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63 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,073 Views
15 Pages

28 February 2023

Given the advantage of LoRaWAN private networks, multiple types of services have been implemented by users in one LoRaWAN system to realize various smart applications. With an increasing number of applications, LoRaWAN suffers from multi-service coex...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,454 Views
24 Pages

12 August 2025

The rapid growth of Long Range (LoRa) devices has led to network congestion, reducing spectrum and energy efficiency. To address this problem, we propose an energy-efficient reinforcement learning method for distributed LoRa networks, enabling each d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,459 Views
22 Pages

1 August 2022

To efficiently utilize nonexclusive underwater acoustic frequencies, we propose an Underwater Cooperative Spectrum Sharing (UCSS) protocol for a centralized underwater cognitive acoustic network that mainly consists of two parts. In the first part, t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,926 Views
20 Pages

Edge Based Priority-Aware Dynamic Resource Allocation for Internet of Things Networks

  • Zulfiqar Ali,
  • Kashif Naseer Qureshi,
  • Kainat Mustafa,
  • Rasool Bukhsh,
  • Sheraz Aslam,
  • Hana Mujlid and
  • Kayhan Zrar Ghafoor

4 November 2022

The exponential growth of the edge-based Internet-of-Things (IoT) services and its ecosystems has recently led to a new type of communication network, the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN). This standard enables low-power, long-range, and low-data-...

  • Editorial
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,918 Views
3 Pages

Wireless Systems and Networks in the IoT

  • Damianos Gavalas,
  • Modestos Stavrakis,
  • Periklis Chatzimisios,
  • Zhichao Cao and
  • Xiaolong Zheng

17 April 2020

This Special Issue is focused on breakthrough developments in the field of Wireless Systems and Networks in the IoT. The selected contributions report current scientific progress in a wide range of topics covering clock error compensation in sensor n...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,703 Views
21 Pages

Adaptive Mobility-Based IoT LoRa Clustering Communication Scheme

  • Dick Mugerwa,
  • Youngju Nam,
  • Hyunseok Choi,
  • Yongje Shin and
  • Euisin Lee

Long Range (LoRa) as a low-power wide-area technology is distinguished by its robust long-distance communications tailored for Internet of Things (IoT) networks. Because LoRa was primarily designed for stationary devices, when applied to mobile devic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,836 Views
25 Pages

Path Mapping Approach for Network Function Virtualization Resource Allocation with Network Function Decomposition Support

  • Basheer Raddwan,
  • Khalil AL-Wagih,
  • Ibrahim A. Al-Baltah,
  • Mohamed A. Alrshah and
  • Mohammed A. Al-Maqri

16 September 2019

Recently, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) have attracted many mobile operators. For the flexible deployment of Network Functions (NFs) in an NFV environment, NF decompositions and control/user plane separat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
5,221 Views
32 Pages

Future beyond fifth-generation (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) communication systems require a higher quality of service (QoS) along with meeting multiple objectives and traffic demands. Consequently, new multi-antenna technologies and massive multip...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
7,203 Views
19 Pages

Collision Avoidance Resource Allocation for LoRaWAN

  • Natalia Chinchilla-Romero,
  • Jorge Navarro-Ortiz,
  • Pablo Muñoz and
  • Pablo Ameigeiras

9 February 2021

The number of connected IoT devices is significantly increasing and it is expected to reach more than two dozens of billions of IoT connections in the coming years. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) have become very relevant for this new paradigm...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,162 Views
21 Pages

LoRa Resource Allocation Algorithm for Higher Data Rates

  • Hossein Keshmiri,
  • Gazi M. E. Rahman and
  • Khan A. Wahid

17 January 2025

LoRa modulation is a widely used technology known for its long-range transmission capabilities, making it ideal for applications with low data rate requirements, such as IoT-enabled sensor networks. However, its inherent low data rate poses a challen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
5,913 Views
22 Pages

Optimal Data Collection Time in LoRa Networks—A Time-Slotted Approach

  • Dimitrios Zorbas,
  • Christelle Caillouet,
  • Khaled Abdelfadeel Hassan and
  • Dirk Pesch

8 February 2021

LoRa is a low-power and long range radio communication technology designed for low-power Internet of Things devices. These devices are often deployed in remote areas where the end-to-end connectivity provided through one or more gateways may be limit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,344 Views
26 Pages

6 November 2024

Mobile communications have experienced exponential growth both in connectivity and multimedia traffic in recent years. To support this tremendous growth, device-to-device (D2D) communications play a significant role in 5G and beyond 5G networks. Howe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,154 Views
26 Pages

