The connectivity advances in industrial control systems have also increased the possibility of cyberattacks in industry. Thus, security becomes crucial in critical infrastructures, whose services are considered essential in fields such as manufacturi...
Nowadays, people live amidst the smart home domain, while there are business opportunities in industrial smart cities and healthcare. However, there are concerns about security. Security is central for IoT systems to protect sensitive data and infras...
In recent years, the Industry 4.0 paradigm has accelerated the digitalization process of the industry, and it slowly diminishes the line between information technologies (IT) and operational technologies (OT). Among the advantages, this brings up the...
Due to the nature of the industrial control systems (ICS) environment, where process continuity is essential, intentionally initiating a cyberattack to check security controls can cause severe financial and human damage to the organization. Therefore...
Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has gained an abundance of attention in cybersecurity for Industry 4.0 and has shown immense benefits in a large number of applications. AI technologies have paved the way for multiscale security and privacy in...
The food industry stands as one of the most vital manufacturing sectors globally, with an ever-increasing reliance on digitalization and technology-driven processes. However, this advancement comes with an inherent risk of cyberattacks, encompassing...
This paper introduces cognitive adaptivity as a novel framework for addressing human factors in cybersecurity during the Industry 5.0–6.0 transition, with a focus on hard-to-abate industries where digital transformation intersects sustainabilit...
Cities have grown in development and sophistication throughout human history. Smart cities are the current incarnation of this process, with increased complexity and social importance. This complexity has come to involve significant digital component...
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) continue to face significant cybersecurity challenges due to limited financial resources, technical capacity, and awareness. This study addresses these issues by pursuing four key objectives: (1) conducting a...
The advance of industrialization regarding the optimization of production to obtain greater productivity and consequently generate more profits has led to the emergence of Industry 4.0, which aims to create an environment called smart manufacturing....
The article explores the importance of cybersecurity in Industry 4.0, specifically focusing on safeguarding industrial automation systems from cyberattacks. It discusses essential security measures, network monitoring, and employee training, emphasiz...
IT technologies related to Industry 4.0 facilitate the implementation of the framework for sustainable manufacturing. At the same time, Industry 4.0 integrates IT processes and systems of production companies with IT solutions of cooperating companie...
The growth of Agentic AI systems in Industrial Automation has brought forth new cybersecurity issues which in turn put at risk the reliability and integrity of these systems. In this study we look at the cybersecurity issues in industrial automation...
Cybersecurity vulnerabilities in industrial control systems have been steadily increasing over the last few years. One possible way to address this issue is through raising the awareness (through education) of software developers, with the intent to...
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are paradigms that are driving current industrial revolution by connecting to the Internet industrial machinery, management tools or products so as to control and gather data about them. The probl...
The article examines modern approaches to energy management in the context of the development of Industry 5.0 with a particular focus on cybersecurity. Key tenets of Industry 5.0 are discussed, including the integration of advanced technologies with...
The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools into mechanical devices in routine use within the aviation industry has heightened cyber-security concerns. The extent of the inherent vulnerabilities in the software tools that...
Traditional security detection methods struggle to identify zero-day attacks in Industrial Control Systems (ICSs), particularly within critical infrastructures (CIs) integrated with the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). These attacks exploit unkn...
The design of cooperative applications combining several unmanned aerial and aquatic vehicles is now possible thanks to the considerable advancements in wireless communication technology and the low production costs for small, unmanned vehicles. For...
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) ecosystem faces increased risks and vulnerabilities due to adopting Industry 4.0 standards. Integrating data from various places and converging several systems have heightened the need for robust security meas...
The current advancement of robotics, especially in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), leads to a prominent combination between the mining industry and connected-embedded technologies. This progress has arisen in the form of state-of-the-art automated gian...
The first part of this paper discusses the research context, taking a closer look at the development of Industry 4.0 and the growing importance of the IIoT, which entails new cybersecurity challenges. The issue of cyber threats and the need to increa...
In Industry 4.0, manufacturing and critical systems require high levels of flexibility and resilience for dynamic outcomes. Industrial Control Systems (ICS), specifically Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, are commonly used for...
Technology is rapidly advancing and every aspect of life is being digitalized. Since technology has made life much better and easier, so organizations, such as businesses, industries, companies and educational institutes, etc., are using it. Despite...
This article provides a general overview of the communication protocols used in the IEC61850 standard for the automation of electrical substations. Specifically, it examines the GOOSE and R-GOOSE protocols, which are used for exchanging various types...
