The postulate of universal conformal (local Weyl scaling) symmetry modifies both general relativity and the Higgs scalar field model. The conformal Higgs model (CHM) generates an effective cosmological constant that fits the observed accelerating Hub...
Murthy et al. (2025) (hereafter Paper I) have recently reported the discovery of unexpectedly bright diffuse extreme-ultraviolet radiation at high latitudes in both the Northern and Southern Galactic Hemispheres. After correction for extinction by th...
The spatial-dependent-propagation (SDP) model with a nearby source works well to reproduce the coevolving features of both cosmic-ray (CR)-nuclei spectra and anisotropy. However, it is well known that the Sun is actually deviating from the galactic d...
Although there is overwhelming evidence for the existence of dark matter, the nature of dark matter remains largely unknown. Neutrino telescopes are powerful tools to search indirectly for dark matter, through the detection of neutrinos produced duri...
Magnetic fields may relax dissipatively to the minimum energy force-free condition whenever they are not constantly created or distorted. We review the axially symmetric solutions for force-free magnetic fields, especially for the non-linear field. A...
Magnetic fields in the discs of spiral galaxies are quite well understood, although, of course, many details still require investigation and future observations with new generations of radio telescopes will be valuable here. Magnetic configurations a...
This short review examines recent progress in understanding dark matter, dark energy, and galactic halos using theory that departs minimally from standard particle physics and cosmology. Strict conformal symmetry (local Weyl scaling covariance), post...
Galactic dynamics is the foundation for simulating galactic structure and for solving other problems. However, the traditional dynamic equations include some unreasonable assumptions and are therefore scientifically invalid. In this paper, by introdu...
We make use of recent estimates for the parameters of the Milky Way’s halo globular clusters and study the influence of the galactic bar on the dynamics of these clusters by computing their orbits. We use both an axisymmetric and non-axisymmetr...
Cosmic Rays (CRs) are powerful tools for the investigation of the structure of the magnetic fields in the galactic halo and the properties of the Inter-Stellar Medium. There are two parameters of CR propagation models: The galactic halo (half-) thick...
Radio continuum and polarization observations reveal best the magnetic field structure and strength in nearby spiral galaxies. They show a similar magnetic field pattern, which is of spiral shape along the disk plane and X-shaped in the halo, sometim...
The postulate of universal Weyl conformal symmetry for all elementary physical fields introduces nonclassical gravitational effects in both conformal gravitation (CG) and the conformal Higgs model (CHM). The resulting theory is found to explain major...
Cosmic rays are a powerful tool for the investigation of the structure of the magnetic fields in the Galactic halo and the properties of the inter-stellar medium. Two parameters of the cosmic ray propagation models, the Galactic halo (half) thickness...
The Fermi bubbles were possibly created by large injections of energy into the Galactic Center (GC), either by an active galactic nucleus (AGN) or by nuclear starburst more than ~10 Myr ago. However, the origin of the diffuse gamma-ray emission assoc...
As galactic halos are not directly visible, there are many ambiguities regarding their composition and rotational velocity. Though most of the dark matter is non-baryonic, some fraction is, and it can be used to trace the halo rotation. Asymmetries i...
Deep photometric surveys of the Milky Way have revealed diffuse structures encircling our Galaxy far beyond the “classical” limits of the stellar disk. This paper reviews results from our own and other observational programs, which together suggest t...
Searches for “dark” subhaloes in gamma-ray point-like source catalogues are among promising strategies for indirect dark matter detection. Such a search is nevertheless affected by uncertainties related, on the one hand, to the modelling...
To explain rotation curves of spiral galaxies through Newtonian orbital models, massive halos of non-baryonic dark matter (NBDM) are commonly invoked. The postulated properties are that NBDM interacts gravitationally with baryonic matter, yet negligi...
The cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm successfully explains the cosmic structure over an enormous span of redshifts. However, it fails when probing the innermost regions of dark matter halos and the properties of the Milky Way’s dwarf galaxy satellites...
Chemical abundances of cobalt (Co; Z = 27) and copper (Cu; Z = 29) in bulge and halo stars are presented and compared with chemical evolution models. The aim is to distinguish if Co and Cu are dominantly produced by neutron-capture or the alpha-rich...
The postulate of universal local Weyl scaling (conformal) symmetry modifies both general relativity and the Higgs scalar field model. The conformal Higgs model (CHM) acquires a cosmological effect that fits the observed accelerating Hubble expansion...
Using the RR Lyrae surveys Gaia DR3 Specific Objects Study, PanSTARRS1 and ASAS-SN-II, we determine the Milky Way’s thick disc scale length and scale height as well as the radial scale length of the galaxy’s inner halo. We use a Bayesian...
The age measurement of the stellar halo component of the Galaxy is based mainly on the comparison of the main sequence turn-off luminosity of the globular cluster (GC) stars with theoretical isochrones. The standard procedure includes a vertical shif...