Modeling Future Streamflow for Adaptive Water Allocation under Climate Change for the Tanjung Karang Rice Irrigation Scheme Malaysia

  • Habibu Ismail,
  • Md Rowshon Kamal,
  • Ahmad Fikri b. Abdullah,
  • Deepak Tirumishi Jada and
  • Lai Sai Hin

16 July 2020

Spatial and temporal climatic variability influence on the productivity of agricultural watershed and irrigation systems. In a large irrigation system, the quantification and regulation of the flow at different locations of the channel is quite diffi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
2,873 Views
14 Pages

Improving the Convergence Period of Adaptive Data Rate in a Long Range Wide Area Network for the Internet of Things Devices

  • Khola Anwar,
  • Taj Rahman,
  • Asim Zeb,
  • Yousaf Saeed,
  • Muhammad Adnan Khan,
  • Inayat Khan,
  • Shafiq Ahmad,
  • Abdelaty Edrees Abdelgawad and
  • Mali Abdollahian

7 September 2021

A Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is one of the most efficient technologies and is widely adopted for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The IoT consists of massive End Devices (EDs) deployed over large geographical areas, forming a la...

  • Article
  • Open Access
410 Views
24 Pages

11 December 2025

Nanosatellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) are an attractive platform for commercial and scientific missions, but their downlink capacity is constrained by bandwidth and by low ground station duty cycles (often under 5%). These limitations are particula...

  • Article
  • Open Access
164 Citations
11,143 Views
26 Pages

IoT Resource Allocation and Optimization Based on Heuristic Algorithm

  • Arun Kumar Sangaiah,
  • Ali Asghar Rahmani Hosseinabadi,
  • Morteza Babazadeh Shareh,
  • Seyed Yaser Bozorgi Rad,
  • Atekeh Zolfagharian and
  • Naveen Chilamkurti

18 January 2020

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a distributed system that connects everything via internet. IoT infrastructure contains multiple resources and gateways. In such a system, the problem of optimizing IoT resource allocation and scheduling (IRAS) is vita...

  • Article
  • Open Access
49 Citations
6,173 Views
20 Pages

Resource Allocation to Massive Internet of Things in LoRaWANs

  • Arshad Farhad,
  • Dae-Ho Kim and
  • Jae-Young Pyun

6 May 2020

A long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) adapts the ALOHA network concept for channel access, resulting in packet collisions caused by intra- and inter-spreading factor (SF) interference. This leads to a high packet loss ratio. In LoRaWAN, each end d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,461 Views
19 Pages

3 December 2022

In this paper, a resource allocation (RA) scheme based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is designed for device-to-device (D2D) communications underlay cellular networks. The goal of RA is to determine the transmission power and spectrum channel o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
3,919 Views
16 Pages

7 November 2022

Inadequate resources and facilities with zero latency affect the efficiencies of task scheduling (TS) and resource allocation (RA) in the fog paradigm. Only the incoming tasks can be completed within the deadline if the resource availability in the c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,753 Views
29 Pages

13 January 2021

In anticipation of wide implementation of 5G technologies, the scarcity of spectrum resources for the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) communication remains one of the major challenges in arranging safe drone operations. Dynamic spectrum management am...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,560 Views
19 Pages

Inner External DQN LoRa SF Allocation Scheme for Complex Environments

  • Shengli Pang,
  • Delin Kong,
  • Xute Wang,
  • Ruoyu Pan,
  • Honggang Wang,
  • Zhifan Ye and
  • Di Liu

In recent years, with the development of Internet of Things technology, the demand for low-power wireless communication technology has been growing, giving rise to LoRa technology. A LoRa network mainly consists of terminal nodes, gateways, and LoRa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
503 Views
37 Pages

11 December 2025

Increasing spectral bandwidth in 5G networks improves capacity but cannot fully address the heterogeneous and rapidly growing traffic demands. Heterogeneous ultra-dense networks (HUDNs) play a key role in offloading traffic across multi-tier deployme...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,828 Views
21 Pages

Modeling and Optimization of LoRa Networks under Multiple Constraints

  • Hui Zhang,
  • Yuxin Song,
  • Maoheng Yang and
  • Qiming Jia

10 September 2023

With the access of massive terminals of the Internet of Things (IoT), the low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN) applications represented by Long Range Radio (LoRa) will grow extensively in the future. The specific Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,140 Views
19 Pages

31 January 2025

Integrating Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) backscatter with Cognitive Radio (CR) can effectively alleviate the pressure of large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) device connections while reducing power consumption. In the downlink of NOMA backsc...

