmed the endoplasmic reticulum residence of CfSec22. Finally, we established that CfSec22 regulates the secretion of virulence-associated proteins and is required for the induction of ipomeamarone in infected sweet potato tissues. Together, our findings demonstrate that CfSec22-mediated vesicle trafficking serves as a critical regulatory mechanism supporting growth, conidiogenesis, and pathogenicity in C. fimbriata.
Keywords: Ceratocystis fimbriata; pathogenesis; SNARE protein; vesicular transport Ceratocystis fimbriata; pathogenesis; SNARE protein; vesicular transport

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, C.; Wang, Y.; Cao, X.; Lu, K.; Li, L.; Jiang, J. SNARE Protein CfSec22 Mediates Vesicular Trafficking to Regulate Growth, Conidiogenesis, and Pathogenesis of Ceratocystis fimbriata. Microorganisms 2025, 13, 2305. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13102305

AMA Style

Li C, Wang Y, Cao X, Lu K, Li L, Jiang J. SNARE Protein CfSec22 Mediates Vesicular Trafficking to Regulate Growth, Conidiogenesis, and Pathogenesis of Ceratocystis fimbriata. Microorganisms. 2025; 13(10):2305. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13102305

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Changgen, Yiming Wang, Xiaoying Cao, Kailun Lu, Lianwei Li, and Jihong Jiang. 2025. "SNARE Protein CfSec22 Mediates Vesicular Trafficking to Regulate Growth, Conidiogenesis, and Pathogenesis of Ceratocystis fimbriata" Microorganisms 13, no. 10: 2305. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13102305

APA Style

Li, C., Wang, Y., Cao, X., Lu, K., Li, L., & Jiang, J. (2025). SNARE Protein CfSec22 Mediates Vesicular Trafficking to Regulate Growth, Conidiogenesis, and Pathogenesis of Ceratocystis fimbriata. Microorganisms, 13(10), 2305. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13102305

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