We considered a vacuum polarization inside a galaxy in the eikonal approximation and found that two possible types of polarization exist. The first type is described by the equation of state
We explore wormhole geometry in spiral galaxies under the third order Lovelock gravity. Using the cubic spline interpolation technique, we find the rotational velocity of test particles in the halo region of our spiral galaxy from observed values of...
Faraday tomography allows us to study the distribution and properties of the magnetoionic medium of galaxies through the Faraday effect. However, this can be achieved only after the Faraday spectrum is interpreted. One approach is using galactic ISM/...
The nature of dark matter (DM) is one of the most relevant questions in modern astrophysics. We present a brief overview of recent results that inquire into the possible fermionic quantum nature of the DM particles, focusing mainly on the interconnec...
The flattening of spiral-galaxy rotation curves is unnatural in view of the expectations from Kepler’s third law and a central mass. It is interesting, however, that the radius-independence velocity is what one expects in one less dimension. In our t...
We propose a simple geometrical mechanism for the flattening of galactic rotation curves at large distances, the local compression of field lines around their planes induced either by the presence of thin string-like objects at the centers of galaxie...
We use observations of the neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) 21-cm emission line to study the spatial distribution of the HI gas in a 80°
TYC 622-742-1 and TYC 1193-1918-1 are evolved metal-poor (MP) high-speed stars with r-enhanced characteristics discovered in the Milky Way (MW) halo. The study of these halo stars is important for clarification of and knowledge about their origin. We...
The CHANG-ES (Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies) survey of 35 nearby edge-on galaxies is revealing new and sometimes unexpected and startling results in their radio continuum emission. The observations were in wide bandwidths centred at 1.6 and 6.0...
With the upcoming release of the Gaia catalog and the many multiplexed spectroscopic surveys on the horizon, we are rapidly moving into a new data-driven era in the study of the Milky Way’s stellar halo. When combined, these data sets will give us a...
Magnetic fields in the universe play an essential role in observations of the radio synchrotron continuum; however, we do not know enough about them, either observationally or theoretically. We are interested in galactic magnetic fields because they...
Two enigmatic gamma-ray features in the galactic central region, known as Fermi Bubbles (FBs), were found from Fermi-LAT data. An energy release, (e.g., by tidal disruption events in the Galactic Center, GC), generates a cavity with a shock that expa...
A recent study using weak gravitational lensing revealed that the rotation curves of some isolated galaxies are found at a very large distance from their galactic centres. This may provide strong evidence supporting Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND)...
In this paper, I review our understanding of how jet feedback works in star-forming galaxies. There are some interesting differences to radiative feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Jets act on galaxy haloes as well as on dense gas, for examp...
Galactic feedback (i.e., outflows) plays a fundamental role in regulating galaxy formation and evolution. We investigate the physical properties of galactic outflows in a sample of 29 local low-metallicity dwarf galaxies drawn from the Dwarf Galaxy S...
First of all, we show that any spherically symmetric galactic model with integrated mass profile
The co-evolution between supermassive black holes and their environment is most directly traced by the hot atmospheres of dark matter halos. The cooling of the hot atmosphere supplies the central regions with fresh gas, igniting active galactic nucle...
When dealing with galactic dynamics, or more specifically, with galactic rotation curves, one basic assumption is always taken: the frame of reference relative to which the rotational velocities are given is assumed to be inertial. In other words, fi...
The baryonic mass–velocity relation provides an important test of different galaxy dynamics models such as Lambda–cold dark matter (
According to some theoretical models, primordial black holes with masses of more than 108 solar masses could be born in the early universe, and their possible observational manifestations have been investigated in a number of works. Dense dark matter...
We study a perturbation theory for embedding gravity equations in a background for which corrections to the embedding function are linear with respect to corrections to the flat metric. The remaining arbitrariness after solving the linearized field e...
The co-evolution between supermassive black holes and their environment is most directly traced by the hot atmospheres of dark matter halos. The cooling of the hot atmosphere supplies the central regions with fresh gas, igniting active galactic nucle...
The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) form the closest interacting galactic system to the Milky Way, therewith providing a laboratory to test cosmological models in the local Universe. We quantify the likelihood for the Magellanic Cloud...
The aim of this paper is to test the need for non-baryonic dark matter in the context of galactic rotation and the apparent difference between distributions of galactic mass and luminosity. We present a set of rotation curves and 3.6 μm surface br...
We review the current status of the study of rotation curve (RC) of the Milky Way, and present a unified RC from the Galactic Center to the galacto-centric distance of about 100 kpc. The RC is used to directly calculate the distribution of the surfac...
The dynamics of the satellite systems of Milky-Way-like galaxies offer a useful means by which to study the galaxy formation process in the cosmological context. It has been suggested that the currently observed anisotropic distribution of the satell...
Dynamical friction implies a consistency check on any system where dark matter particles are hypothesised to explain orbital dynamics requiring more mass under Newtonian gravity than is directly detectable. Introducing the assumption of a dominant da...
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