MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a critical part of the RNA silencing machinery, are known to play important regulatory roles in cancer. However, the consequence of miRNA deregulation in cancer is unknown for many miRNAs. Here, we define that miRNAs, miR-17-5p, m...
Insufficient apoptosis is a recognised hallmark of cancer. A strategy to quantitatively measure apoptosis in vivo would be of immense value in both drug discovery and routine patient management. The first irreversible step in the apoptosis cascade is...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative and perspective antineoplastic therapy. Tetra-α-(4-carboxyphenoxy) phthalocyanine zinc (TαPcZn)-mediated PDT (TαPcZn-PDT) has shown antitumor activity in some tumor cells, but the manner i...
Therapy resistance is still a major reason for treatment failure in colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 as a novel suppressor of caspase-2 translation which contributes to the apoptosis resistance of CRC...
Rotator cuff tendinopathy (RCT) is the primary reason for shoulder surgery and its clinical management is still challenging. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo under RCT conditions, characterize...
Mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus of medical concern associated with neurological disorders. ZIKV utilizes apoptosis as a mechanism of cell killing. The structural M protein may play a role in flavivirus-induced apoptosis. Th...
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by bacterial infection and immune dysregulation. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) is a key pathogen linked to disease progression. Caspase-1 and caspase-4 r...
Novel fused chromenes (4,7–11) and pyrimidines (12–16) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their mammary gland breast cancer (MCF-7), human colon cancer (HCT-116), and liver cancer (HepG-2) activities. The structural identity of...
Caspases are a family of cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases implicated in programmed cell death. Humans have eleven proteolytically active caspases, namely caspase-1 through -10 and caspase-14. The latter is expressed exclusively in epit...
Melanoma (malignant melanoma, MM) is an aggressive malignant skin cancer with an increasing incidence rate. The complete pathogenesis of MM in not clear. Due to DNA damage, mutations, dysregulation of growth factors, inactivation of tumor suppressor...
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is an ascending and agressive disease. The search for new molecular markers is emerging to solve difficulties in diagnosis, risk management, prognosis and effectiveness of treatments. Proteins related to apoptotic machinery...
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) during liver transplantation increases morbidity and contributes to allograft dysfunction. There are no therapeutic strategies to mitigate IRI. We examined a novel hypothesis: caspase 1 and caspase 11 serve as danger...
Apoptosis, programmed cell death, has a central role in developmental biology and in maintaining the equilibrium of renewing tissues. A founding member of the Bcl-2 family of regulatory proteins for apoptosis is Bcl-2, which is encoded by the BCL2 ge...
28 September 2015
Recently, the focus of murine caspase-11 and human orthologs caspase-4, -5 research has been on their novel function to induce noncanonical inflammasome activation in direct response to Gram-negative bacterial infection. On the other hand, a new role...
(1) Background: The estimation of the post mortem interval (PMI) is a challenge for forensic pathologists because data emerging from methods commonly applied are not always conclusive, since several conditions exist that may affect the reliability of...
A better understanding of the pathogenesis of preterm birth (PTB) will allow us to lower the PTB rate, reducing perinatal morbidity and mortality. This article presents the hypothesis that premature placenta apoptosis could be a potential cause of PT...
Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death in a variety of cancer cells. However, the details of the signal transduction cascade involved in G-Rh2-induced cell death is unclear. In this manuscript we elucidate the molecular...
One function ascribed to apoptosis is the suicidal destruction of potentially harmful cells, such as cancerous cells. Hence, their growth depends on evasion of apoptosis, which is considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Apoptosis is ultimately...
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is an orderly cellular suicide program that is critical for the development, immune regulation and homeostasis of a multi-cellular organism. Failure to control this process can lead to serious human disea...
Caspases are a family of proteins involved in cell death. Although several caspase members have been well characterized, caspase-2 remains enigmatic. Caspase-2 has been implicated in several phenotypes, but there has been no consensus in the field ab...
Persistent cell shrinkage is a major hallmark of apoptotic cell death. The early-phase shrinkage, which starts within 30−120 min after apoptotic stimulation and is called apoptotic volume decrease (AVD), is known to be accomplished by activation of K...
The protein scaffold that includes the caspases is ancient and found in all domains of life. However, the stringent specificity that defines the caspase biologic function is relatively recent and found only in multicellular animals. During the radiat...
Caspase-14 is a unique member of the caspase family—a family of molecules participating in apoptosis. However, it does not affect this process but regulates another form of programmed cell death—cornification, which is characteristic of the epidermis...
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection can manifest locally as mucocutaneous lesions or keratitis and can also spread to the central nervous system to cause encephalitis. HSV-1 establishes a lifelong latent infection and neither cure nor vacci...
Caspases, a family of cysteine-aspartic proteases, have an established role as critical components in the activation and initiation of apoptosis. Alongside this a variety of non-apoptotic caspase functions in proliferation, differentiation, cellular...
