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Vaccines
Special Issues
Recent Progress of Vaccines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
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Recent Progress of Vaccines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Epidemiology and Vaccination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 2824

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ting Shi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Interests: epidemiology; respiratory disease; global health; respiratory syncytial virus; systematic review; meta-analysis; individual patient data meta-analysis; child health; infectious disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) causes significant morbidity and mortality globally. In recent years, there have been notable advancements in RSV vaccine development, including the recent approval of the first RSV vaccines for pregnant women and older adults, as well as a long-acting monoclonal antibody product for infants.

This Special Issue compiles cutting-edge research, clinical trial findings, implementation strategies, and policy discussions centered around the evolving landscape of RSV immunization products. Topics covered include recent clinical trial data, duration of protection, vaccine uptake, and real-world evidence of vaccine effectiveness.

By emphasizing multidisciplinary efforts across clinical trials, basic science, epidemiology, and public health, this issue aims to inform the global response to RSV and its prevention strategies, promoting the integration of new evidence into national immunization programs across various countries. We welcome contributions that address both scientific innovations and the implementation challenges faced in diverse healthcare settings.

Dr. Ting Shi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Publisher’s Notice

The Special Issue, together with its publications, has been shifted from Section Influenza Virus Vaccines to Section Epidemiology and Vaccination on 24 April 2026. The publications remain available in the regular issues in which they were originally published. The Editorial Office confirms that these articles adhered to MDPI's standard editorial process (https://www.mdpi.com/editorial_process).

Keywords

  • vaccine update
  • vaccine effectiveness
  • vaccine safety
  • clinical trials
  • nirsevimab
  • RSV vaccine

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 211 KB  
Article
Family Decision to Immunize Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Associations with Seasonal Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination
by Leah D. Kaye, Benjamin N. Fogel, Ruth E. Gardner, Brody J. Lipsett, Katherine E. Shedlock, Eric W. Schaefer, Ian M. Paul and Steven D. Hicks
Vaccines 2026, 14(1), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14010085 - 14 Jan 2026
Viewed by 805
Abstract
Background: Nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), reduces medically attended RSV infections. It was introduced in the 2023–24 RSV season. This study examined the association between caregiver vaccination (seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV), COVID-19, and boosters) and intent to immunize infants [...] Read more.
Background: Nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), reduces medically attended RSV infections. It was introduced in the 2023–24 RSV season. This study examined the association between caregiver vaccination (seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV), COVID-19, and boosters) and intent to immunize infants against RSV. Methods: Data from 118 caregivers with infants ≤ 8 months were analyzed. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression assessed the relationship between caregiver vaccination and intent to immunize against RSV. Results: In total, 74.6% of caregivers intended to immunize their infants against RSV. Intent was positively associated with caregiver receipt of a seasonal influenza vaccine (p < 0.001), COVID-19 vaccine (p < 0.001), and COVID-19 booster (p < 0.001). Intent was also associated with older child seasonal vaccination. Caregiver receipt of both COVID-19 vaccinations and boosters had a strong relationship with RSV immunization intent (OR 7.91 (1.90–33.0, p = 0.004)). Conclusions: Caregiver vaccination behaviors are linked to RSV immunization intent, helping physicians identify hesitant families and prepare for immunization conversations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Vaccines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV))
18 pages, 5483 KB  
Article
Molecular Surveillance Reveals F-Gene Mutations and Constrained G-Gene Evolution in Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy in Saudi Arabia
by Mohamed A. Farrag, Ibrahim M. Aziz, Abdulaziz M. Almuqrin, Noorah A. Alkubaisi, Reem M. Aljowaie, Asma N. Alsaleh, Fatimah N. Alanazi, Adel A. Abdulmanea and Fahad N. Almajhdi
Vaccines 2025, 13(12), 1245; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13121245 - 15 Dec 2025
Viewed by 1288
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) is a major global cause of acute lower respiratory infections in children. With recent approval of pre-fusion F protein-based vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, ongoing molecular surveillance is critical. This study examined HRSV molecular epidemiology and evolution in [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) is a major global cause of acute lower respiratory infections in children. With recent approval of pre-fusion F protein-based vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, ongoing molecular surveillance is critical. This study examined HRSV molecular epidemiology and evolution in Riyadh, focusing on mutations in the attachment (G) and fusion (F) glycoproteins and their potential impact on vaccine efficacy. Methods: Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) (200 samples) were collected from pediatric patients. HRSV-positive samples were typed, and the G gene hypervariable region and F gene were sequenced. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify circulating genotypes and amino acid substitutions. Results: HRSV was detected in 15% of samples, with HRSV-B slightly predominant over HRSV-A. Infants aged 2–5 months had the highest incidence rate of infection. The ON1 subgenotype remained dominant. The duplicated region of the G gene showed constrained evolution, with 18 variable and 6 conserved residues over 13 years. In the F protein, HRSV-A isolates exhibited high conservation, with only three amino acid substitutions in antigenic sites (Ø and II). Sites III, IV, and V remained fully conserved. In contrast, HRSV-B isolates displayed eight substitutions in antigenic sites, including six in site II (palivizumab-binding epitope). Conclusions: Given the highly effective HRSV prophylactics, including the approved vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, these mutations raise critical concerns regarding vaccine efficacy against HRSV-B. These findings underscore the necessity of sustained, seasonal molecular surveillance to monitor the emergence of variants and provide a molecular basis for further clinical studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Vaccines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV))
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