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33 Results Found

  • Review
  • Open Access
48 Citations
9,313 Views
17 Pages

4 May 2020

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is often the first clinically relevant pathogen encountered in life, with nearly all children infected by two years of age. Many studies have also linked early-life severe respiratory viral infection with more pathog...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue From RSV to hMPV: Role of Innate Immunity in Pathogenesis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
6,171 Views
16 Pages

NLRP3-Inflammasome Inhibition during Respiratory Virus Infection Abrogates Lung Immunopathology and Long-Term Airway Disease Development

  • Carrie-Anne Malinczak,
  • Charles F. Schuler,
  • Angela J. Duran,
  • Andrew J. Rasky,
  • Mohamed M. Mire,
  • Gabriel Núñez,
  • Nicholas W. Lukacs and
  • Wendy Fonseca

16 April 2021

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects most infants by two years of age. It can cause severe disease leading to an increased risk of developing asthma later in life. Previously, our group has shown that RSV infection in mice and infants promotes I...

(This article belongs to the Section Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,771 Views
11 Pages

18 October 2024

Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection during early life has been linked to gut dysbiosis, which correlates with increased disease severity and a higher risk of developing asthma later in life. However, the impact of such early-life RSV i...

(This article belongs to the Section Cellular Immunology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,203 Views
19 Pages

Changes in Microbiome Correspond with Diminished Lung Pathophysiology Following Early-Life Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection or Antibiotic Treatment: Microbiome Following RSV Infection

  • Kazuma Yagi,
  • Alexander D. Ethridge,
  • Nobuhiro Asai,
  • Carrie-Anne Malinczak,
  • Llilian Arzola Martinez,
  • Andrew J. Rasky,
  • Susan B. Morris,
  • Nicole R. Falkowski,
  • Wendy Fonseca and
  • Nicholas W. Lukacs
  • + 1 author

17 December 2025

Early-life respiratory syncytial virus (EL-RSV) infection has been implicated in long-term pulmonary disease in children. In these studies, neonatal BALB/c mice were infected at day 7 of life, leading to >35% losses in critical lung function, airw...

(This article belongs to the Section Human Virology and Viral Diseases)
  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
6,362 Views
13 Pages

Metabolic Reprogramming of Nasal Airway Epithelial Cells Following Infant Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

  • Andrew R. Connelly,
  • Brian M. Jeong,
  • Mackenzie E. Coden,
  • Jacob Y. Cao,
  • Tatiana Chirkova,
  • Christian Rosas-Salazar,
  • Jacqueline-Yvonne Cephus,
  • Larry J. Anderson,
  • Dawn C. Newcomb and
  • Sergejs Berdnikovs
  • + 1 author

13 October 2021

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a seasonal mucosal pathogen that infects the ciliated respiratory epithelium and results in the most severe morbidity in the first six months of life. RSV is a common cause of acute respiratory infection during in...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation Technologies to Understand Mechanisms of Virus Infections)
  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,024 Views
19 Pages

Predictive Factors and Clinical Markers of Recurrent Wheezing and Asthma After RSV Infection

  • Luca Buttarelli,
  • Elisa Caselli,
  • Sofia Gerevini,
  • Pietro Leuratti,
  • Antonella Gambadauro,
  • Sara Manti and
  • Susanna Esposito

31 July 2025

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) in young children, especially bronchiolitis, with significant global health and economic impact. Increasing evidence links early-life RSV infection to lo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue RSV Epidemiological Surveillance: 2nd Edition)
  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,759 Views
16 Pages

The Complexity of Immunoglobulin A Immune Responses in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

  • Ashley Ferrier Esposito,
  • Diego R. Hijano and
  • Stephania A. Cormier

23 January 2026

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants worldwide. Despite extensive study in animal models and humans, fundamental age-dependent differences in mucosal immunity continue to limit...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Understanding Viral Pathogenesis and Host Immune Responses to Arboviruses and Respiratory Viruses)
  • Review
  • Open Access
586 Views
25 Pages

Immune Mechanisms Underlying Neonatal Protection Following Maternal RSV Vaccination

