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365 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,858 Views
18 Pages

30 May 2023

Maritime security is facing many challenges due to war conflicts, geopolitics, sanctions, and pandemics. The supply chain for maritime containers has faced considerable obstacles as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous factors, such as port cl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,048 Views
22 Pages

Fire Risk Assessment of Lithium-Ion Power Battery Shipping Containers in Maritime Transportation Scenarios

  • Zhen Qiao,
  • Xiaotiao Zhan,
  • Yao Tian,
  • Yuan Gao,
  • Longjun He and
  • Yuxiang Lu

25 November 2025

As the demand for maritime transportation of power battery shipping containers grows rapidly, the incidence of fire accidents has increased in tandem. However, most studies focus on analyzing fire causes through the thermal runaway mechanism; few ana...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,537 Views
20 Pages

Global Maritime Container Shipping Networks 1969–1981: Emergence of Container Shipping and Reopening of the Suez Canal

  • Tomohiro Saito,
  • Ryuichi Shibasaki,
  • Shinsuke Murakami,
  • Kenmei Tsubota and
  • Takuma Matsuda

This study applied graph theory to conduct an empirical analysis of the evolution of global maritime container shipping networks, mainly focusing on the 1970s. In addition to analyzing the change in overall structures of the networks over the long te...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
4,118 Views
22 Pages

14 December 2023

Recently, decarbonizing the maritime industry, which accounts for 2.8% of world emissions, has become essential. However, as a crucial component of maritime transportation, container shipping also carries substantial significance. In this context, th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,735 Views
25 Pages

17 September 2025

This paper investigates the growing problem of abandoned maritime containers and the lack of effective reverse logistics to manage them: Background: The research highlights the significant environmental impact and economic burdens caused by the imbal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
6,243 Views
21 Pages

Operational Analysis of Container Ships by Using Maritime Big Data

  • Min-Jae Oh,
  • Myung-Il Roh,
  • Sung-Woo Park,
  • Do-Hyun Chun,
  • Myeong-Jo Son and
  • Jeong-Youl Lee

The shipping company or the operator determines the mode of operation of a ship. In the case of container ships, there may be various operating patterns employed to arrive at the destination within the stipulated time. In addition, depending on the i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
6,987 Views
16 Pages

Volatile Freight Rates in Maritime Container Industry in Times of Crises

  • Tomislav Rožić,
  • Dora Naletina and
  • Mateusz Zając

24 August 2022

In recent years, the stability of supply chains has been undermined due to many disruptions. Although it is normal for the disruptions in supply chains to occur periodically, they have great impact on the rise of the costs and they create strong imba...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,856 Views
23 Pages

20 March 2025

(1) Background: The reliability of port equipment is of significant interest to industry stakeholders due to the economic and logistical factors governing the operation of maritime container terminals. Failures of key equipment like quay cranes can h...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,949 Views
40 Pages

Digitalizing Maritime Containers Shipping Companies: Impacts on Their Processes

  • Pedro-Luis Sanchez-Gonzalez,
  • David Díaz-Gutiérrez and
  • Luis R. Núñez-Rivas

28 February 2022

Key analysts are emphasizing the importance of the digitalization especially of the supply chain. This work aims to improve maritime shipping companies by introducing digitalization in their operations. This objective is achieved analyzing the impact...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,356 Views
24 Pages

5 November 2024

This paper proposes an integrated approach to define the best consignment strategy for storing containers in an export yard of a maritime terminal. The storage strategy identifies the rules for grouping homogeneous containers, which are defined simul...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,446 Views
22 Pages

25 June 2023

In East Asia, where several large hub ports exist, maritime container shipping (MCS) has developed rapidly, and the MCS network has become more complex. This study develops a link prediction model that reproduces the changes in the structure of the i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,709 Views
14 Pages

Modest Method for Estimating CO2 Emissions from Container Handling Equipment at Ports

  • Muhammad Arif Budiyanto,
  • Faril Ichfari and
  • Takeshi Shinoda

25 November 2024

The maritime industry is under increasing pressure to reduce CO2 emissions, with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) setting a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including emissions from the port sector, by 40% by 2030. However, acc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,389 Views
18 Pages

Optimal Deployment of Container Weighing Equipment: Models and Properties

  • Zhaojing Yang,
  • Min Xu,
  • Xuecheng Tian,
  • Yong Jin and
  • Shuaian Wang