Monomers leached from resin-based composites (RBCs) may reach intrapulpal concentrations of the millimolar (mM) range, which could contribute to inflammation. The aim of this investigation was to assess the cytotoxicity of triethylene glycol dimethac...
Caspase-5 is a protease that induces inflammation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. The expression level of the CASP5 gene is very low in the basal state, but strongly increases in th...
Caspase-8 is a cysteine-aspartic acid protease that has been identified as an initiator caspase that plays an essential role in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer and Caspase-8 expression is silenced in some...
Caspase-2 is the most evolutionarily conserved member of the mammalian caspase family and has been implicated in both apoptotic and non-apoptotic signaling pathways, including tumor suppression, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair. A myriad of sign...
Ovarian cancer remains a major diagnostic and therapeutic problem in modern gynecological oncology. For this reason, research which focuses on the search for new diagnostic markers and the assessment of their possible usefulness in clinical practice...
Caspase-11 is a pro-inflammatory enzyme that is stringently regulated during its expression and activation. As caspase-11 is not constitutively expressed in cells, it requires a priming step for its upregulation, which occurs following the stimulatio...
Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an IgG-mediated autoimmune disease characterised by epithelial cell–cell detachment (acantholysis) resulting in mucocutaneous blistering. The exact pathogenesis of blister formation is unknown and this has...
The molecular imaging of apoptosis remains an important method for the diagnosis and monitoring of the progression of certain diseases and the evaluation of the efficacy of anticancer apoptosis-inducing therapies. Among the multiple biomarkers involv...
Caspases are known for their roles in cell death and inflammation. However, emerging evidence suggests they also mediate non-lethal processes, governed by a finely tuned balance of localization, activity, kinetics, and substrate availability. Given t...
Within arterial plaque, HIV infection creates a state of inflammation and immune activation, triggering NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome, tissue damage, and monocyte/macrophage infiltration. Previously, we documented that caspase-1 activation in myeloid...
Caspase-8 was originally identified as a central player of programmed cell death triggered by death receptor stimulation. In that context, its activity is tightly regulated through several mechanisms, with the best established being the expression of...
(1) Background: caspase-12 is activated during cytomegalovirus retinitis, although its role is presently unclear. (2) Methods: caspase-12−/− (KO) or caspase-12+/+ (WT) mice were immunosup eyes were analyzed by plaque assay, TUNEL assay, immunohistoch...
Caspase is a well-studied metazoan protease involved in programmed cell death and immunity in animals. Obviously, homologues of caspases with evolutionarily similar sequences and functions should exist in plants, and yet, they do not exist in plants....
Caspase-8 has been classified as an apoptotic caspase, and its initial definition was an initiator of extrinsic cell death. During the past decade, the concept of caspase-8 functioning has been changed by findings of its additional roles in diverse b...
Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that activate inflammatory signaling pathways. Inflammasomes comprise two major classes: canonical inflammasomes, which were discovered first and are activated in response to a variety of pathoge...
The canonical function of caspase-8 is to control timely cellular apoptosis to maintain tissue homeostasis and clear dysfunctional cells; however, emerging findings reveal novel, non-canonical roles of caspase in addition to regulating cellular apopt...
Inflammation-induced angiogenesis is closely related to many diseases and has been regarded as a therapeutic target. Caspase-8 has attracted increasing attention for its immune properties and therapeutic potential in inflammatory disorders. The aim o...
Recognition of intracellular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by Caspase-4 (Casp-4) is critical for host defense against Gram-negative pathogens. LPS binds to the N-terminal caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) of procaspase-4, leading to auto-pr...
Most anticancer treatments trigger tumor cell death through apoptosis, where initiation of proteolytic action of caspase protein is a basic need. But under certain circumstances, apoptosis is prevented by the apoptosis inhibitor proteins, survivin an...
Since the potential anticancer activity of auranofin was discovered, gold compounds have attracted interest with a view to developing anticancer agents that follow cytotoxic mechanisms other than cisplatin. Two benzimidazole gold(I) derivatives conta...
Members of the caspase family are well known for their roles in the initiation and execution of cell death. Due to their function in the removal of damaged cells that could otherwise become malignant, caspases are important players in the DNA damage...
Cell can integrate the caspase family and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in response to cellular stress triggered by environment. It is necessary here to elucidate the direct response and interaction mechanism between the two signalin...
Caspases are proteases conserved throughout Metazoans and responsible for initiating and executing the apoptotic program. Currently, there are over 1800 known apoptotic caspase substrates, many of them known regulators of cell proliferation and death...
In biliary atresia (BA), apoptosis is part of the pathomechanism, which results in progressive liver fibrosis. There is increasing evidence suggesting that apoptotic liver injury can be non-invasively detected by measuring the caspase activity in the...
I3MT-3 (HMPSNE) has been identified as a selective inhibitor of the supersulfide-producing enzyme 3-MST. In this study, we found that I3MT-3 inhibits inflammatory responses, including the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β...
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