  • Aikaterini I. Nikolaou,
  • Vasileios Giapros,
  • Maria Alexandra Kefala,
  • Nikolaos G. Papanikolaou,
  • Maria Baltogianni and
  • Fani Ladomenou

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in early infancy, a period characterized by immunological immaturity and limited capacity for effective antiviral responses. Maternal RSV vaccination...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maternal–Fetal Immunity and Antibody Transfer: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,686 Views
28 Pages

Murine Neonatal Oxidant Lung Injury: NRF2-Dependent Predisposition to Adulthood Respiratory Viral Infection and Protection by Maternal Antioxidant

  • Hye-Youn Cho,
  • Laura Miller-DeGraff,
  • Ligon A. Perrow,
  • Wesley Gladwell,
  • Vijayalakshmi Panduri,
  • Fred B. Lih and
  • Steven R. Kleeberger

24 November 2021

NRF2 protects against oxidant-associated airway disorders via cytoprotective gene induction. To examine if NRF2 is an important determinant of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) susceptibility after neonate lung injury, Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2−/&mi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue NRF2 in Health and Diseases)
  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,352 Views
23 Pages

Determinants of Maternal RSV Vaccination Uptake: A Narrative Review

  • Aikaterini I. Nikolaou,
  • Alexandra Soldatou,
  • Georgia-Christiana Grantzi,
  • Vasileios Giapros and
  • Fani Ladomenou

26 March 2026

Maternal vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents a major advance in early-life infection prevention. Although clinical efficacy and early real-world effectiveness are well established, sustained population-level impact depend...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination in Pregnancy and Early Life: Evidence, Challenges, and Innovations)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,001 Views
13 Pages

Impact of Seasonal Nirsevimab Administration in Infants Born During the RSV Circulation Period on RSV-Related Hospitalizations: A Population-Based Study from Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy

  • Susanna Esposito,
  • Matteo Puntoni,
  • Giuseppe Maglietta,
  • Alessandro De Fanti,
  • Chiara Ghizzi,
  • Giacomo Biasucci,
  • Federico Marchetti,
  • Melodie Olivia Aricò,
  • Gianluca Vergine and
  • Caterina Caminiti
  • + 11 authors

14 February 2026

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalization in early infancy, with the greatest burden occurring in the first months of life. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries experienced intensified RSV circulat...

(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology and Vaccination)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
6,195 Views
9 Pages

Age-Related Effect of Viral-Induced Wheezing in Severe Prematurity

  • Geovanny F. Perez,
  • Amisha Jain,
  • Bassem Kurdi,
  • Rosemary Megalaa,
  • Krishna Pancham,
  • Shehlanoor Huseni,
  • Natalia Isaza,
  • Carlos E. Rodriguez-Martinez,
  • Mary C. Rose and
  • Gustavo Nino
  • + 1 author

20 October 2016

Premature children are prone to severe viral respiratory infections in early life, but the age at which susceptibility peaks and disappears for each pathogen is unclear. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of the age distribution and clin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,515 Views
11 Pages

IFN-γ Attenuates Eosinophilic Inflammation but Is Not Essential for Protection against RSV-Enhanced Asthmatic Comorbidity in Adult Mice

  • Abenaya Muralidharan,
  • Md Bashir Uddin,
  • Christopher Bauer,
  • Wenzhe Wu,
  • Xiaoyong Bao and
  • Keer Sun

14 January 2022

The susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in early life has been associated with a deficient T-helper cell type 1 (Th1) response. Conversely, healthy adults generally do not exhibit severe illness from RSV infection. In the cu...

(This article belongs to the Section Animal Viruses)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,588 Views
18 Pages

Micro-CT Features of Lung Consolidation, Collagen Deposition and Inflammation in Experimental RSV Infection Are Aggravated in the Absence of Nrf2

  • Teodora Ivanciuc,
  • Igor Patrikeev,
  • Yue Qu,
  • Massoud Motamedi,
  • Yava Jones-Hall,
  • Antonella Casola and
  • Roberto P. Garofalo

18 May 2023

Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in early life have been linked to the development of chronic airway disease. RSV triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contributes to inflammation and enhanced clinical dis...