  • Review
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,566 Views
47 Pages

Graph-Based Resource Allocation for Integrated Space and Terrestrial Communications

  • Antoni Ivanov,
  • Krasimir Tonchev,
  • Vladimir Poulkov,
  • Agata Manolova and
  • Nikolay N. Neshov

2 August 2022

Resource allocation (RA) has always had a prominent place in wireless communications research due to its significance for network throughput maximization, and its inherent complexity. Concurrently, graph-based solutions for RA have also grown in impo...

  • Review
  • Open Access
39 Citations
8,770 Views
36 Pages

1 August 2023

The Internet of Things is rapidly growing with the demand for low-power, long-range wireless communication technologies. Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is one such technology that has gained significant attention in recent years due to its ab...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,268 Views
19 Pages

Collision Avoidance Adaptive Data Rate Algorithm for LoRaWAN

  • Rachel Kufakunesu,
  • Gerhard P. Hancke and
  • Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz

19 October 2024

Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology offers efficient connectivity for numerous end devices over a wide coverage area in the Internet of Things (IoT) network, enabling the exchange of data over the Internet between even the most minor In...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,706 Views
19 Pages

25 September 2015

Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), which is widely used in the wireless sensor networks, allows different users to obtain different subcarriers according to their subchannel gains. Therefore, how to assign subcarriers and power to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,835 Views
26 Pages

16 June 2022

The deployment of heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is a way to increase the network capacity and release part of the traffic generated by users inside a cell to small-scale wireless networks for service. In this context, the main problem is managing...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
4,455 Views
15 Pages

RM-ADR: Resource Management Adaptive Data Rate for Mobile Application in LoRaWAN

  • Khola Anwar,
  • Taj Rahman,
  • Asim Zeb,
  • Inayat Khan,
  • Mahdi Zareei and
  • Cesar Vargas-Rosales

30 November 2021

LoRaWAN is renowned and a mostly supported technology for the Internet of Things, using an energy-efficient Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) to allocate resources (e.g., Spreading Factor (SF)) and Transmit Power (TP) to a large number of End Devices (EDs). W...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,002 Views
20 Pages

The demand for secure communication in the age of quantum technologies has driven progress in quantum key distribution (QKD) techniques for optical networks. This research addresses the issues of high blocking probabilities (BPs) and the proper utili...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,789 Views
19 Pages

With the proliferation of video surveillance system deployment and related applications, real-time video analysis is very critical to achieving intelligent monitoring, autonomous driving, etc. Analyzing video stream with high accuracy and low latency...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,872 Views
23 Pages

10 September 2024

This paper proposes a novel UAV-based edge computing system for augmented reality (AR) applications, addressing the challenges posed by the limited resources in mobile devices. The system uses UAVs equipped with edge computing servers (UECs) specific...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,471 Views
14 Pages

Disaster Mitigation in Urban Pakistan Using Agent Based Modeling with GIS

  • Ayesha Maqbool,
  • Zain ul Abideen Usmani,
  • Farkhanda Afzal and
  • Alia Razia

This study aims to propose an application of agent based modeling (ABM) and simulation for disaster mitigation in an urban region of Pakistan. Pakistan has been working over the past few decades to reduce the risk factor of disasters by using differe...

  • Review
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,970 Views
21 Pages

A Framework for Resource Allocation in Fire Departments: A Structured Literature Review

  • Milad K. Eslamzadeh,
  • António Grilo and
  • Pedro Espadinha-Cruz

27 July 2022

A significant amount of research has been conducted on the resource allocation in fire departments (RAFD) and literature reviews about the fire protection service (FPS), but to the best of our knowledge, no literature reviews have been conducted abou...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,262 Views
24 Pages

25 May 2025

The integration of Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites with Long Range Radio (LoRa)-based Internet of Things (IoT) systems for extensive wide-area coverage has gained traction in academia and industry, challenging traditional terrestrial resource optimi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
40 Citations
5,851 Views
16 Pages

Effective Resource Allocation Technique to Improve QoS in 5G Wireless Network

  • Ramkumar Jayaraman,
  • Baskar Manickam,
  • Suresh Annamalai,
  • Manoj Kumar,
  • Ashutosh Mishra and
  • Rakesh Shrestha

A 5G wireless network requires an efficient approach to effectively manage and segment the resource. A Centralized Radio Access Network (CRAN) is used to handle complex distributed networks. Specific to network infrastructure, multicast communication...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,567 Views
21 Pages

Renin–Angiotensin System Components and Arachidonic Acid Metabolites as Biomarkers of COVID-19

  • Biwash Ghimire,
  • Sana Khajeh Pour,
  • Elizabeth Middleton,
  • Robert A. Campbell,
  • Mary A. Nies and
  • Ali Aghazadeh-Habashi

Through the ACE2, a main enzyme of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), SARS-CoV-2 gains access into the cell, resulting in different complications which may extend beyond the RAS and impact the Arachidonic Acid (ArA) pathway. The contribution o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,728 Views
19 Pages

8 February 2019

Virtual reality (VR) is emerging as one of key applications in future fifth-generation (5G) networks. Uploading VR video in 5G network is expected to boom in near future, as general consumers could generate high-quality VR videos with portable 360-de...

