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3,120 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
9,025 Views
14 Pages

30 December 2021

Mass timber products are growing in popularity as a substitute for steel and concrete, reducing embodied carbon in the built environment. This trend has raised questions about the sustainability of the U.S. timber supply. Our research addresses conce...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
119 Citations
18,943 Views
42 Pages

Throughout the last two decades the timber building sector has experienced a steady growth in multi-storey construction. Although there has been a growing number of research focused on trends, benefits, and disadvantages in timber construction from v...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,094 Views
15 Pages

Influence of Timber-to-Concrete Connection Types on the Behaviour of Timber–Concrete Composite Structures

  • Dmitrijs Serdjuks,
  • Agris Rogainis,
  • Elza Briuka,
  • Janis Sliseris,
  • Leonids Pakrastins and
  • Vjaceslavs Lapkovskis

2 November 2025

The current study investigates the influence of timber-to-concrete connection types on the behaviour of timber–concrete composite (TCC) structures employing metal web timber joists. Two groups of laboratory specimens were prepared, each compris...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,557 Views
16 Pages

Behaviour Analysis of Beam-Type Timber and Timber-Concrete Composite Panels

  • Elza Briuka,
  • Dmitrijs Serdjuks,
  • Pavel Akishin,
  • Genadijs Sahmenko,
  • Andrejs Podkoritovs and
  • Raimonds Ozolins

22 August 2024

This study addresses the enhancement of material efficiency and reduction in brittleness in timber-to-concrete adhesive connections for beam-type timber and timber-concrete composite panels. The research explores the potential benefits of adding long...

  • Review
  • Open Access
26 Citations
10,539 Views
24 Pages

The remarkable development of timber construction technologies in recent decades has led to an increase in the number of timber buildings worldwide, including multi-storey buildings. The design of timber buildings, especially those of greater height,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,378 Views
17 Pages

Friction Coefficients of Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Sawn Timber for Numerical Simulation of Timber Joints

  • José Ramón Villar-García,
  • Pablo Vidal-López,
  • Desirée Rodríguez-Robles and
  • Manuel Moya Ignacio

9 July 2022

This study focuses on the friction characteristics of chestnut sawn timber (Castanea sativa Mill.) of Spanish origin. The values of both the static and dynamic friction coefficients were determined, as this knowledge is of interest for the numerical...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,221 Views
13 Pages

20 November 2024

The development of a methodological approach to detecting the presence of flame retardants in building materials and products and finding their concentration is an essential part of the performance evaluation of flame retardants for timber. The above...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
6,218 Views
30 Pages

Sustainable and Efficient Structural Systems for Tall Buildings: Exploring Timber and Steel–Timber Hybrids through a Case Study

  • Fabrizio Ascione,
  • Francesco Esposito,
  • Giacomo Iovane,
  • Diana Faiella,
  • Beatrice Faggiano and
  • Elena Mele

15 February 2024

The paper focuses on tall timber buildings. The major aim of this paper is to identify the most sustainable and efficient structural system to increase the height of timber buildings, also considering steel–timber hybrid structures. First of al...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,632 Views
12 Pages

27 June 2024

Forest resources are renewable, and the rational exploitation and utilization of forest resources are not only conducive to sustainable development on a population scale, they can also lead to higher economic benefits. Based on the actual timber harv...

  • Entry
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,913 Views
9 Pages

Smoke Hazards of Tall Timber Buildings with New Products

  • Chi-Honn Cheng,
  • Cheuk-Lun Chow,
  • Tsz-Kit Yue,
  • Yiu-Wah Ng and
  • Wan-Ki Chow

Timber buildings can now stand very tall using new products. As timber materials are expected to be easily ignitable, the fire hazard of timber is a concern. Charring of the timber surface would maintain structural stability, but would also be accomp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,669 Views
33 Pages

Segmented Timber Shells for Circular Construction: Relocation, Structural Assessment, and Robotic Fabrication of a Modular, Lightweight Timber Structure

  • Simon Bechert,
  • Simon Aicher,
  • Lyudmila Gorokhova,
  • Laura Balangé,
  • Monika Göbel,
  • Volker Schwieger,
  • Achim Menges and
  • Jan Knippers

Segmented timber shells present a novel building system that utilizes modular, planar building components to create lightweight free-form structures in architecture. Recent advancements in the research field of segmented timber shells pursue, among o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,676 Views
17 Pages

Economic Ripple Effects Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber Manufacturing in Japan

  • Mengyuan Liu,
  • Tomohumi Huzita,
  • Akito Murano,
  • Chun Sheng Goh and
  • Chihiro Kayo

1 March 2023

Japan has been actively promoting the various uses of timber to efficiently utilize its plantation forests and contribute to its climate commitments. Cross-laminated timber (CLT), owing to its unique structural characteristics and environmental advan...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
9,044 Views
12 Pages