(This article belongs to the Section Human Virology and Viral Diseases)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,933 Views
25 Pages

Resveratrol (RSV), a bioactive polyphenol, has emerged as a pleiotropic modulator within the integrated pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) across the life course. Effective CVD management requires a transition from organ-centric framewor...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Medicine: Emerging Trends and Future Perspectives)
  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,180 Views
32 Pages

28 February 2026

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children worldwide and continues to impose a substantial disease burden despite recent advances in preventive strategies. Natural inf...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Immune Response and Vaccines: 2nd Edition)
  • Opinion
  • Open Access
668 Views
4 Pages

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection—The Key to Prevent Infantile Disease

  • Vlad Dima,
  • Adrian Ioan Toma and
  • Roxana Elena Bohîlţea

7 December 2022

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a spectrum of respiratory diseases in infants and young children that can lead to hospitalizations and many outpatient visits, resulting in a huge public health and economic burden. Most hospitalizations occur...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,506 Views
13 Pages

Administration Timing of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Preventatives Among Commercially Insured Populations in the United States: 2024–2025 RSV Season

  • Amy W. Law,
  • Danielle C. Mayer,
  • Marjan Zakeri,
  • Nehir Yapar,
  • Alexandra Passarelli,
  • Onur Baser and
  • Pia D. M. MacDonald

Background/Objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of infant hospitalizations in the United States. Prevention strategies are recommended to mitigate severe RSV outcomes. In addition to identifying potential coverage gaps,...

(This article belongs to the Section Vaccines and Public Health)
  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,557 Views
27 Pages

Background/Objectives: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity in children under five, with over 75% experiencing recurrent episodes and an increased risk of asthma by school age, particularly following respiratory syncyt...

(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine)
  • Article
  • Open Access
77 Citations
10,469 Views
11 Pages

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis remains a significant global health burden, particularly in newborns and infants during their first year of life. The quest for an effective preventive strategy against RSV has long been sought, and rec...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue SARS-CoV-2, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses: Epidemiology, Burden of Disease, and Preventive Measures)
  • Review
  • Open Access
18 Citations
15,186 Views
36 Pages

Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A WAidid Consensus Document on New Preventive Options

  • Matteo Riccò,
  • Bahaa Abu-Raya,
  • Giancarlo Icardi,
  • Vana Spoulou,
  • David Greenberg,
  • Oana Falup Pecurariu,
  • Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung,
  • Albert Osterhaus,
  • Vittorio Sambri and
  • Susanna Esposito

25 November 2024

Background/Objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections, particularly affecting young infants, older adults, and individuals with comorbidities. Methods: This document, developed as a consensus by an inte...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine)
  • Review
  • Open Access
821 Views
26 Pages

Maternal Immunization Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus: An Integrative Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Implementation

  • Isadora Rodrigues Almeida,
  • Marcela Fermoselle de Vita Silva,
  • Taline de Brito Cavalcante,
  • Giovanna Alves de Britto,
  • Manuela Cândido Amaral dos Reis,
  • Luis Fernando Lima Bueno,
  • Luana dos Santos Ribeiro,
  • Gustavo Yano Callado,
  • Susana Cristina Aidé Viviani Fialho and
  • Edward Araujo Júnior
  • + 2 authors

16 July 2026

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in young infants and accounts for substantial morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality worldwide, with the highest burden concentrated in the first mont...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Vaccines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV))
  • Review
  • Open Access
18 Citations
6,555 Views
12 Pages

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations in infants and young children globally. Recently, RSV prevention has advanced with the introduction of nirsevimab, a long...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine)
  • Review
  • Open Access
600 Views
17 Pages

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is considered the leading causative agent of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and young children worldwide, which makes it a major contributor to pediatric morbidity and mortality. Infants are especially...

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,640 Views
18 Pages

8 February 2026

Background/Objectives: Maternal immunization against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an emerging strategy to protect infants during early life when they are most vulnerable to severe RSV infection. However, little is known about the willingness...

