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Maternal–Fetal Immunity and Antibody Transfer: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2027 | Viewed by 275

Editors


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Guest Editor
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Ioannina, Child Health Division, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, GR-45500 Ioannina, Greece
Interests: neonatal medicine; perinatal immunology; maternal–fetal immunity; neonatal infections; respiratory diseases in infancy; immunopathology of early life; maternal immunization; clinical and molecular aspects of neonatal disease
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Guest Editor Assistant
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
Interests: maternal immunization; transplacental antibody transfer; neonatal immunity; Fc receptor biology; antibody glycosylation; placental immunology; host–pathogen interactions; molecular mechanisms of infectious diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Early life represents a period of increased susceptibility to infectious diseases due to the immaturity of the neonatal immune system. Maternal–fetal immune interactions play a pivotal role in shaping neonatal protection, primarily through the transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies. This highly regulated process involves Fc-receptor-mediated transport, particularly via the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), and is further influenced by qualitative antibody characteristics such as glycosylation. Recent advances in maternal immunization strategies, including vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza and SARS-CoV-2, have underscored the importance of optimizing both the quantity and functional properties of transferred antibodies to enhance neonatal immunity.

This Special Issue aims to highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying maternal–fetal immunity and antibody-mediated protection in early life, as well as their clinical implications. We welcome original research and review articles focusing on Fc receptor biology, antibody glycosylation, placental transfer mechanisms and Fc-dependent effector functions. Studies addressing the impact of maternal vaccination on neonatal immune responses, as well as translational and clinically relevant mechanistic insights, are particularly encouraged. As IJMS emphasizes molecular-level research, submissions should prioritize biomolecular and mechanistic approaches, while clinically oriented studies with a strong molecular component are also welcome. We particularly encourage interdisciplinary contributions bridging basic immunology with clinical applications in maternal and neonatal health.

Prof. Dr. Vasileios Giapros
Guest Editor

Dr. Aikaterini Nikolaou
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • maternal immunization
  • transplacental antibody transfer
  • neonatal immunity
  • FcRn
  • antibody glycosylation
  • placental immunology
  • Fc-mediated effector functions
  • maternal–fetal immunity
  • passive immunity

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

25 pages, 1761 KB  
Review
Immune Mechanisms Underlying Neonatal Protection Following Maternal RSV Vaccination
by Aikaterini I. Nikolaou, Vasileios Giapros, Maria Alexandra Kefala, Nikolaos G. Papanikolaou, Maria Baltogianni and Fani Ladomenou
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(14), 6363; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27146363 - 17 Jul 2026
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Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in early infancy, a period characterized by immunological immaturity and limited capacity for effective antiviral responses. Maternal RSV vaccination has emerged as a successful strategy to protect newborns by [...] Read more.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in early infancy, a period characterized by immunological immaturity and limited capacity for effective antiviral responses. Maternal RSV vaccination has emerged as a successful strategy to protect newborns by inducing high concentrations of IgG1-dominant, prefusion F-specific antibodies, which are selectively and actively transported across the placenta. This review synthesizes current mechanistic insights into how maternally derived antibodies confer neonatal protection, focusing on (i) FcRn-mediated transplacental transport, (ii) IgG subclass-specific differences in transfer and half-life, and (iii) the role of Fc glycosylation in modulating Fcγ receptor engagement and effector functions. Beyond neutralization, vaccine-induced antibodies mediate Fc-dependent mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, which may be preferentially enriched in the neonatal circulation. Although emerging systems serology data suggest qualitative selectivity in placental transfer, evidence remains heterogeneous and highlights the need for further clarification of glycosylation-dependent and glycosylation-independent pathways. The timing of vaccination, maternal antibody characteristics, and placental integrity critically influence neonatal antibody levels and the duration of passive immunity. Understanding these molecular determinants is essential for optimizing maternal RSV immunization strategies and improving early-life protection. Full article
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