23 March 2018

When transporting timber, the high variability of species, assortments and moisture content of the wood raw material does not allow the weight of the transported timber to be precisely determined. This often contributes to the excessive weight loadin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,159 Views
22 Pages

Structural Timber Design in Curricula of Canadian Universities: Current Status and Future Needs

  • Hossein Daneshvar,
  • Tahiat Goni,
  • Sigong Zhang,
  • Reed Kelterborn and
  • Ying Hei Chui

26 November 2021

Due to the efficiency, sustainability, and advances in firefighting technologies, the allowable height for wood buildings was increased from 4 to 6 storeys in 2015 and will be further increased to 12 storeys in the 2020 edition of the National Buildi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
57 Citations
13,331 Views
14 Pages

Seismic Design of Timber Buildings: Highlighted Challenges and Future Trends

  • Mislav Stepinac,
  • Iztok Šušteršič,
  • Igor Gavrić and
  • Vlatka Rajčić

19 February 2020

Use of timber as a construction material has entered a period of renaissance since the development of high-performance engineered wood products, enabling larger and taller buildings to be built. In addition, due to substantial contribution of the bui...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,500 Views
21 Pages

18 June 2025

The building sector significantly contributes to global energy consumption and carbon emissions, primarily due to the extensive use of carbon-intensive materials such as concrete and steel. Mass timber construction, particularly using cross-laminated...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,106 Views
29 Pages

Advanced Timber Construction Industry: A Quantitative Review of 646 Global Design and Construction Stakeholders

  • Luis Orozco,
  • Hana Svatoš-Ražnjević,
  • Hans Jakob Wagner,
  • Moataz Abdelaal,
  • Felix Amtsberg,
  • Daniel Weiskopf and
  • Achim Menges

8 September 2023

There has been a multi-storey timber construction boom since the start of the millennium. While there is now a body of research on trends, benefits, and disadvantages of timber construction, there is not yet literature on the wider market or the impa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
12,918 Views
28 Pages

Ductile Moment-Resisting Timber Connections: A Review

  • Arthur S. Rebouças,
  • Zabih Mehdipour,
  • Jorge M. Branco and
  • Paulo B. Lourenço

19 February 2022

In the last two decades, high-rise timber buildings have been built using the glulam truss system, even with limited openings. Moment-resisting timber frames (MRTF) with semi-rigid beam-to-column connections can be an architecture-friendly way to pro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
9,835 Views
19 Pages

Comparative LCAs of Conventional and Mass Timber Buildings in Regions with Potential for Mass Timber Penetration

  • Maureen Puettmann,
  • Francesca Pierobon,
  • Indroneil Ganguly,
  • Hongmei Gu,
  • Cindy Chen,
  • Shaobo Liang,
  • Susan Jones,
  • Ian Maples and
  • Mark Wishnie

18 December 2021

Manufacturing of building materials and construction of buildings make up 11% of the global greenhouse gas emission by sector. Mass timber construction has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by moving wood into buildings with designs th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,216 Views
13 Pages

21 October 2024

As the carbon storage capacity of timber is recognized, there is growing interest in timber and wooden structures as a solution to various environmental problems. The use of Korean timber with substantial carbon storage capacity is required to reduce...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,327 Views
20 Pages

20 September 2024

The light weight and moderate stiffness of multistorey timber buildings make them susceptible to increased lateral displacements and accelerations under service-level wind loading. Therefore, the fulfilment of serviceability requirements is a major c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,888 Views
15 Pages

Timber Construction Regulations in Brazil: A Perspective from Its National Industry of Timber Houses

  • Victor De Araujo,
  • Juliano Vasconcelos,
  • Elen Morales,
  • Juliana Barbosa,
  • Maristela Gava,
  • Emerson Faustino,
  • Herisson Santos,
  • Felipe Arroyo,
  • Sheyla Serra and
  • José Garcia
  • + 3 authors

23 August 2023

Codes of practices and standards for products and activities are available regulations for global sectors, although they are dedicated to national scopes such as civil construction in Brazil. These regulations align with industry compliance as they e...

