Romanian Journal of Preventive Medicine

2 pages, 203 KB

Open AccessEditorial

The Medicine of the Future Is Preventive Medicine

by Roxana Bohîlțea

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2025, 3(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm3010001 - 19 Aug 2025

The publication of the Romanian Journal of Preventive Medicine, in collaboration with MDPI, marks a pivotal moment for our professional community, bringing together specialists from all fields who can contribute to the development of preventive medicine—the medicine of the future [...] Full article

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Open AccessOpinion

Screening and Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Corelated with Evidence-Based International Guidelines 2023 Recommendations

by Silvia-Elena Cîrstoiu and Claudia Mehedințu

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(3), 37-43; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2030037 - 1 Sep 2023

Abstract

The etiology of PCOS is complex, and clinical features are heterogeneous, involving metabolic, cardiovascular, dermatological, psychological, and reproductive changes. The diagnosis is applied using the evidence-based International Guidelines 2018, following the Rotterdam Criteria 2003. Evidence-based guidelines 2023 have additionally provided clear evidence of [...] Read more.

The etiology of PCOS is complex, and clinical features are heterogeneous, involving metabolic, cardiovascular, dermatological, psychological, and reproductive changes. The diagnosis is applied using the evidence-based International Guidelines 2018, following the Rotterdam Criteria 2003. Evidence-based guidelines 2023 have additionally provided clear evidence of PCOS characteristics, which now include cardiovascular disease, with more solid information regarding the prevalence of sleep apnea and endometrial cancer. They have also included features such as the increased prevalence and severity of mood disorders as significant traits of this syndrome. Developing a lifestyle modification plan associated with individual needs is essential in managing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

The Aging Process

by Mãdãlina-Nicoleta Mitroiu and Roxana Elena Bohîlțea

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(3), 31-36; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2030031 - 1 Sep 2023

Abstract

Aging represents the progressive deterioration of physiological integrity. This natural process leads to atrophy, decreased elasticity, and impaired metabolic and reparative responses in the skin. There is an increasing emphasis on “healthy aging.” Chronic sun exposure leads to recurrent damage caused by the [...] Read more.

Aging represents the progressive deterioration of physiological integrity. This natural process leads to atrophy, decreased elasticity, and impaired metabolic and reparative responses in the skin. There is an increasing emphasis on “healthy aging.” Chronic sun exposure leads to recurrent damage caused by the sun’s ultraviolet light, known as photoaging. Environmental factors, in addition to sun exposure, also play a role in photoaging. Numerous studies have confirmed the role of cigarette smoke in accelerating skin aging. There are treatment options available for both types of aging. Full article

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Open AccessOpinion

Iron Supplementation in Pregnancy

by Bianca-Margareta Salmen and Roxana-Elena Bohîlțea

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(3), 26-30; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2030026 - 1 Sep 2023

Abstract

Gestational anemia, characterized by a decrease in red blood cell mass during pregnancy, remains a pervasive global health concern, affecting maternal well-being and fetal development. We have described the physiological changes inherent in pregnancy that predispose women to iron deficiency, emphasizing the increased [...] Read more.

Gestational anemia, characterized by a decrease in red blood cell mass during pregnancy, remains a pervasive global health concern, affecting maternal well-being and fetal development. We have described the physiological changes inherent in pregnancy that predispose women to iron deficiency, emphasizing the increased demand for iron to support the growing fetus and the expansion of maternal blood volume. We explored the challenges in diagnosing and managing gestational anemia, considering the nuanced interplay of genetic, dietary, and socioeconomic factors that influence iron status, based on the national guideline recommendations. By enhancing our understanding of these complex dynamics, we aim to provide a comprehensive schematization of the national guideline for improved preventive strategies, early detection, and targeted interventions to optimize maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Full article

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4 pages, 383 KB

Open AccessOpinion

Current Status of Folic Acid Fortification in Romania

by Bianca-Margareta Salmen and Roxana-Elena Bohîlțea

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(3), 22-25; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2030022 - 1 Sep 2023

Abstract

Among other benefits, folic acid has proven its role in preventing neural tube defects in the fertile female population. The neural tube defect prevalence is 21.9 in 10.000 births in the Eastern Mediterranean, while in the United States of America, the majority is [...] Read more.