3 September 2024

Container weighing is crucial to the safety of the shipping system and has garnered significant attention in the maritime industry. This research develops a container weighing optimization model and validates several propositions derived from this mo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,029 Views
16 Pages

Spatial Structure and Vulnerability of Container Shipping Networks: A Case Study in the Beibu Gulf Sea Area

  • Mengyu Xia,
  • Jinhai Chen,
  • Pengfei Zhang,
  • Peng Peng and
  • Christophe Claramunt

Ports play an important role in maintaining the effectiveness of maritime logistics. When ports encounter congestion, strikes, or natural disasters, the maritime container transportation network might be significantly affected. The Beibu Gulf sea are...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,598 Views
17 Pages

Simulated Global Empty Containers Repositioning Using Agent-Based Modelling

  • Alaa Abdelshafie,
  • Bojan Rupnik and
  • Tomaž Kramberger

1 March 2023

Due to an ever-increasing movement of containers across the globe in line with the economic boom, the trade imbalance and issues related to empty containers have become inevitable. Empty containers accumulated at specific ports cannot only generate p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,967 Views
28 Pages

17 February 2025

The escalating global demand for containerized cargo has intensified pressure on container terminals, which serve as vital nodes in maritime logistics. This study aims to enhance operational efficiency in non-automated container terminals by examinin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,351 Views
32 Pages

Topological Resilience of Shipping Alliances in Maritime Transportation Networks

  • Tiago Novaes Mathias,
  • Yoshihisa Sugimura,
  • Tomoya Kawasaki and
  • Yasuhiro Akakura

Background: The resilience of shipping alliances within the global maritime container network (GMCN) has critical implications for global trade. This study examines the topological robustness of strategic alliances (SAs) in liner shipping, focusing o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
6,104 Views
13 Pages

An Assessment of Stability and Strength of a Container Ship for Safety Compliance in Cargo Loading Plans

  • Magdalena Kaup,
  • Dorota Łozowicka,
  • Karolina Baszak and
  • Wojciech Ślączka

29 December 2023

According to accident case studies, one of the causes of accidents involving container ships was often the incorrectly declared weight of the container. For this reason, the International Maritime Organization introduced an amendment to the Internati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,398 Views
29 Pages

Full-Scale Assessment of the “5GT System” for Tracking and Monitoring of Multimodal Dry Containers

  • Mariano Falcitelli,
  • Sandro Noto,
  • Paolo Pagano,
  • Molka Gharbaoui,
  • Agostino Isca,
  • Francesco Fresi,
  • Antonio Mancina,
  • Massimo Toffetti,
  • Antonio Amatruda and
  • Paolo Scalambro
  • + 2 authors

9 December 2024

A novel tracking and monitoring system for ISO 668 dry containers was realized by the ESA-funded “5G SENSOR@SEA” project, integrating 5G cellular technologies for massive Internet of Things with a GEO satellite-optimized backhauling link....

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
6,388 Views
29 Pages

Application of Machine Learning Techniques to the Maritime Industry

  • Miguel Ángel Gómez Ruiz,
  • Iván Martín de Almeida and
  • Rodrigo Pérez Fernández

18 September 2023

The maritime industry is displaying notable interest in the adoption of cutting-edge technologies within the scope of Industry 4.0, aiming to digitalize both companies and processes. At the core of data science lies machine learning, which serves as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
49 Citations
6,531 Views
18 Pages

An Energy Consumption Approach to Estimate Air Emission Reductions in Container Shipping

  • Ernest Czermański,
  • Giuseppe T. Cirella,
  • Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek,
  • Barbara Pawłowska and
  • Theo Notteboom

6 January 2021

Container shipping is the largest producer of emissions within the maritime shipping industry. Hence, measures have been designed and implemented to reduce ship emission levels. IMO’s MARPOL Annex VI, with its future plan of applying Tier III r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,962 Views
24 Pages

17 June 2025

The Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) plays a critical role in assessing vessel efficiency. This study examines the impact of cold ironing (CI) on CII performance by analyzing 183 voyages of container ships. The research evaluates the attained CII val...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,013 Views
25 Pages

Development of a Multi-Radio Device for Dry Container Monitoring and Tracking

  • Mariano Falcitelli,
  • Misal,
  • Sandro Noto and
  • Paolo Pagano

2 April 2024

Maritime shipping companies have identified continuous tracking of intermodal containers as a key tool for increasing shipment reliability and generating important economies of scale. Equipping all dry containers with an Internet-connected tracking d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,550 Views
24 Pages