  • Review
  • Open Access
153 Citations
36,335 Views
24 Pages

The construction industry represents one of the greatest contributors to atmospheric emissions of CO2 and anthropogenic climate change, largely resulting from the production of commonly used building materials such as steel and concrete. It is well u...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
6,805 Views
14 Pages

11 January 2023

Salvaged timber elements often have length limitations, and therefore, their reuse in structural products normally would require additional processing and end-to-end joining. This increases the costs of reusing such materials, which makes them even l...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,560 Views
21 Pages

Innovation in Timber Processing—A Case Study on Low-Grade Resource Utilisation for High-Grade Timber Products

  • Sebastian Klein,
  • Benoit Belleville,
  • Giorgio Marfella,
  • Rodney Keenan and
  • Robert L. McGavin

8 July 2025

Native forest timber supplies are declining, and industry needs to do more with less to meet growing demand for wood products. An Australian-based, vertically integrated timber manufacturing business is commissioning a spindleless lathe to produce en...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,296 Views
22 Pages

10 February 2023

Traditional architecture characteristically uses locally available materials to develop constructive systems and techniques, providing an optimum response to the needs of the population. This study focuses on half-timber walls as a traditional techni...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,112 Views
24 Pages

Workpiece Coordinate System Measurement for a Robotic Timber Joinery Workflow

  • Francisco Quitral-Zapata,
  • Rodrigo García-Alvarado,
  • Alejandro Martínez-Rocamora and
  • Luis Felipe González-Böhme

31 July 2025

Robotic timber joinery demands integrated, adaptive methods to compensate for the inherent dimensional variability of wood. We introduce a seamless robotic workflow to enhance the measurement accuracy of the Workpiece Coordinate System (WCS). The app...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,518 Views
19 Pages

Identification and Trend Analysis of Multistorey Timber Buildings in the SUDOE Region

  • Luis-Alfonso Basterra,
  • Vanesa Baño,
  • Gamaliel López,
  • Gonzalo Cabrera and
  • Patricia Vallelado-Cordobés

The construction sector has one of the most polluting economic activities. In this context, several policies are being launched by the European Union to promote the transition to a sustainable economy, and timber construction is a safe way to contrib...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,828 Views
17 Pages

Timber-Reinforced Concrete and Its Application in Portugal

  • Cristina Reis,
  • Sandra Pereira,
  • Naim Sedira,
  • Anabela Paiva and
  • Jorge Pinto

Traditional construction is an important skill. This paper intends to contribute to the literature on the topic of timber-reinforced concrete. First, some traditional Portuguese timber solutions are introduced. Second, some traditional Portuguese tim...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,618 Views
27 Pages

13 September 2025

Low-carbon development is closely linked to the concept of sustainability, which focuses on both economic growth and the targeted reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, facilitating the transition to climate neutrality. This process involves th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,232 Views
24 Pages

16 November 2021

Due to the growing need to preserve our planet and reduce carbon emissions during construction, the use of the only carbon-absorbing material, timber, is increasingly being imposed. In addition to the requirement of reducing emissions, there is a nec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,018 Views
28 Pages

7 February 2024

China initiated a new collective forest tenure reform (CFTR) in 2003, which transferred the use rights of collective forest land and the ownership of collective trees to farmers. To assess the impact of the CFTR on timber production and to understand...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,565 Views
19 Pages

16 February 2020

The location and grade setting of a timber logistics center is an important link in the optimization of the timber logistics system, the rationality of which can effectively improve the efficiency of the timber logistics supply chain. There is a long...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,278 Views
34 Pages

Investigations on the Sustainable Resource Use of Swiss Timber

  • Claude Leyder,
  • Michael Klippel,
  • Olin Bartlomé,
  • Niko Heeren,
  • Sarah Kissling,
  • Yutaka Goto and
  • Andrea Frangi

25 January 2021

In Switzerland, the advantages of timber buildings for the climate are broadly discussed. In the following paper, a comparative sustainability assessment of four building alternatives is presented. Especially the contribution of implementing Swiss ti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,602 Views
15 Pages

The Seasonal Fluctuation of Timber Prices in Hyrcanian Temperate Forests, Northern Iran

  • Seyed Mahdi Heshmatol Vaezin,
  • Mohammad Moftakhar Juybari,
  • Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi,
  • Jan Banaś and
  • Marina Viorela Marcu

16 May 2022

Seasonal fluctuations play an important role in the pricing of a timber sale. A good understanding of timber price mechanisms and predictability in the timber market would be very practical for forest owners, managers, and investors, and is crucial f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
8,221 Views
31 Pages

Legality Constraints: The Emergence of a Dual Market for Tropical Timber Products?

  • Mauro Masiero,
  • Davide Pettenella and
  • Paolo Omar Cerutti

30 September 2015

The European Union (EU), the United States of America (USA), and Australia have adopted specific measures to avoid the placing of illegal timber on their markets. These measures might encourage the diversion of timber products from traditional large...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,954 Views
26 Pages

22 December 2023

Tall timber buildings represent an emerging and highly promising sector due to their potential to yield significant environmental and economic advantages throughout their entire life cycles. Nonetheless, the existing body of literature lacks a compre...