Among other benefits, folic acid has proven its role in preventing neural tube defects in the fertile female population. The neural tube defect prevalence is 21.9 in 10.000 births in the Eastern Mediterranean, while in the United States of America, the majority is from 5.5 to 6.5 in 10.000 births. This difference, in favor of the United States, is probably due to the folic acid food fortification program. In Romania, the importance of periconceptional care is still underestimated; women from disadvantaged areas do not seek medical advice before pregnancy, during pregnancy, or even postpartum, and an obstetrician does not monitor most pregnancies. Folic acid supplementation periconceptionally remains a neglected subject in the Romanian population, which could benefit from folic acid food fortification. Full article

10 pages, 446 KB

Open AccessReview

Toxoplasmosis and Pregnancy: Current Approaches for Favourable Fetal Outcome

by Cristiana-Elena Durdu and Roxana-Elena Bohîlțea

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(3), 12-21; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2030012 - 1 Sep 2023

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most widespread parasites worldwide. Although it causes asymptomatic infections in most cases, it can lead to severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. When acquired during pregnancy, it can negatively impact fetal development, resulting in unfavorable outcomes in neonates. [...] Read more.

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most widespread parasites worldwide. Although it causes asymptomatic infections in most cases, it can lead to severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. When acquired during pregnancy, it can negatively impact fetal development, resulting in unfavorable outcomes in neonates. The epidemiology of this parasite varies from country to country, leading to a lack of international consensus on screening, diagnosis, and management of congenital toxoplasmosis. This article aims to review aspects related to the modes of transmission, screening, fetal prognosis, management, and prevention of this infection to increase the chances of a favorable fetal outcome. Full article

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Open AccessReview

Screening for Congenital Hip Dislocation—An Overview

by Rodica-Iulia Chirilă, Andreea Calomfirescu-Avramescu and Vlad Dima

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(3), 7-11; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2030007 - 1 Sep 2023

Abstract

Developmental dysplasia of the hip, previously known as congenital dislocation of the hip, is the most common congenital disease of the musculoskeletal system in newborns. It corresponds to a complete or partial displacement of the femoral head out of the acetabulum. The incidence [...] Read more.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip, previously known as congenital dislocation of the hip, is the most common congenital disease of the musculoskeletal system in newborns. It corresponds to a complete or partial displacement of the femoral head out of the acetabulum. The incidence is around 1:1000 births and it depends on multiple factors (region, family history, gender, mechanical factors, or some specific neonatal conditions). Screening may be by universal neonatal clinical examination (Ortolani or Barlow maneuvers) with the addition of sonographic imaging of the hip (selecting the patients who present abnormalities detected by physical examination or risk factors, and universal screening in the neonate). This screening is recommended at the discharge of newborns in most maternity hospitals in Romania. Full article

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Open AccessEditorial

The National Screening Program for Colorectal Cancer

by Cristian Gheorghe

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(3), 3-6; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2030003 - 1 Sep 2023

Abstract

As acting president of the Romanian Society of Coloproctology, what can you tell us about the particularities of this Society [...] Full article

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Open AccessOpinion

Orthodontic Treatment

by Alexandru Ioan Cucu and Mădălina-Nicoleta Mitroiu

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(2), 41-43; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2020041 - 1 Aug 2023

Abstract

Orthodontics is a branch of medicine that aims to achieve aesthetic and functional improvements through mechanical therapy by moving teeth into an ideal position. Orthodontic treatment can correct a variety of dental problems, including dental crowding and occlusion issues. Many people choose to [...] Read more.

Orthodontics is a branch of medicine that aims to achieve aesthetic and functional improvements through mechanical therapy by moving teeth into an ideal position. Orthodontic treatment can correct a variety of dental problems, including dental crowding and occlusion issues. Many people choose to undergo orthodontic treatment to improve the appearance of their teeth and boost their self-confidence. The braces are chosen according to pathology, following a specialized consultation with an orthodontist. Orthodontic treatment is an important step in achieving a healthy and beautiful smile and can help improve oral health and self-confidence. Full article

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Open AccessOpinion

A Systematic Approach in Neonatal Screening

by Andreea-Ioana Necula, Roxana Stoiciu, Alexandra Floriana Nemeș and Adrian Ioan Toma

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(2), 37-40; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2020037 - 1 Aug 2023

Abstract

In numerous countries, newborns are screened for diseases whose early detection can avoid permanent damage. There tends to be global agreement that the only conditions included in national newborn screening programs are a reliable test and a proven therapy with clear benefits for [...] Read more.

