35 Results Found

Data regarding treatment outcomes among childhood TB patients are lacking in Malaysia. The present study aimed to evaluate the treatment outcomes and predictors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes among childhood TB patients in four TB high-burden sta...

This study is a review of routine programmatically collected data to describe the 5-year trend in childhood case notification in Jamshoro district, Pakistan from January 2013 to June 2018 and review of financial data for the two active case finding p...

Background: In Nigeria, most children with tuberculosis (TB) present at primary health clinics where there are limited personnel skilled in collecting appropriate respiratory specimens from those who cannot produce sputum. KNCV Nigeria, in collaborat...

The case detection rate of childhood tuberculosis in Bangladesh is 4%, far below the World Health Organization predicted rate of 10–15% for a country with a high burden of tuberculosis. A concurrent triangulation mixed-methods study was carried...

Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) reduces the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) among people living with HIV (PLHIV), but its coverage remains suboptimal in most settings. We conducted a cross-sectional study to describe TPT uptake among PLHIV and...

Early identification, screening and investigation for tuberculosis (TB), and provision of TB preventive therapy (TPT), reduces risk of TB among child household contacts of pulmonary TB patients (index patients). A cohort study was conducted to descri...

Under-reporting of tuberculosis (TB) disease in children and adolescents is a significant global concern, as many children are missing from TB notification data. A systematic literature review was conducted to understand the global reporting gap of c...

Tuberculosis (TB) in children presents specificities in its diagnosis, which makes it prone to underreporting: therefore, the disease in this group is still a serious public health problem in several countries. We aimed to analyze the spatial distrib...

Background and objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem in both developing and developed countries. Childhood TB is also an important epidemiological indicator in terms of forming the future TB pool. The diagnosis of TB is d...

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Over the last decades, TB has also emerged in the pediatric population. Epidemiologic data of childhood TB are still limited and there is an urgent need of more data on very large coh...

The management of childhood tuberculosis (TB) is hampered by the low sensitivity and limited accessibility of microbiological testing. Optimizing clinical approaches is therefore critical to close the persistent gaps in TB case detection and preventi...

There is no microbiological gold standard for childhood tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. The paucibacillary nature of the disease, challenges in sample collection in young children, and the limitations of currently available microbiological tests restric...

In this review, we discuss considerations and successful models for providing decentralized diagnosis, treatment, and prevention services for children and adolescents. Key approaches to building decentralized capacity for childhood TB diagnosis in pr...

None of the currently used diagnostic tools are efficient enough in diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection in children. The study was aimed to identify cytokine biosignatures characterizing active and latent tuberculosis (TB) in child...

Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is consistently under-detected in most high-burden countries, including Uganda, especially in young children at high risk for severe disease and mortality. TB preventive treatment (TPT) for high-risk child contacts is also...

In low tuberculosis-burden countries, children and adolescents with the highest incidence of tuberculosis (TB) infection or disease are usually those who have immigrated from high-burden countries. It is, therefore, essential that low-burden countrie...

Tuberculous pericarditis (TBP) is an important cause of pericarditis worldwide while being infrequent in childhood, especially in low-TB-incidence countries. We report a case of TBP and provide a systematic review of the literature, conducted by sear...

Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic infectious disease affecting humans, causes over 1.3 million deaths per year throughout the world. The current preventive vaccine BCG provides protection against childhood TB, but it fails to protect against pulmonary TB....

The introduction of stool as a readily obtainable sample and the recently developed simple one-step (SOS) stool processing method on Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) offer an opportunity for TB diagnosis in children. We conducted this study in secon...

The health needs of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) have been neglected in tuberculosis (TB) care, control, and research. AYAs, who are distinct from younger children and older adults, undergo dynamic physical, psychological, emotional, cognitive...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) in adolescents is distinct from both childhood and adult TB, particularly in terms of risk factors; however, national-level data assessing these factors in adolescents remain limited despite growing attention to the issu...

Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a critically underrecognized contributor to global childhood morbidity and mortality, with the highest burden concentrated in low-resource settings. Although children comprise a minority of overall TB cases, mortal...

The widely administered tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), is the only licensed vaccine, but has highly variable efficiency against childhood and pulmonary TB. Therefore, the BCG prime-boost strategy is a rational solution for...

A divorced 37-year-old male from an urban enviroment with a history of known childhood tuberculosis (TB) complained of having the following symptoms over the past 3 months: anorexia, fatigue, exertional dys-pnea, left-sided chest pain, excess sweatin...

In childhood tuberculosis (TB), with an estimated 69% of missed cases in children under 5 years of age, the case detection gap is larger than in other age groups, mainly due to its paucibacillary nature and children’s difficulties in delivering...

Background: Each year, approximately two million adolescents and young adults in the world become infected with tuberculosis (TB). The problem is that the classification of the disease includes children in the age group 0–14 years and young adu...

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), administered to >100 million neonates annually. It confers approximately 70–80% protection against tuberculous meningitis and miliary TB in ear...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of childhood death. Despite the startling statistics, it is neglected globally as evidenced by treatment and clinical care schemes, mostly extrapolated from studies in adults. The objective of this study was to form...

Dental caries and periodontal diseases are associated with a shift from symbiotic microbiota to dysbiosis. The aim of our study was to develop a rapid, sensitive, and economical method for the identification and quantification of selected cariogenic...

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a very severe form of childhood tuberculosis (TB), requiring hospitalisation for diagnosis. We investigated trends in admission, disease spectrum, outcomes, and healthcare system factors in children with TBM managed at...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. While the symptoms of ASD are present from early childhood, there has...

Even today, tuberculosis in childhood is a disease that is often undiagnosed and undertreated. In the absence of therapy with antituberculosis drugs, children in the first years of life have a high degree of severe forms and mortality. In these child...

Background/Objectives: Stool-based GeneXpert testing has become a useful approach for diagnosing pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). This study compared two stool-processing methods, centrifugation-based processing (CBP) and simple one-step (SOS)...

Tuberculosis vaccines capable of reducing disease worldwide have proven difficult to develop. BCG is effective in limiting childhood disease, but adult TB is still a major public health issue. Development of new vaccines requires identification of an...

The concept of “children at risk” changes worldwide according to each specific context. Africa has a large burden of overall risk factors related to childhood health and development, most of which are of an infective or social origin. The aim of this...