Industrial Control Systems are an essential part of our daily lives and can be found in industries such as oil, utilities, and manufacturing. Rapid growth in technology has introduced industrial components with network capabilities that allow them to...
This research addresses the dearth of real-world data required for effective neural network model building, delving into the crucial field of industrial control and automation system (ICS) cybersecurity. Cyberattacks against ICS are first identified...
This paper provides the complete details of current challenges and solutions in the cybersecurity of cyber-physical systems (CPS) within the context of the IIoT and its integration with edge computing (IIoT–edge computing). We systematically co...
If we look at the chronology of transitions between successive stages of industrialization, it is impossible not to notice a significant acceleration. There were 100 years between the industrial revolutions from 2.0 to 3.0, and only half a century pa...
As technology advances and digitalization becomes more prevalent in the industry, the cyber threats to maritime systems and operations have significantly increased. The maritime sector relies heavily on interconnected networks, communication systems,...
The convergence of Information Technologies and Operational Technology systems in industrial networks presents many challenges related to availability, integrity, and confidentiality. In this paper, we evaluate the various cybersecurity risks in indu...
Industry 5.0 represents a paradigm shift toward human–AI collaboration in manufacturing, incorporating unprecedented volumes of robots, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, Augmented/Virtual Reality (AR/VR) systems, and smart devices. This extensi...
Recently, there has been enormous development due to advancements in technology. Industries and enterprises are moving towards a digital system, and the oil and gas industries are no exception. There are several threats and risks in digital systems,...
Industrial IoT (IIoT) is a novel concept of a fully connected, transparent, automated, and intelligent factory setup improving manufacturing processes and efficiency. To achieve this, existing hierarchical models must transition to a fully connected...
In the current digital transformation to Industry 4.0, the demands on the ability of countries to react responsibly and effectively to threats in the field of cyber security (CS) are increasing. Cyber safety is one of the pillars and concepts of Indu...
With the rise of Industry 4.0, control systems have taken on increasing importance in industrial processes, and ensuring their security has become a pressing issue. While recent research has focused on cybersecurity threats, the security risks inhere...
The concepts brought by Industry 4.0 have been explored and gradually applied.The cybersecurity impacts on the progress of Industry 4.0 implementations and their interactions with other technologies require constant surveillance, and it is important...
In addressing the challenges of cyber threats in the South African construction sector, the study employed a quantitative methodology involving a questionnaire retrieved from 86 of the study’s respondents. It employed tools like mean item score...
Software security is an important topic that is gaining more and more attention due to the rising number of publicly known cybersecurity incidents. Previous research has shown that one way to address software security is by means of a serious game, t...
The maritime industry is undergoing a digital transformation, integrating automation, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) to enhance operational efficiency and safety. However, this technological evolution has also increase...
Recently, advancements in digital twin and extended reality (XR) technologies, along with industrial control systems (ICSs), have driven the transition to Industry 5.0. Digital twins mimic and simulate real-world systems and play a crucial role in va...
The increasing adoption of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has led to significant improvements in operational efficiency but has also brought new challenges for cybersecurity. To address these challenges, a number of standards have been intr...
The next-generation “Industrial Internet of Things” (IIoT) will support “Machine-to-Machine” (M2M) communications for smart Cyber-Physical-Systems and Industry 4.0, and require guaranteed cyber-security. This paper explores ha...
The use of sensors and actuators as a form of controlling cyber-physical systems in resource networks has been integrated and referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT). However, the connectivity of many stand-alone IoT systems through the Internet...
The electric power grid constitutes a foundational pillar of modern critical infrastructure (CI), underpinning societal functionality and global economic stability. Yet, the increasing convergence of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Techno...
Asset discovery in critical infrastructures, and in particular within industrial control systems, constitutes a fundamental cybersecurity function. Ensuring accurate and comprehensive asset visibility while maintaining operational continuity represen...
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are vital in automating complex tasks across various sectors, yet they face significant vulnerabilities due to the rising threats of cybersecurity attacks. The recent surge in cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure (CI)...
As security breaches are increasingly widely reported in today’s culture, cybersecurity is gaining attention on a global scale. Threat modeling methods (TMM) are a proactive security practice that is essential for pinpointing risks and limiting...
The rapid expansion of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has revolutionized industrial automation and introduced significant cybersecurity challenges, particularly for supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. Traditional intru...
This article outlines an integrated functional safety and cybersecurity evaluation approach within a framework for business continuity management (BCM) in energy companies, including those using Industry 4.0 business and technical solutions. In such...
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