(This article belongs to the Section Vaccines and Public Health)
  • Article
  • Open Access
433 Views
16 Pages

Maternal Lactobacillus johnsonii Supplementation Is Associated with Altered Offspring Cecal Microbiome and Reduced Cockroach Allergen-Induced Airway Responses in Mice

  • Llilian Arzola Martínez,
  • Alexander D. Ethridge,
  • Andrew J. Rasky,
  • Susan Morris,
  • Kazuma Yagi,
  • Catherine Ptaschinski,
  • Wendy Fonseca and
  • Nicholas W. Lukacs

Background: Early-life microbial exposures shape immune maturation and can influence later susceptibility to allergic airway disease. While probiotics can modulate host immunity, determining whether maternal probiotic supplementation alone promotes c...

(This article belongs to the Section Immunology and Immunotherapy)
  • Article
  • Open Access

22 October 2026

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of hospitalization in infants and young children, with the highest risk of severe disease occurring during early infancy. Age may influence not only disease severity but also the clinical...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue RSV Epidemiological Surveillance: 3rd Edition)
  • Case Report
  • Open Access
2,676 Views
9 Pages

17 September 2025

Systemic viral infections are frequently life-threatening in immunocompromised children. Many viral pathogens are reported to be the cause of morbidity and mortality in these pediatric patients, but scarce evidence is related to respiratory syncytial...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,255 Views
19 Pages

Single-Center Experience in Detecting Influenza Virus, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 at the Emergency Department

  • Manfred Nairz,
  • Theodora Todorovic,
  • Clemens M. Gehrer,
  • Philipp Grubwieser,
  • Francesco Burkert,
  • Martina Zimmermann,
  • Kristina Trattnig,
  • Werner Klotz,
  • Igor Theurl and
  • Günter Weiss
  • + 1 author

8 February 2023

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory tract swabs has become the gold standard for sensitive and specific detection of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 Diagnostics in Clinical Applications and Pandemic Control)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,111 Views
11 Pages

Identifying the Target Population for Primary Respiratory Syncytial Virus Two-Step Prevention in Infants: Normative Outcome of Hospitalisation Assessment for Newborns (NOHAN)

  • Marine Jourdain,
  • Mehdi Benchaib,
  • Dominique Ploin,
  • Yves Gillet,
  • Etienne Javouhey,
  • Come Horvat,
  • Mona Massoud,
  • Marine Butin,
  • Olivier Claris and
  • on behalf of the VRS study group in Lyon
  • + 2 authors

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute respiratory infection- related hospitalisations in infants (RSVh). Most of these infants are younger than 6 months old with no known risk factors. An efficient RSVh preventio...

(This article belongs to the Section Vaccines Against Tropical and Other Infectious Diseases)
  • Review
  • Open Access
863 Views
14 Pages

3 August 2026

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in early infancy, with the highest burden concentrated in the first months of life. Two immunoprophylactic strategies—maternal RSVpreF vaccina...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Vaccines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV))
  • Article
  • Open Access
679 Views
14 Pages

Biomarkers and Risk Factors Associated with Apnea in Hospitalized Infants with Acute Respiratory Infection

  • Julia Dvorkin,
  • Maria Pico,
  • Josefina L. Razzini,
  • Romina Libster,
  • Fernando P. Polack,
  • Mauricio T. Caballero and
  • on behalf of The INFANT Respiratory Network

15 July 2026

Apnea is a potentially life-threatening complication of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in early infancy; however, its determinants remain incompletely understood. Between 2011 and 2013, we conducted a population-based, cross-sectional, mul...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Understanding Viral Pathogenesis and Host Immune Responses to Arboviruses and Respiratory Viruses)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,359 Views
9 Pages

Early Life Factors Associated with Preschool Wheezing in Preterm Infants

  • Ying-Lun Hsu,
  • Hsin-Chun Huang,
  • Ting-Yu Su and
  • I-Lun Chen

26 August 2021

Advanced neonatal care has increased the survival of neonates born prematurely, and prematurity is a well-known risk factor for asthma/wheezing disorders. Thus, this prospective study aimed to determine the early life factors associated with preschoo...