1,608 Results Found

A previous study showed that high-glucose (HG) conditions induce mitochondria fragmentation through the calcium-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in H9C2 cells. This study tested whether empagliflozin could pr...

Bone homeostasis is regulated by the balanced actions of osteoblasts that form the bone and osteoclasts (OCs) that resorb the bone. Bone-resorbing OCs are differentiated from hematopoietic monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, whereas osteoblasts are de...

(1) Background: Oenothein B, a cyclic dimeric ellagitannin present in various medicinal plants, has been reported to exert diverse effects that are beneficial for the treatment and prevention of diseases, including cancer and infections. We recently...

Hyperoxia contributes to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of infants that is characterized by interrupted alveologenesis. Disrupted angiogenesis inhibits alveologenesis, but the mechanisms of disrupted angi...

(1) Background: Extracellular signal-regulating kinase 5 (ERK5) has been implicated in many cellular functions, including survival, proliferation, and vascularization. Our objectives were to examine the expression and effect of ERK5 in clear cell ren...

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor, PD98059, on high blood pressure and related vascular changes. Blood pressure was recorded, thicknesses of renal small artery wall...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a morbid lung disease distinguished by lung alveolar and vascular simplification. Hyperoxia, an important BPD causative factor, increases extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)-1/2 expression, whereas decreas...

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) induces the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway via TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1). We recently reported that isopanduratin A inhibited the TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling pathway in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a significant lung morbidity of infants, and disrupted lung angiogenesis is a hallmark of this disease. We observed that extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 suppo...

A key reason for the persistently grim statistics associated with metastatic ovarian cancer is resistance to conventional agents, including platinum-based chemotherapies. A major source of treatment failure is the high degree of genetic and molecular...

Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI). However, the molecular mechanisms remain widely unknown. STC-1 inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas most ROS-mediated pathways are associated with ischemic...

Pancreatic β-cell failure and death is considered to be one of the main factors responsible for type 2 diabetes. It is caused by, in addition to hyperglycemia, chronic exposure to increased concentrations of fatty acids, mainly saturated fatty acids....

Sugar substitutes have been recommended to be used for weight and glycemic control. However, numerous studies indicate that consumption of artificial sweeteners exerts adverse effects on glycemic homeostasis. Although sucralose is among the most exte...

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common birth defects derived from abnormalities in renal differentiation during embryogenesis. CAKUT is the major cause of end-stage renal disease and chronic kidney diseases in childre...

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (ERK3) is an atypical member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. It harbors a kinase domain in the N-terminus and a long C-terminus extension. The C-terminus extension comprises a conserved i...

In response to extracellular stimuli, the Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway regulates diverse cellular processes. While mainly known as a mitogenic signaling pathway, the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway can mediate not only cell prolife...

It has been shown that saturated fatty acids (FAs) have a detrimental effect on pancreatic β-cells function and survival, leading to apoptosis, whereas unsaturated FAs are well tolerated and are even capable of inhibiting the pro-apoptotic effect of...

Transient receptor potential melastatin-3 (TRPM3) channels are cation channels activated by heat and chemical ligands. TRPM3 regulates heat sensation, secretion, neurotransmitter release, iris constriction, and tumor promotion. Stimulation of TRPM3 t...

Neuroinflammation causes various neurological disorders, including depression and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, regulation of neuroinflammation is a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammation-related neurological disorders. This study a...

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are secondary metabolites found in diverse marine, freshwater, and terrestrial organisms. Evidence suggests that MAAs have several beneficial effects on skin homeostasis such as protection against UV radiation and...

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a well-documented pro-oncogenic factor in different cancers, but relatively little is known on its biological activity in neuroblastoma. The LPA effects and the participation of the tyrosine kinase receptor anaplastic l...

Nicotine is the predominant addictive compound of tobacco and causes the acquisition of dependence through its interactions with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and various neurotransmitter releases in the central nervous system. The Ca2+/calmoduli...

Non-integrin 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) is involved in cell adherence to the basement membrane, and it regulates the interactions between laminin and other receptors. The dysfunction of 67LR leads to serum extravasation via blood-brain barrier (B...

Sepsis is the leading cause of death in intensive care units worldwide. Current treatments of sepsis are largely supportive and clinical trials using specific pharmacotherapy for sepsis have failed to improve outcomes. Here, we used the lipopolysacch...

JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), a ubiquitous human pathogen, is the etiological agent of the fatal neurodegenerative disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Like most viruses, JCPyV infection requires the activation of host-cell signaling...

Prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) is a serine protease that binds to alpha-synuclein (aSyn) and induces its aggregation. PREP inhibitors have been shown to have beneficial effects in Parkinson’s disease models by enhancing the clearance of aSyn aggregates...

The anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanism of 6,8-diprenyl-7,4′-dihydroxyflavanone (DDF), one of the flavanones found in Sophora tonkinensis, were assessed in vitro through macrophage-mediated inflammation in the present study. The anti-in...

Protein kinases orchestrate diverse cellular functions; however, their dysregulation is linked to metabolic dysfunctions, associated with many diseases, including cancer. Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) kinase is a notoriously oncogenic signaling pat...

Regulation of melanogenesis has been the focus of treatment for hyperpigmentary skin disorders. Although hesperidin is one of the most well-known, naturally occurring flavonoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, its anti-melanogenic effe...

Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug of the biguanide class, exerts positive effects in several non-diabetes-related diseases. In this study, we aimed to examine the protective effects of metformin against N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced exc...

Glutamate excitotoxicity induces neuronal cell death during epileptic seizures. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) expression is highly increased in the brains of epilepsy patients; however, the underlying mechanisms by which DAPK1 influences...

Sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) normalizes glucose metabolism in the liver and muscle, activating the Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway. Because this pathway controls neuronal survival and differentia...

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a novel RNA virus that has been causing substantial economic losses across the global tilapia industry. Despite extensive research on potential vaccines and disease control methods, the understanding of this viral infecti...

The human Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) is a plasma membrane transport protein that plays an important role in pH regulation in mammalian cells. Because of the generation of protons by intermediary metabolism as well as the negative membrane pote...

Studying multidimensional signaling of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in search of new and better treatments requires flexible, reliable and sensitive assays in high throughput screening (HTS) formats. Today, more than half of the detection tech...

The objective of this study is to investigate the contributing effect of the nuclear transcription factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated signaling pathway on the indirect antioxidant capacity of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) again...

MicroRNAs have been demonstrated as key regulators of gene expression in the etiology of a range of diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, we identified miR-483-5p as the most upregulated miRNA amongst a panel of miRNAs in blood plasm...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease, after Alzheimer’s disease. In our previous study, we found that amber—a fossilized plant resin—can protect cells from apoptosis by decre...

The liver has a most indispensable role in glucose and lipid metabolism where we see some of the most serious worldwide health problems. The serine protease prostasin (PRSS8) cleaves toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and regulates hepatic insulin sensitivi...

A variety of natural compounds have been shown to modulate T cell receptor (TCR) activation, including natural sesquiterpene lactones (SLs). In the present studies, we evaluated the biological activity of 11 novel semi-synthetic SLs to determine thei...

Tendon adhesions are one of the most concerning complications after surgical repair of flexor tendon injury. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 2 plays crucial roles in fibroblast proliferation and collagen expression which contributes to th...

Aspirin causes gastrotoxicity and damaged epithelial defense via cyclooxygenase inhibition. C-phycocyanin (CPC) and Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP), an active ingredient of Spirulina platensis and wolfberry, respectively, exerted antioxidation,...

As a biased agonist, peptide angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) receptor ligand antagonizes Ang II-stimulated G protein signaling but stimulates several kinase pathways. Here, we developed a non-peptide AT1 receptor compound as a biased ligand. We...

Hair growth is regulated by the interaction between dermal papilla cells (DPC) and other cells inside the hair follicle. Here, we show the effect and action mechanism of mackerel-derived fermented fish oil (FFO) extract and its component docosahexaen...

Neurotropin® (NTP), a non-protein extract of inflamed rabbit skin inoculated with vaccinia virus, is clinically used for the treatment of neuropathic pain in Japan and China, although its effect on peripheral nerve regeneration remains to be elucidat...

The current anti-cancer treatments are not enough to eradicate tumors, and therefore, new modalities and strategies are still needed. Most tumors generate an inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) and maintain the niche for their development. Beca...

We previously demonstrated that orally supplemented Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 (B. breve MCC1274) mitigated Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathologies in both 7-month-old AppNL-G-F mice and wild-type mice; thus, B. breve MCC1274 supplementation mi...

Osteogenesis in human arterial smooth muscle cell (HASMC) is a key feature of uremic vascular calcification (UVC). Concerning pro-oxidant properties of p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), the therapeutic effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger on PCS t...

B-Myb is a transcription factor that is overexpressed and plays an oncogenic role in several types of human cancers. However, its potential implication in lung cancer remains elusive. In the present study, we have for the first time investigated the...

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common factor in limiting therapy which can result in therapy cessation or dose reduction. Gabapentin, a calcium channel inhibitor, and duloxetine, a serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, are used...