Liner Schedule Reliability Problem: An Empirical Analysis of Disruptions and Recovery Measures in Container Shipping

  • Jakov Karmelić,
  • Marija Jović Mihanović,
  • Ana Perić Hadžić and
  • David Brčić

20 October 2025

Background: Schedule reliability in container liner services is essential for the efficiency of maritime and inland transport, terminal operations, and the overall supply chain. Disruptions to vessel schedules can trigger a series of disruptions at o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,894 Views
13 Pages

6 June 2022

Shipping emissions, especially those in port areas, have become one of the main concerns of the maritime industry. Shore power has been recognized as a promising way to alleviate the problem. However, shore power has not been extensively adopted in C...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,642 Views
15 Pages

This study investigates the impact of reducing waiting times for port berth on improving the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) ratings of Korean-flagged container ships. As the International Maritime Organization (IMO)’s CII regulation mandates...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,437 Views
11 Pages

Influence of Ships Docking System in the Reduction of CO2 Emissions in Container Ports

  • Emma Díaz-Ruiz-Navamuel,
  • Andrés Ortega Piris,
  • Alfonso-Isidro López-Diaz,
  • Miguel A. Gutiérrez,
  • Manuel Andres Roiz and
  • Jesus M. Oria Chaveli

30 April 2021

Taking into account the increase in the emission of greenhouse gases produced by ships, during navigation and maneuvering in port, a direct consequence of the increase in maritime traffic, the international community has developed a broad set of regu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,940 Views
30 Pages

Maritime Data Collection Framework for Container Port Benchmarking

  • Raimonds Aronietis,
  • Edwin van Hassel and
  • Thierry Vanelslander

Container ports play a crucial role in global maritime trade by serving as key transportation hubs for the movement of goods. Their performance differs due to unique local characteristics, creating a need for benchmarking to improve. Trends in trade...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,904 Views
15 Pages

7 September 2021

The concept of sustainable development is one of the few ideas that require the integration of all areas of human life on earth in order to maintain further development without major disruptions. One such area is maritime transport, including maritim...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,356 Views
25 Pages

Modeling the Truck Appointment System as a Multi-Player Game

  • Mohammad Torkjazi,
  • Nathan Huynh and
  • Ali Asadabadi

Background: Random truck arrivals at maritime container terminals are one of the primary reasons for gate congestion. Gate congestion negatively affects the terminal’s and drayage firms’ productivity and the surrounding communities in ter...

  • Article
  • Open Access
57 Citations
8,007 Views
15 Pages

A major goal for port authorities, operators, and investors is to achieve efficient operations and effective environmental protection. This is because the environmental performance of a container port is important for its competitiveness and sustaina...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,336 Views
24 Pages

23 April 2021

This study considers the empty container repositioning problem of shipping companies that use standard and 3-in-1 foldable containers with more advanced designs. A mathematical model is developed to compare the total management costs of container rep...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
3,753 Views
31 Pages

Resources planning is an important task in a supply chain in order to achieve a good result. The better the utilization of resources, especially scarce resources, the better the performance of a supply chain. This research focuses on allocating two s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
5,920 Views
27 Pages

27 September 2024

As the digital paradigm stimulates changes in various areas, seaports, which are fundamental to logistics and the global supply chain, are also undergoing a digital revolution, evolving into smart ports. Smart gates are essential components in this t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,428 Views
18 Pages

8 March 2021

As international trade and freight volumes increase, there is a growing port congestion problem, leading to the long truck queues at US marine terminal gates. To address this problem, some countermeasures have been proposed and implemented for reduci...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,719 Views
25 Pages

Hydraulic Performance of Geotextile Sand Containers for Coastal Defenses

  • Sara Corvaro,
  • Carlo Lorenzoni,
  • Alessandro Mancinelli,
  • Francesco Marini and
  • Stefania Rocchi

18 September 2022

Laboratory experiments were performed in the wave flume of the Laboratorio di Idraulica e Costruzioni Marittime of the Università Politecnica delle Marche (Ancona, Italy) to study the hydrodynamic performance of coastal protection structures m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,334 Views
17 Pages

31 October 2021

A container terminal is a facility used to collect containers from the hinterland and ports for distribution to the end destination. Based on these essential functions, container terminals often reflect the economic conditions in a country. Many stud...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
14,447 Views
20 Pages