In numerous countries, newborns are screened for diseases whose early detection can avoid permanent damage. There tends to be global agreement that the only conditions included in national newborn screening programs are a reliable test and a proven therapy with clear benefits for the child's well-being. Through the National Health Programmes, newborns in Romania are examined for deafness, signs of retinopathy of prematurity and two metabolic disorders (phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital hypothyroidism). Full article

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Open AccessOpinion

Neonatal Hearing Screening—Short Review

by Andreea Calomfirescu-Avramescu and Vlad Dima

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(2), 31-36; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2020031 - 1 Aug 2023

Abstract

Newborn hearing screening is the best strategy to identify congenital deafness and hearing loss. The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss is 3 per 1000 for term newborns and up to 4 per 100 for newborns hospitalized in the NICU, therefore identification up to [...] Read more.

Newborn hearing screening is the best strategy to identify congenital deafness and hearing loss. The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss is 3 per 1000 for term newborns and up to 4 per 100 for newborns hospitalized in the NICU, therefore identification up to a maximum of 6 months has an optimal effect on neurocognitive development. Auditory testing techniques have evolved since the 1800s and currently include transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), the automated auditory brainstem response (ABR) or a combination of them. In our country we use auditory brainstem response (ABR) and otoacoustic emissions (OAE), thus we can identify up to 85% of hearing loss in the first 6 months of life. Full article

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Open AccessOpinion

The Diet and Lifestyle of Medical Students

by Razvan-Marius Ciobanu, Roxana Elena Bohiltea and Catalin-Constantin Coca

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(2), 25-30; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2020025 - 1 Aug 2023

Abstract

In the current era, dietary patterns have evolved, impacting vulnerable age groups such as adolescents. Obesity, a pressing health concern, associated with severe conditions is found more and more these days as global data indicates a worrisome escalation in obesity rates among children [...] Read more.

In the current era, dietary patterns have evolved, impacting vulnerable age groups such as adolescents. Obesity, a pressing health concern, associated with severe conditions is found more and more these days as global data indicates a worrisome escalation in obesity rates among children and adolescents through the last decades. Romania, while boasting relatively lower adult obesity rates in the EU, faces an increasing trend in overweight and obesity among young people. This research article underscores the multifaceted nature of obesity challenges faced by adolescents, necessitating targeted interventions to ensure their health and well-being in this fast-paced age. Full article

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Open AccessOpinion

Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents—Should We Do it?

by Bianca-Margareta Salmen and Roxana-Elena Bohiltea

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(2), 17-23; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2020017 - 1 Aug 2023

Abstract

The rising prevalence of adolescent obesity poses significant health challenges, necessitating effective interventions. When nutritional management and lifestyle changes are insufficient, bariatric surgery has emerged as a potential therapeutic option to address severe obesity in this vulnerable population, at risk of developing various [...] Read more.

The rising prevalence of adolescent obesity poses significant health challenges, necessitating effective interventions. When nutritional management and lifestyle changes are insufficient, bariatric surgery has emerged as a potential therapeutic option to address severe obesity in this vulnerable population, at risk of developing various complications such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and even cardiovascular disease, with its heterogenous implications. By carefully selecting patients, metabolic and bariatric surgery in adolescents presents a maximum of benefit, reducing the obesity complications. The most frequent procedures are represented by sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Current evidence supports metabolic and bariatric surgery in adolescents with severe obesity when most conservative lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions fail to ensure a healthier young population. We conducted a literature review with the aim to evaluate the current results regarding bariatric surgery in adolescents, highlighting the benefits and also disadvantages of surgical techniques. Full article

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5 pages, 545 KB

Open AccessOpinion

Promoting Active Futures: Exploring Physical Activity in Youth

by Cristiana-Elena Durdu and Roxana-Elena Bohiltea

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(2), 12-16; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2020012 - 1 Aug 2023

Abstract

Physical activity is essential for the healthy development of youth, promoting overall well-being and reducing the risk of various health conditions. This article explores the significance of preparticipation examinations in youth engaging in strength training and the importance of identifying any potential contraindications [...] Read more.

Physical activity is essential for the healthy development of youth, promoting overall well-being and reducing the risk of various health conditions. This article explores the significance of preparticipation examinations in youth engaging in strength training and the importance of identifying any potential contraindications and precautions. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines provide valuable insights, suggesting caution for certain medical conditions such as cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension, where weight training may pose risks to young individuals. By conducting thorough evaluations and adhering to appropriate precautions, the risk of injury and adverse health outcomes can be minimized, enabling youth to reap the numerous benefits of physical activity. Full article

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Open AccessOpinion

Psychological Factors in Obesity

by Silvia-Elena Cîrstoiu and Roxana-Elena Bohîlțea

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(2), 7-11; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2020007 - 1 Aug 2023

Abstract

Obesity is a widely health problem, a chronic disease characterized by a body mass index (BMI) larger than 30 kg/m². Looking at the psychological part that can influence obesity, we put together various factors leading to this health issue. Adverse childhood [...] Read more.