  • Review
  • Open Access
27 Citations
5,241 Views
30 Pages

11 July 2024

The field of the Internet of Things (IoT) is dominating various areas of technology. As the number of devices has increased, there is a need for efficient communication with low resource consumption and energy efficiency. Low Power Wide Area Networks...

  • Article
  • Open Access
383 Views
22 Pages

Joint Beam Position Grouping and RO Allocation for LEO Satellite Communication Systems

  • Bojun Guo,
  • Yiming Zhu,
  • Yi Zheng,
  • Yafei Wang,
  • Mengyao Cao,
  • Wenjin Wang and
  • Li Chai

30 November 2025

International organizations such as the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) regard non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) as an essential component of the sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,948 Views
20 Pages

To handle the fast-growing demand for high data rate applications, the capacity of cellular networks should be reinforced. However, the available radio resources in cellular networks are scarce, and their formulation is expensive. The state-of-the ar...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,316 Views
21 Pages

Intelligent Random Access for Massive-Machine Type Communications in Sliced Mobile Networks

  • Bei Yang,
  • Fengsheng Wei,
  • Xiaoming She,
  • Zheng Jiang,
  • Jianchi Zhu,
  • Peng Chen and
  • Jianxiu Wang

With the emerging Internet of Things paradigm, massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC) has been identified as one of the prominent services that enables a broad range of applications with various Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for 5G-and-bey...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,690 Views
17 Pages

18 November 2017

In this paper, we model and investigate the random access (RA) performance of sensor nodes (SN) in a wireless sensor network (WSN). In the WSN, a central head sensor (HS) collects the information from distributed SNs, and jammers disturb the informat...

  • Review
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,955 Views
14 Pages

Cyber security is nowadays synonymous with the reliability of elements connected to the internet. Better control of factories, security systems or even individual sensors is possible through the use of Internet of Things technology. The security of t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,062 Views
18 Pages

Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology is rapidly expanding as a technology with long distance connectivity, low power consumption, low data rates and a large number of end devices (EDs) that connect to the Internet of Things (IoT) network...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,314 Views
12 Pages

A Spreading Factor Congestion Status-Aware Adaptive Data Rate Algorithm

  • Charles Lehong,
  • Bassey Isong,
  • Francis Lugayizi and
  • Adnan Abu-Mahfouz

LoRaWAN has established itself as one of the leading MAC layer protocols in the field of LPWAN. Although the technology itself is quite mature, its resource allocation mechanism, the Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) algorithm is still quite new, unspecified...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,649 Views
17 Pages

Sustainable Resource Allocation and Reduce Latency Based on Federated-Learning-Enabled Digital Twin in IoT Devices

  • Mohammed A. Alhartomi,
  • Adeeb Salh,
  • Lukman Audah,
  • Saeed Alzahrani,
  • Ahmed Alzahmi,
  • Mohammad R. Altimania,
  • Abdulaziz Alotaibi,
  • Ruwaybih Alsulami and
  • Omar Al-Hartomy

18 August 2023

In this article, we utilize Digital Twins (DT) with edge networks using blockchain technology for reliable real-time data processing and provide a secure, scalable solution to bridge the gap between physical edge networks and digital systems. Then, w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
4,281 Views
10 Pages

Socio-Demographic Disparities in Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Population-Based Study

  • Navpreet Rana,
  • Rohit Gosain,
  • Riccardo Lemini,
  • Chong Wang,
  • Emmanuel Gabriel,
  • Turab Mohammed,
  • Beas Siromoni and
  • Sarbajit Mukherjee

9 January 2020

Background: Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, accounting for 8.2% of cancer-related deaths. The purpose of this study was to investigate the geographic and sociodemographic disparities in gastric adeno...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,741 Views
20 Pages

13 April 2022

Large-scale terminals’ various QoS requirements are key challenges confronting the resource allocation of Satellite Internet of Things (S-IoT). This paper presents a deep reinforcement learning-based online channel allocation and power control...

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