6 February 2020

The intermodal transportation system plays a pivotal role in a global supply chain. Despite the benefits of intermodal transportation, it still has negative impacts, which are associated with congestion and emission. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,396 Views
17 Pages

A Clustering-Based Hybrid Support Vector Regression Model to Predict Container Volume at Seaport Sanitary Facilities

  • Juan Jesús Ruiz-Aguilar,
  • José Antonio Moscoso-López,
  • Daniel Urda,
  • Javier González-Enrique and
  • Ignacio Turias

24 November 2020

An accurate prediction of freight volume at the sanitary facilities of seaports is a key factor to improve planning operations and resource allocation. This study proposes a hybrid approach to forecast container volume at the sanitary facilities of a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
7,389 Views
21 Pages

21 May 2021

This study determines the relationship between the increase in size of dry bulk carriers and container ships and the changes in sustainable shipping performance. It measures the elasticities of shipping costs for bulk carriers and container ships. Us...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
84 Citations
10,466 Views
23 Pages

17 April 2017

This paper presents a comparison of the conventional dual pressure steam Rankine cycle process and the organic Rankine cycle process for marine engine waste heat recovery. The comparison was based on a container vessel, and results are presented for...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,891 Views
16 Pages

Integrated Scheduling of Vessels, Cranes and Trains to Minimize Delays in a Seaport Container Terminal

  • Jesús Muñuzuri,
  • Antonio Lorenzo-Espejo,
  • Ana Pegado-Bardayo and
  • Alejandro Escudero-Santana

16 October 2022

The multiple processes taking place on a daily basis at an intermodal container terminal are often considered individually, given the complexity of their joint consideration. Nevertheless, the integrated planning and scheduling of operations in an in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,193 Views
14 Pages

5 February 2023

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a promising measure to reduce shipping emissions and alleviate air pollution problem, especially in coastal areas. Currently, the lack of a complete infrastructure system is preventing the extensive application of dual-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,137 Views
16 Pages

Comparative Analysis of Train Departure Strategies in a Container Shipment

  • Alessia Giulianetti,
  • Marco Gotelli and
  • Anna Sciomachen

18 September 2024

Background: We focus on the inland rail forwarding of import containers from a marine terminal. Specifically, we present a discrete-event simulation study related to container-loading operations by train, evaluating different train departure policies...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,707 Views
22 Pages

1 August 2024

Deep learning is crucial in marine logistics and container crane error detection, diagnosis, and prediction. A novel deep learning technique using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) detected and anticipated errors in a system with imbalanced data. The LST...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,222 Views
19 Pages

5 March 2021

China Railway Express (CR Express) is a pioneer of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. The intermodal container terminal system consisting of a maritime terminal and a railway terminal is investigated in this paper. I...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
7,716 Views
12 Pages

Experimental Evaluation of an IoT-Based Platform for Maritime Transport Services

  • Sandro Noto,
  • Molka Gharbaoui,
  • Mariano Falcitelli,
  • Barbara Martini,
  • Piero Castoldi and
  • Paolo Pagano

In recent years, the adoption of innovative technologies in maritime transport and logistics systems has become a key aspect towards their development and growth, especially due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of the maritime environment. On...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,119 Views
24 Pages

Solving the Container Relocation Problem by Using a Metaheuristic Genetic Algorithm

  • Marko Gulić,
  • Livia Maglić,
  • Tomislav Krljan and
  • Lovro Maglić

23 July 2022

Maritime transport is the backbone of international trade of goods. Therefore, seaports are of great importance for maritime transport. Container transport plays an important role in maritime transport and is increasing year by year. Containers trans...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
9,911 Views
16 Pages

A Decision-Making Algorithm for Maritime Search and Rescue Plan

  • Donatien Agbissoh OTOTE,
  • Benshuai Li,
  • Bo Ai,
  • Song Gao,
  • Jing Xu,
  • Xiaoying Chen and
  • Guannan Lv

8 April 2019

With the development of the maritime economy, sea traffic is becoming more and more crowded, and sea accidents are also increasing. Research on maritime search and rescue decision-making technology cannot be delayed. This paper studies the maritime s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,177 Views
12 Pages

13 February 2020

The International Maritime Organization (IMO)’s Maritime Safety Committee (MSC), at its 101st session (5 to 14 June 2019), adopted Resolution MSC.467(101) on the guidance on the definition and harmonization of the format and structure of mariti...

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