Obesity is a widely health problem, a chronic disease characterized by a body mass index (BMI) larger than 30 kg/m². Looking at the psychological part that can influence obesity, we put together various factors leading to this health issue. Adverse childhood experiences, which often persist into adulthood, can lead to psychological challenges, including self-consciousness and negative body image. Depression and obesity share a bidirectional relationship, where depression can lead to changes in appetite and activity levels, while obesity can contribute to body image issues and social stigma. Stress, cortisol, and obesity are closely related, with stress triggering physical responses that affect food intake and fat storage. Also, we aimed to emphasize the importance of therapy and its crucial role in obesity prevention. Full article

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Open AccessEditorial

The Psychological Implications of Childhood Obesity

by Cornelia Pantazi

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(2), 44-46; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2020044 - 1 Aug 2023

Abstract

According to the report published by WHO in May 2022, 58% of adults in Romania are overweight (with a body mass index between 25 and 29.9) or obese (with a body mass index over 30) [...] Full article

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Open AccessOpinion

Age-Related Macular Degeneration Screening—What Is Next?

by Antonia Elena Ranetti and Horia Tudor Stanca

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(1), 47-55; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2010047 - 1 Mar 2023

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide in patients older than 60 years. Because of the aging population, it is of great importance to diagnose the disease early to help the patients get access to treatment. In its [...] Read more.

Age-related macular degeneration is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide in patients older than 60 years. Because of the aging population, it is of great importance to diagnose the disease early to help the patients get access to treatment. In its incipient stages, patients are usually asymptomatic, but the advanced disease can progress very fast, and it severely affects visual acuity. Over time there have been proposals for screening programs for patients with AMD, but at the moment there are no programs in most countries. The disease burden is significant because there is no cure for late AMD, especially for dry AMD. The management for most of the early and intermediate patients affected consists of antioxidant supplements and risk factors reduction. Anti-VEGF injections are the mainstay treatment for patients with neovascular AMD, which can improve and stabilize vision but can’t cure the disease. In the last decade there have been some technological advancements in what concerns the diagnosis and also the management of the disease, so for patients with AMD there is now more hope than ever in every stage of the disease. Full article

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Open AccessOpinion

Vitamin K Prophylaxis for the Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborns—A Short Narrative Review

by Andreea Calomfirescu-Avramescu and Vlad Dima

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(1), 41-44; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2010041 - 1 Mar 2023

Abstract

Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) affects 1 of 200 to 400 neonates who do not receive vitamin K prophylaxis. VKDB is classified by cause (idiopathic or secondary) and type (early, classic, late). The late type of VKDB is the least common and most [...] Read more.

Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) affects 1 of 200 to 400 neonates who do not receive vitamin K prophylaxis. VKDB is classified by cause (idiopathic or secondary) and type (early, classic, late). The late type of VKDB is the least common and most severe with a mortality rate of 20%. AAP recommends that all neonates should receive a single dose of vitamin K1 soon after birth, which includes 0.5 to 1.0 mg of intramuscularly administered vitamin K1 or 1 to 2 mg of oral vitamin K1. Intramuscular administration is preferred and has more benefits than oral administration. The oral prophylaxis administration is controversial and in our Country is not available. Full article

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8 pages, 572 KB

Open AccessOpinion

Approaches in Oral Health Promotion

by Ruxandra Sfeatcu, Mariana Cărămidă, Loredana Dumitrașcu, Dan Lambescu and Mihaela Adina Dumitrache

Rom. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 2(1), 37-40; https://doi.org/10.3390/rjpm2010037 - 1 Mar 2023

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "oral health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". Oral health, an important component of general health, involves more than the existence of healthy [...] Read more.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "oral health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". Oral health, an important component of general health, involves more than the existence of healthy teeth, it refers to the entire oral cavity and has profound implications for the body. Good oral health allows the realization of the person's social (socialization, communication) and economic functions. Although the oral health status of the population around the world has seen a marked improvement, oral diseases continue to be a major public health problem, especially in communities belonging to disadvantaged social groups in developed and developing countries, which still face increased levels of oral health impairment. Full article

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Romanian Journal of Preventive Medicine

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