  • Review
  • Open Access
7 Citations
7,513 Views
32 Pages

A Comprehensive Comparison of Insulation Materials for Timber Building Systems

  • Bernardino M. Rocha,
  • Marina Tenório,
  • Jorge M. Branco and
  • Sandra M. Silva

8 May 2025

The key objectives of both European Union and Portuguese policies are energy efficiency and carbon neutrality in the building sector. Timber construction offers unique advantages in achieving these goals, such as increased productivity through faster...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,842 Views
14 Pages

8 October 2020

Recently, many mountain disasters caused by natural phenomena, such as typhoons and heavy rains, have struck Japan, where check dams are used as important disaster prevention structures. Meanwhile, increased timber use in Japan is expected to revital...

  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,530 Views
28 Pages

Timber–concrete composite structure is a type of efficient combination form composed of concrete floors and timber beams or floors through shear connectors, and shows good application potential in the floor system of timber buildings. The long-...

  • Review
  • Open Access
35 Citations
15,859 Views
38 Pages

Contemporary Strategies for the Structural Design of Multi-Story Modular Timber Buildings: A Comprehensive Review

  • Marina Tenório,
  • Rui Ferreira,
  • Victor Belafonte,
  • Filipe Sousa,
  • Cláudio Meireis,
  • Mafalda Fontes,
  • Inês Vale,
  • André Gomes,
  • Rita Alves and
  • Jorge M. Branco
  • + 5 authors

10 April 2024

Modular timber construction embodies a pioneering and eco-friendly methodology within the building sector. With the notable progress made in manufacturing technologies and the advent of engineered wood products, timber has evolved into a promising su...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,624 Views
23 Pages

Dynamic Response of Steel–Timber Composite Beams with Varying Screw Spacing

  • Małgorzata Abramowicz,
  • Marcin Chybiński,
  • Łukasz Polus,
  • Piotr Szewczyk and
  • Tomasz Wróblewski

26 April 2024

Steel–timber composite beams are a relatively new type of composite structure. They have many important advantages, owing to which they may be considered a sustainable solution. Their connectors may be demountable, which makes it possible to se...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,966 Views
20 Pages

2 July 2024

This article explores the possibility of predicting the compliance coefficients for composite shear keys of built-up timber beams using artificial neural networks. The compliance coefficients determine the stresses and deflections of built-up timber...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,018 Views
13 Pages

Non-Destructive Quality Control of the Adhesive Rigid Timber-to-Concrete Connection in TCC Structures

  • Karina Buka-Vaivade,
  • Liga Gaile,
  • Dmitrijs Serdjuks,
  • Aleksejs Tatarinovs and
  • Leonids Pakrastins

6 December 2022

One of the limitations of using glued connections in practice is related to the need for connection quality control. Still, the need for the non-destructive quality control of finished products to determine the compliance of the developed structure w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,680 Views
16 Pages

Establishing short supply chains for timber has become important especially in Italy, which is an historically wood-importer country. Timber is an environmentally friendly construction material and a potential mean to reduce carbon footprint produced...

  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,699 Views
35 Pages

Systematics of Forestry Technology for Tracing the Timber Supply Chain

  • Alexander Kaulen,
  • Lukas Stopfer,
  • Kai Lippert and
  • Thomas Purfürst

25 August 2023

Traceability is the ability to follow the processes that a raw material or product goes through. For forestry, this means identifying the wood from the standing tree to the mill entrance and recording all information about the technical (production)...

  • Review
  • Open Access
16 Citations
9,738 Views
49 Pages

Vibration of Timber and Hybrid Floors: A Review of Methods of Measurement, Analysis, and Design

  • Hassan Karampour,
  • Farid Piran,
  • Adam Faircloth,
  • Nima Talebian and
  • Dane Miller

Floor vibration, although not a safety concern, is a prevalent performance complaint in multi-story structures. With the increasing use of mass timber construction, various types of long-span timber floors (LSTFs), including plain cross-laminated tim...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,851 Views
36 Pages

22 September 2025

The subject of this article is tall buildings with a load-bearing layout made of mass timber, erected between 2009 and 2025. The aim of the study is to introduce a typology and to systematise and synthesise knowledge concerning the spatial and materi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,833 Views
22 Pages

10 August 2022

To promote the development of timber–steel composite (TSC) structures, this paper proposes a TSC I-beam with an I-beam as the webs, covered with a timber board on its upper and lower surfaces and bolted together; the effect of varying the ratio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,207 Views
16 Pages

Multi-Scale Characterisation of the Fire Hazards of Timber Cladding

  • Danny Hopkin,
  • Michael Spearpoint,
  • Yorgos Kanellopoulos,
  • Carmen Gorska and
  • Chris Mayfield

21 January 2025

Timber-clad facades, traditionally prevalent in North America and Scandinavia, are gaining popularity in central Europe and the UK for applications beyond low-rise buildings. Timber differs from typical cladding materials, such as masonry, due to its...

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